Dr Paul Keall

Professor and NHMRC Australian Fellow
Medicine, Central Clinical School

D06 - Blackburn Building
The University of Sydney
NSW 2006 Australia

T:	+61 2 9351 3590
F:	+61 2 9351 0418
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Biographical details

Paul Keall is currently a Professor at the University of Sydney and Director of the Radiation Physics Laboratory. His work is broadly supported by the NHMRC Australia Fellowship Innovations in Medical Physics to Improve Human Health with additional funding supporting individual projects. The program has international funded collaborations with Stanford University and Virginia Commonwealth University, and also partners with several institutions in Asia, Europe and the US on image guided radiation therapy research projects. Previously Dr. Keall was an Associate Professor and Director of the Radiation Physics Division of the Radiation Oncology Department at Stanford University. Dr. Keall earned his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees at the University of Adelaide in Australia and his B.S. degree at the University of Waikato in New Zealand. Dr. Kealls main scientific interests involve image guided radiation therapy and accounting for anatomic and physiologic changes in healthy and pathologic tissue throughout a radiation treatment course. Additional areas of investigation include ventilation imaging, audiovisual biofeedback, compact plasma proton accelerators and MRI and PET-guided linear accelerators. These research activities have resulted in over 130 scientific articles and several awards and honors. He has developed new methods for medical imaging and image guided radiation therapy. Several of these innovations have been translated to clinical practice for improved health care. He is an editorial board member for several journals in the radiation oncology field and participates in professional activities and committees of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine and the American Society for Radiation Oncology.

Current national competitive grants*

2012

A Hybrid Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Linear Accelerator (MRI-Linac) for Highly Accurate Radiotherapy Cancer Treatment
Crozier S, Keall P
University of Queensland Shared Research Support ($180,000 over 3 years)

The development and investigation of respiratory-modulated four-dimensional cone beam CT imaging
Keall P
NHMRC Project Grants ($498,225 over 5 years)

2010

4D IMRT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer
Keall P
National Institutes of Health (USA) Research Support ($755,365 over 3 years)

Australia Fellowship
Keall P
NHMRC Australian Fellowship ($4,000,000 over 4 years)

* Grants administered through the University of Sydney

Publications

2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007

2013

Pollock, S., Lee, D., Keall, P., Kim, T. (2013), Audiovisual biofeedback improves motion prediction accuracy. Medical Physics. 40(4), 041705. [Abstract]
Cooper, B., O'Brien, R., Balik, S., Hugo, G., Keall, P. (2013), Respiratory triggered 4D cone-beam computed tomography: A novel method to reduce imaging dose. Medical Physics. 40(4), 041901. [Abstract]
O'Brien, R., Cooper, B., Keall, P. (2013), Optimizing 4D cone beam computed tomography acquisition by varying the gantry velocity and projection time interval. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 58(6), 1705-1723. [Abstract]

