You are here: University of Sydney / Engineering & IT / About us / Our people / Professor John Patterson 

Professor John Patterson

BSc PhD (QLD)
Associate Dean (Research)
Director of Centre for Wind, Waves and Water

J13 - Engineering Link Building
The University of Sydney
Website Centre for Wind, Waves and Water

Biographical details

John has recently joined the academic staff in the School as Professor of Fluid Mechanics and Director of the Wind, Waves and Water Centre. His undergraduate and PhD studies were at the University of Queensland, followed by post doctoral appointments at the University of WA. John’s subsequent academic appointments were at the University of WA, where he was head of the Department of Environmental Engineering, and James Cook University, where he was the foundation Head of the School of Engineering, a position which he held for 9 years. He has also held research positions in Canada, USA, UK and Germany. He is currently an Adjunct Professor at James Cook University.

Back to Top

Research interests

Professor John Patterson's research flows naturally from his philosophy of fluid mechanics: from the barely perceptible flows that vitalise our bodies to torrential floodwaters and howling winds, fluid mechanics is everywhere. Professor Patterson has been committed to this field since his undergraduate days, and is currently focusing on the extremely important issue of water quality.

"Not too much that happens around us isn't controlled by fluid mechanics. We breathe, our blood flows around our bodies, the wind blows around us, the air-conditioner blows on us - that's all fluid mechanics.

"Water quality is a big issue, in this country in particular, and my current research is looking at the mechanisms involved. If you think about the shallower, near-shore regions of a lake or reservoir, the sun shines on those parts and they get warmer relative to the deeper, interior parts. That's important, because most pollutants and other materials enter water bodies from the shore, and through fluid mechanics are then transported to the interior and affect overall water quality. In urban areas especially, there's a lot of run-off of fertilisers, sediment and stormwater, so if you're interested in water quality you need to know about the mechanisms that transfer these substances throughout the body of water and affect its overall quality.

"One of the reasons I'm passionate about this area is that fluid mechanics can be approached in several different ways - through theoretical or numerical work, fieldwork or experimental work - so it can be highly mathematical but also very practical. It's a mixture of great science and great usefulness.

"At the University of Sydney there are a lot of really good people, a good atmosphere and a good attitude to research. It's a really good place to work."

Back to Top

Teaching and supervision

CIVL5666 - Open Channel Flow & Hydraulic Structures
CIVL5668 - Fundamentals of Wind Engineering for Design
CIVL5670 - Reservoir, Stream and Coastal Engineering

Back to Top

Associations

  • Fellow, Engineers Australia
  • Member, Australian Fluid Mechanics Society

Professional Service

  • Member, Assembly of World Conferences on Experimental heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
  • Oz Reader for the Australian Research Council
  • Reviewer for the Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italy
  • Reviewer for many fluid mechanics, heat transfer and environmental engineering journals

Back to Top

Selected grants

2013

  • Conjugate natural convection boundary layers; Armfield S, Kirkpatrick M, Lei C, Lin W, Patterson J; Australian Research Council (ARC)/Discovery Projects (DP).

2012

  • Flow and transport in the nearshore regions of lakes and reservoirs; Patterson J, MacIntyre S; Australian Research Council (ARC)/Discovery Projects (DP).

2010

  • Enhancing natural convection heat transfer using a single horizontal non-metallic fin; Lei C, Patterson J; Australian Research Council (ARC)/Discovery Projects (DP).

2009

  • Transport by Natural Convection in Reservoir Sidearms; Patterson J, Armfield S, Lei C, Lin W, Kirkpatrick M; Australian Research Council/Discovery Projects (DP).

2008

  • Transport by Natural Convection in Reservoir Sidearms; Kirkpatrick M, Patterson J, Patterson J, Armfield S; Australian Research Council/Discovery Projects (DP).