2012

Yamamoto, T., Kabus, S., von Berg, J., Lorenz, C., Chung, M., Hong, J., Loo, B., Keall, P. (2012), Reproducibility of four-dimensional computed tomography-based lung ventilation imaging. Academic Radiology. 19(12), 1554-1565. [Abstract]
Cho, B., Poulsen, P., Ruan, D., Sawant, A., Keall, P. (2012), Experimental investigation of a general real-time 3D target localization method using sequential kV imaging combined with respiratory monitoring. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 57(22), 7395-7407. [Abstract]
Kim, T., Pollock, S., Lee, D., O'Brien, R., Keall, P. (2012), Audiovisual biofeedback improves diaphragm motion reproducibility in MRI. Medical Physics. 39(11), 6921-6928. [Abstract]
Poulsen, P., Schmidt, M., Keall, P., Worm, E., Fledelius, W., Hoffmann, L. (2012), A method of dose reconstruction for moving targets compatible with dynamic treatments. Medical Physics. 39(10), 6237-6246. [Abstract]
Ng, J., Booth, J., Poulsen, P., Fledelius, W., Worm, E., Eade, T., Hegi, F., Kneebone, A., Kuncic, Z., Keall, P. (2012), Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring for Prostate Intensity Modulated Arc Therapy: First Clinical Results. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 84(5), e655-e661. [Abstract]
Poulsen, P., Fledelius, W., Cho, B., Keall, P. (2012), Image-based dynamic multileaf collimator tracking of moving targets during intensity-modulated arc therapy. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 83(2), e265-e271. [Abstract]
Crocker, J., Ng, J., Keall, P., Booth, J. (2012), Measurement of patient imaging dose for real-time kilovoltage x-ray intrafraction tumour position monitoring in prostate patients. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 57(10), 2969-2980. [Abstract]
Wu, J., Ruan, D., Cho, B., Sawant, A., Petersen, J., Newell, L., Cattell, H., Keall, P. (2012), Electromagnetic Detection and Real-time DMLC Adaptation to Target Rotation during Radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 82(3), e545-553. [Abstract]
Falk, M., Larsson, T., Keall, P., Chul Cho, B., Aznar, M., Korreman, S., Poulsen, P., Af Rosenschold, P. (2012), The dosimetric impact of inversely optimized arc radiotherapy plan modulation for real-time dynamic MLC tracking delivery. Medical Physics. 39(3), 1588-1594. [Abstract]
Oborn, B., Metcalfe, P., Butson, M., Rosenfeld, A., Keall, P. (2012), Electron contamination modeling and skin dose in 6 MV longitudinal field MRIgRT: Impact of the MRI and MRI fringe field. Medical Physics. 39(2), 874-890. [Abstract]
Poulsen, P., Carl, J., Nielsen, J., Nielsen, M., Thomsen, J., Jensen, H., Kjærgaard, B., Zepernick, P., Worm, E., Fledelius, W., Cho, B., Sawant, A., Ruan, D., Keall, P. (2012), Megavoltage Image-Based Dynamic Multileaf Collimator Tracking of a NiTi Stent in Porcine Lungs on a Linear Accelerator. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 82(2), e321-7. [Abstract]
Yang, J., Yamamoto, T., Cho, B., Seo, Y., Keall, P. (2012), The impact of audio-visual biofeedback on 4D PET images: results of a phantom study. Medical Physics. 39(2), 1046-1057. [Abstract]

2011

Ravkilde, T., Keall, P., Højbjerre, K., Fledelius, W., Worm, E., Poulsen, P. (2011), Geometric accuracy of dynamic MLC tracking with an implantable wired electromagnetic transponder. Acta Oncologica. 50(6), 944-951. [Abstract]
Fledelius, W., Keall, P., Cho, B., Yang, X., Morf, D., Scheib, S., Poulsen, P. (2011), Tracking latency in image-based dynamic MLC tracking with direct image access. Acta Oncologica. 50(6), 952-959. [Abstract]
Yoon, J., Sawant, A., Suh, Y., Cho, B., Suh, T., Keall, P. (2011), Experimental investigation of a moving averaging algorithm for motion perpendicular to the leaf travel direction in dynamic MLC target tracking. Medical Physics. 38(7), 3924-3931. [Abstract]
Constantin, M., Perl, J., LoSasso, T., Salop, A., Whittum, D., Narula, A., Svatos, M., Keall, P. (2011), Modeling the truebeam linac using a CAD to Geant4 geometry implementation: dose and IAEA-compliant phase space calculations. Medical Physics. 38(7), 4018-4024. [Abstract]
Constantin, D., Fahrig, R., Keall, P. (2011), A study of the effect of in-line and perpendicular magnetic fields on beam characteristics of electron guns in medical linear accelerators. Medical Physics. 38(7), 4174-4185. [Abstract]
Yamamoto, T., Kabus, S., Klinder, T., Lorenz, C., von Berg, J., Blaffert, T., Loo, B., Keall, P. (2011), Investigation of four-dimensional computed tomography-based pulmonary ventilation imaging in patients with emphysematous lung regions. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 56(7), 2279-2298. [Abstract]
Poulsen, P., Fledelius, W., Keall, P., Weiss, E., Lu, J., Brackbill, E., Hugo, G. (2011), A method for robust segmentation of arbitrarily shaped radiopaque structures in cone-beam CT projections. Medical Physics. 38(4), 2151-2156. [Abstract]
Carlson, D., Keall, P., Loo, B., Chen, Z., Brown, J. (2011), Hypofractionation results in reduced tumor cell kill compared to conventional fractionation for tumors with regions of hypoxia. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 79(4), 1188-1195. [Abstract]
Yamamoto, T., Kabus, S., Klinder, T., von Berg, J., Lorenz, C., Loo, B., Keall, P. (2011), Four-dimensional computed tomography pulmonary ventilation images vary with deformable image registration algorithms and metrics. Medical Physics. 38(3), 1348-1358. [Abstract]
Cho, B., Poulsen, P., Sawant, A., Ruan, D., Keall, P. (2011), Real-time target position estimation using stereoscopic kilovoltage/megavoltage imaging and external respiratory monitoring for dynamic multileaf collimator tracking. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 79(1), 269-278. [Abstract]
Keall, P., Sawant, A., Cho, B., Ruan, D., Wu, J., Poulsen, P., Petersen, J., Newell, L., Cattell, H., Korreman, S. (2011), Electromagnetic-guided dynamic multileaf collimator tracking enables motion management for intensity-modulated arc therapy. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 79(1), 312-320. [Abstract]
Yamamoto, T., Kabus, S., von Berg, J., Lorenz, C., Keall, P. (2011), Impact of four-dimensional computed tomography pulmonary ventilation imaging-based functional avoidance for lung cancer radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 79(1), 279-288. [Abstract]
Keall, P. (2011), Locating and targeting moving tumors with radiation beams. Frontiers of Radiation Therapy and Oncology. 43, 118-131. [Abstract]
Ruan, D., Keall, P. (2011), Dynamic multileaf collimator control for motion adaptive radiotherapy: an optimization approach. United States: (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Eng, .