2006

  • Stability, transition and heat transfer in thermally coupled natural convection boundary layers; Armfield S, Patterson J, Patterson J; Australian Research Council (ARC)/Discovery Project.
Back to Top

Selected publications

Download citations: PDF RTF Endnote

Journals

  • Yu, P., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2012). A numerical simulation of transient near-shore natural convection induced by ramped iso-flux cooling. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 38, 107-117.
  • Yu, P., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2012). Transient Behaviour of Natural Convection in a Reservoir Model Induced by Surface Heating. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 7(1), 211-226.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). Unsteady nearshore natural convection induced by constant isothermal surface heating. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 707, 342-368.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2011). Scaling of Natural Convection of an Inclined Flat Plate: Sudden Cooling Condition. Journal of Heat Transfer, 133(4), 041503-1-041503-9.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2011). Unsteady flow and heat transfer adjacent to the sidewall wall of a differentially heated cavity with a conducting and an adiabatic fin. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 32(3), 680-687.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2010). Characteristics of instability of radiation-induced natural convection in shallow littoral waters. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49(1), 170-181.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Natural convection and heat transfer in attics subject to periodic thermal forcing. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49(10), 1899-1910.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Natural convection boundary-layer adjacent to an inclined flat plate subject to sudden and ramp heating. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49(9), 1600-1612.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Natural convection in attic-shaped spaces subject to sudden and ramp heating boundary conditions. Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(6), 621-638.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Natural convection in attics subject to instantaneous and ramp cooling boundary conditions. Energy and Buildings, 42(8), 1192-1204.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Pr < 1 intrusion flow induced by a vertical heated wall. Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 82(2), 026318-1-026318-10.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Scaling of natural convection of an inclined flat plate: Ramp cooling condition. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53(23-24), 5156-5166.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2010). Spectral Analysis of Radiation-Induced Natural Convection in Littoral Waters. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(1), 35-40.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Temperature oscillations in a differentially heated cavity with and without a fin on the sidewall. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 37(4), 350-359.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2010). Unsteady Near-Shore Natural Convection Induced by Surface Cooling. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 642, 213-233.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2010). Various aspects of camera settings and image processing in the calibration of thermo-chromic liquid crystals for accurate particle image thermometry measurements. Journal of Visualization, 13(3), 241-250.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). A numerical study of unsteady natural convection induced by iso-flux surface cooling in a reservoir model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(1-2), 56-66.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). An experimental study of unsteady natural convection in a reservoir model subject to periodic thermal forcing using combined PIV and PIT techniques. Experiments in Fluids: experimental methods and their applications to fluid flow, 47(1), 107-117.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J., Ozoe, H. (2009). Effects of a transverse, horizontal magnetic field on natural convection of a paramagnetic fluid in a cube. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(1), 26-33.
  • Bednarz, T., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Ozoe, H. (2009). Enhancing Natural Convection in a Cube using a strong magnetic field - Experimental heat transfer rate measurements and flow visualization. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 36(8), 781-786.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2009). Heat transfer through coupled thermal boundary layers induced by a suddenly generated temperature difference. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(21-22), 4966-4975.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2009). Prandtl number scaling of unsteady natural convection boundary layers for Pr>1 fluids under isothermal heating. Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 79(6), 066313-1-066313-8.
  • Bednarz, T., Lin, W., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Armfield, S. (2009). Scaling for unsteady thermo-magnetic convection boundary layer of paramagnetic fluids of Pr> 1 in micro-gravity conditions. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 30(6), 1157-1170.
  • Patterson, J., Lei, C., Armfield, S., Lin, W. (2009). Scaling of unsteady natural convection boundary layers with a non-instantaneous initiation. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48, 1843-1852.
  • Patterson, J., Lei, C., Armfield, S., Lin, W. (2009). Scaling of Unsteady Natural Convection Boundary Layers with a Non-instantaneous Initiation. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(10), 1843-1852.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J., Ozoe, H. (2009). Suppressing Rayleigh-Benard convection in a cube using a strong magnetic field - experimental heat transfer rate measurements and flow visualization. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 36(2), 97-102.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2009). Transient natural convection flows around a thin fin on the sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 639, 261-290.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2009). Transition to a periodic flow induced by a thin fin on the sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(3-4), 620-628.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Unsteady natural convection in a triangular enclosure induced by absorption of radiation - a revisit by improved scaling analysis. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 622, 75-102.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Unsteady natural convection induced by diurnal temperature changes in a reservoir with slowly varying bottom topography. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(10), 1932-1942.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2008). An experimental study of the unsteady thermal flow around a thin fin on a sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 29(4), 1139-1153.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2008). An experimental study of unsteady natural convection in a reservoir model cooled from the water surface. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 32(3), 844-856.