2010

Zhou, H., Rodriguez, M., van den Haak, F., Nelson, G., Jogani, R., Xu, J., Zhu, X., Xian, Y., Tran, P., Felsher, D., Keall, P., Graves, E. (2010), Development of a micro-computed tomography-based image-guided conformal radiotherapy system for small animals. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 78(1), 297-305. [Abstract]
Cho, B., Poulsen, P., Keall, P. (2010), Real-time tumor tracking using sequential kV imaging combined with respiratory monitoring: a general framework applicable to commonly used IGRT systems. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 55(12), 3299-3316. [Abstract]
Ruan, D., Keall, P. (2010), Online prediction of respiratory motion: multidimensional processing with low-dimensional feature learning. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 55(11), 3011-3025. [Abstract]
Poulsen, P., Cho, B., Ruan, D., Sawant, A., Keall, P. (2010), Dynamic multileaf collimator tracking of respiratory target motion based on a single kilovoltage imager during arc radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 77(2), 600-607. [Abstract]
Constantin, M., Constantin, D., Keall, P., Narula, A., Svatos, M., Perl, J. (2010), Linking computer-aided design (CAD) to Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulations for precise implementation of complex treatment head geometries. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 55(8), N211-N220. [Abstract]
Langner, U., Keall, P. (2010), Quantification of artifact reduction with real-time cine four-dimensional computed tomography acquisition methods. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 76(4), 1242-1250. [Abstract]
Poulsen, P., Cho, B., Sawant, A., Keall, P. (2010), Implementation of a new method for dynamic multileaf collimator tracking of prostate motion in arc radiotherapy using a single kV imager. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 76(3), 914-923. [Abstract]
Falk, M., af Rosenschöld, P., Keall, P., Cattell, H., Cho, B., Poulsen, P., Povzner, S., Sawant, A., Zimmerman, J., Korreman, S. (2010), Real-time dynamic MLC tracking for inversely optimized arc radiotherapy. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 94(2), 218-223. [Abstract]
Motomura, A., Bazalova, M., Zhou, H., Keall, P., Graves, E. (2010), Investigation of the effects of treatment planning variables in small animal radiotherapy dose distributions. Medical Physics. 37(2), 590-599. [Abstract]

2009

Ruan, D., Fessler, J., Balter, J., Keall, P. (2009), Real-time profiling of respiratory motion: baseline drift, frequency variation and fundamental pattern change. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 54(15), 4777-4792. [Abstract]
Cho, B., Poulsen, P., Sloutsky, A., Sawant, A., Keall, P. (2009), First demonstration of combined kV/MV image-guided real-time dynamic multileaf-collimator target tracking. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 74(3), 859-867. [Abstract]
Rodriguez, M., Zhou, H., Keall, P., Graves, E. (2009), Commissioning of a novel microCT/RT system for small animal conformal radiotherapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 54(12), 3727-3240. [Abstract]
Suh, Y., Sawant, A., Venkat, R., Keall, P. (2009), Four-dimensional IMRT treatment planning using a DMLC motion-tracking algorithm. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 54(12), 3821-3835. [Abstract]
Ma, Y., Lee, L., Keshet, O., Keall, P., Xing, L. (2009), Four-dimensional inverse treatment planning with inclusion of implanted fiducials in IMRT segmented fields. Medical Physics. 36(6), 2215-2221. [Abstract]
Sawant, A., Smith, R., Venkat, R., Santanam, L., Cho, B., Poulsen, P., Cattell, H., Newell, L., Parikh, P., Keall, P. (2009), Toward submillimeter accuracy in the management of intrafraction motion: the integration of real-time internal position monitoring and multileaf collimator target tracking. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 74(2), 575-582. [Abstract]
Zhou, H., Keall, P., Graves, E. (2009), A bone composition model for Monte Carlo x-ray transport simulations. Medical Physics. 36(3), 1008-1018. [Abstract]
Jabbari, K., Keall, P., Seuntjens, J. (2009), Considerations and limitations of fast Monte Carlo electron transport in radiation therapy based on precalculated data. Medical Physics. 36(2), 530-540. [Abstract]
Dogan, N., Mihaylov, I., Wu, Y., Keall, P., Siebers, J., Hagan, M. (2009), Monte Carlo dose verification of prostate patients treated with simultaneous integrated boost intensity modulated radiation therapy. Radiation Oncology. 4, 18. [Abstract]

2008

Poulsen, P., Cho, B., Keall, P. (2008), A method to estimate mean position, motion magnitude, motion correlation, and trajectory of a tumor from cone-beam CT projections for image-guided radiotherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 72(5), 1587-1596. [Abstract]
Dieterich, S., Cleary, K., D'Souza, W., Murphy, M., Wong, K., Keall, P. (2008), Locating and targeting moving tumors with radiation beams. Medical Physics. 35(12), 5684-5694. [Abstract]
Yamamoto, T., Langner, U., Loo, B., Shen, J., Keall, P. (2008), Retrospective analysis of artifacts in four-dimensional CT images of 50 abdominal and thoracic radiotherapy patients. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 72(4), 1250-1258. [Abstract]
Langner, U., Keall, P. (2008), Prospective displacement and velocity-based cine 4D CT. Medical Physics. 35(10), 4501-4512. [Abstract]
Poulsen, P., Cho, B., Langen, K., Kupelian, P., Keall, P. (2008), Three-dimensional prostate position estimation with a single x-ray imager utilizing the spatial probability density. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 53(16), 4331-4353. [Abstract]
Suh, Y., Weiss, E., Zhong, H., Fatyga, M., Siebers, J., Keall, P. (2008), A deliverable four-dimensional intensity-modulated radiation therapy-planning method for dynamic multileaf collimator tumor tracking delivery. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 71(5), 1526-1536. [Abstract]
Suh, Y., Dieterich, S., Cho, B., Keall, P. (2008), An analysis of thoracic and abdominal tumour motion for stereotactic body radiotherapy patients. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 53(13), 3623-3640. [Abstract]
Cho, B., Suh, Y., Dieterich, S., Keall, P. (2008), A monoscopic method for real-time tumour tracking using combined occasional x-ray imaging and continuous respiratory monitoring. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 53(11), 2837-2855. [Abstract]
George, R., Suh, Y., Murphy, M., Williamson, J., Weiss, E., Keall, P. (2008), On the accuracy of a moving average algorithm for target tracking during radiation therapy treatment delivery. Medical Physics. 35(6), 2356-2365. [Abstract]
Keall, P., Arief, I., Shamas, S., Weiss, E., Castle, S. (2008), The development and investigation of a prototype three-dimensional compensator for whole brain radiation therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 53(9), 2267-2276. [Abstract]
Sawant, A., Venkat, R., Srivastava, V., Carlson, D., Povzner, S., Cattell, H., Keall, P. (2008), Management of three-dimensional intrafraction motion through real-time DMLC tracking. Medical Physics. 35(5), 2050-2061. [Abstract]
Wijesooriya, K., Weiss, E., Dill, V., Dong, L., Mohan, R., Joshi, S., Keall, P. (2008), Quantifying the accuracy of automated structure segmentation in 4D CT images using a deformable image registration algorithm. Medical Physics. 35(4), 1251-1260. [Abstract]
Weiss, E., Wijesooriya, K., Keall, P. (2008), Esophagus and spinal cord motion relative to GTV motion in four-dimensional CTs of lung cancer patients. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 87(1), 44-48. [Abstract]
Yorke, E., Keall, P., Verhaegen, F. (2008), Anniversary paper: Role of medical physicists and the AAPM in improving geometric aspects of treatment accuracy and precision. Medical Physics. 35(3), 828-839. [Abstract]
Weiss, E., Wijesooriya, K., Ramakrishnan, V., Keall, P. (2008), Comparison of intensity-modulated radiotherapy planning based on manual and automatically generated contours using deformable image registration in four-dimensional computed tomography of lung cancer patients. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 70(2), 572-581. [Abstract]
Luxton, G., Keall, P., King, C. (2008), A new formula for normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) as a function of equivalent uniform dose (EUD). Physics in Medicine and Biology. 53(1), 23-36. [Abstract]