  • Bednarz, T., Fornalik, E., Ozoe, H., Szmyd, J., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2008). Influence of a horizontal magnetic field on the natural convection of a paramagnetic fluid in a cube heated and cooled from two vertical side walls. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 47(6), 668-679.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2008). On the double-layer structure of the boundary layer adjacent to a sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51(15-16), 3803-3815.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2008). Unsteady natural convection boundary-layer flow of a linearly-stratified fluid with Pr < 1 on an evenly heated semi-infinite vertical plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51(1-2), 327-343.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2008). Unsteady natural convection boundary-layer flow of a linearly-stratified fluid with Pr<1 on an evenly heated semi-infinite vertical plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51, 327-343.
  • Lei, C., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2008). Unsteady natural convection in a water-filled isoceles triangular enclosure heated from below. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51, 2637-2650.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2008). Unsteady natural convection induced by constant surface cooling in a reservoir. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C852-C867.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). A numerical simulation of natural convection in an isosceles triangular enclosure heated from below. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C630-C644.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2007). Cooling of a Pr < 1 fluid in a rectangular container. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 574, 85-108.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2007). Cooling of a Pr < 1 fluid in a rectangular container. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 574(-), 85-108.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2007). Direct simulation of transitional plane fountains in a homogeneous fluid. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48, C692-C708.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). Effect of aspect ratio on natural convection in attics subject to periodic thermal forcing. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C677-C691.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Flow Response to Periodic Thermal Forcing in a Reservoir with Water Depth beyond the Penetration Depth of Solar Radiation. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 4(1), 29-37.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). Natural convection adjacent to a sidewall with three fins in a differentially heated cavity. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C806-C819.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). Natural Convection in a Differentially Heated Cavity with a Square Obstruction on the Sidewall. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 4(1), 77-86.
  • Armfield, S., Patterson, J., Lin, W. (2007). Scaling investigation of the natural convection boundary layer on an evenly heated plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50(7-8), 1592-1602.
  • Nateghi, M., Patterson, J., Armfield, S. (2007). Stratified natural convection flow in rectangular open cavities. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48, C542-C557.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). The leading edge effect in a suddenly differentially heated cavity. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C790-C805.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Experimental observations of the thermal flow around a square obstruction on a vertical wall in a differentially heated cavity. Experiments in Fluids: experimental methods and their applications to fluid flow, 40(3), 363-371.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2006). Natural Convection Induced by Diurnal Heating and Cooling in a Reservoir with Slowly Varying Topography. Jsme International Journal. Series B: Fluids and Thermal Engineering, 49(3), 605-615.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Observation and simulation of the double layer structure of the thermal boundary layer in a side-heated cavity. Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing, 13(3), 287-297.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2005). Shadowgraph observations of the transition of the thermal boundary layer in a side-heated cavity. Experiments in Fluids: experimental methods and their applications to fluid flow, 38(6), 770-779.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2005). Unsteady natural convection in a triangular enclosure induced by surface cooling. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 26(2), 307-321.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2003). A direct stability analysis of a radiation-induced natural convection boundary layer in a shallow wedge. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 480, 161-184.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2003). A direct three-dimensional simulation of radiation-induced natural convection in a shallow wedge. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(7), 1183-1197.
  • Patterson, J., Graham, T., Schopf, W., Armfield, S. (2002). Boundary layer development on a semi-infinite suddenly heated vertical plate. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 453(Feb), 39-55.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2002). Unsteady natural convection in a triangular enclosure induced by absorption of radiation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 460, 181-209.