2007

Chetty, I., Curran, B., Cygler, J., DeMarco, J., Ezzell, G., Faddegon, B., Kawrakow, I., Keall, P., Liu, H., Ma, C., Rogers, D., Seuntjens, J., Sheikh-Bagheri, D., Siebers, J. (2007), Report of the AAPM Task Group No. 105: Issues associated with clinical implementation of Monte Carlo-based photon and electron external beam treatment planning. Medical Physics. 34(12), 4818-4853. [Abstract]
Heath, E., Collins, D., Keall, P., Dong, L., Seuntjens, J. (2007), Quantification of accuracy of the automated nonlinear image matching and anatomical labeling (ANIMAL) nonlinear registration algorithm for 4D CT images of lung. Medical Physics. 34(11), 4409-4421. [Abstract]
Graves, E., Zhou, H., Chatterjee, R., Keall, P., Gambhir, S., Contag, C., Boyer, A. (2007), Design and evaluation of a variable aperture collimator for conformal radiotherapy of small animals using a microCT scanner. Medical Physics. 34(11), 4359-4367. [Abstract]
Xing, L., Siebers, J., Keall, P. (2007), Computational challenges for image-guided radiation therapy: framework and current research. Seminars in Radiation Oncology. 17(4), 245-257. [Abstract]
Keall, P., Vedam, S., George, R., Williamson, J. (2007), Respiratory regularity gated 4D CT acquisition: concepts and proof of principle. Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine. 30(3), 211-220. [Abstract]
Weiss, E., Ramakrishnan, V., Keall, P. (2007), Is there a selection bias in radiotherapy dose-escalation protocols?. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 68(5), 1359-1365. [Abstract]
Suh, Y., Dieterich, S., Keall, P. (2007), Geometric uncertainty of 2D projection imaging in monitoring 3D tumor motion. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 52(12), 3439-3454. [Abstract]
Keall, P., Lauve, A., Hagan, M., Siebers, J. (2007), A strategy to correct for intrafraction target translation in conformal prostate radiotherapy: simulation results. Medical Physics. 34(6), 1944-1951. [Abstract]
Li, X., Keall, P., Orton, C. (2007), Point/counterpoint. Respiratory gating for radiation therapy is not ready for prime time. Medical Physics. 34(3), 867-870. [Abstract]
Keall, P., Webb, S. (2007), Optimum parameters in a model for tumour control probability, including interpatient heterogeneity: evaluation of the log-normal distribution. Physics in Medicine and Biology. 52(1), 291-302. [Abstract]
Weiss, E., Siebers, J., Keall, P. (2007), An analysis of 6-MV versus 18-MV photon energy plans for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of lung cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 82(1), 55-62. [Abstract]
Weiss, E., Wijesooriya, K., Dill, S., Keall, P. (2007), Tumor and normal tissue motion in the thorax during respiration: Analysis of volumetric and positional variations using 4D CT. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. 67(1), 296-307. [Abstract]

The University of Sydney - Cancer Research Network