Conferences

  • Liu, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). A Numerical Study of Plume Separation above a Thin Fin in a Differentially Heated Cavity. 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2012, Launceston, Tasmania: Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society.
  • Huxham, G., Cochard, S., Patterson, J. (2012). Experimental Parametric Investigation of an Oscillating Hydrofoil Tidal Stream Energy Converter. 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2012, Launceston, Tasmania: Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society.
  • Liu, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). Interaction of Separated Plumes from a Horizontal Fin with Downstream Thermal Boundary Layer in a Differentially Heated Cavity. 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2012, Launceston, Tasmania: Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society.
  • Zhao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). Response of a vertical natural convection boundary layer to random and single-mode perturbations. 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2012, Launceston, Tasmania: Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2012). Unsteady coupled thermal boundary layers. 23rd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Beijing: The International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM).
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). Unsteady Natural Convection in a Reservoir induced by Ramped Isothermal Surface Heating. 23rd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Beijing: The International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM).
  • Younis, O., Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Pallares, J., Grau, F. (2011). Scaling of Transient Natural Convection Cooling in a Side-Cooled Cavity: The Effect of Variable Viscosity. ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference (AJTEC2011), New York, NY, United States of America: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
  • Yu, P., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2011). Velocity Scales at the Initial Stage of Unsteady Natural Convection in a Reservoir Induced by Uniform Surface Heating. 9th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference - 9AHMTC, Melbourne, Australia: Australasian Fluid and Thermal Engineering Society (AFTES).
  • Lei, C., Mao, Y., Patterson, J. (2010). Natural Convection in a Wedge-Shaped Domain Induced by Constant Isothermal Surface Heating. 17th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Auckland, New Zealand: University of Auckland.
  • Bednarz, T., Fornalik, E., Szmyd, J., Lei, C., Patterson, J., Ozoe, H., Xu, F. (2009). Enhancement, suppression and inversion of the convective modes of a paramagnetic fluid in a differentially heated cubical cavity placed under a strong magnetic field. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Bednarz, T., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Xu, F. (2009). Exchange flow in a reservoir model experiencing diurnal temperature changes at the water surface. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Natural thermal siphon in littoral waters induced by solar radiation. 47th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society (ANZSES 2009), Townsville.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Bednarz, T. (2009). Oscillations induced by a fin on the sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Spectral analysis of radiation-induced natural convection in littoral waters. the International Conference on Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Bednarz, T. (2009). Travelling waves in a natural convection boundary layer adjacent to a sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Bednarz, T., Xu, F., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Visualization techniques for estimating thermal boundary layers of natural convection flows. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Patterson, J. (2008). Natural convection in the littoral regions induced by surface cooling. 7th International Symposium on Heat Transfer.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). An Experimental Study of the Thermal Flow around a Thin Fin on the Sidewall of a Differentially Heated Cavity. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Lei, C., Armfield, S., Patterson, J., O'Neill, A. (2007). Effects of Corner Geometry and Adiabatic Extensions on Heat Transfer through a Differentially Heated Square Cavity. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Flow Response to Periodic Forcing in a Reservoir With Water Depth Beyond the Penetration Depth of the Solar Radiation. 8th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference AHMTC 2005, Perth, Western Australia: Begell House Inc.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J., Ozoe, H. (2007). How expensive space-zero-gravity convection experiments can be carried out in terrestrial conditions - magnetic convection of a paramagnetic fluid. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Natural convection in a triangular enclosure induced by solar radiation. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Saha, S., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). On the Natural Convection Boundary Layer Adjacent to an Inclined Flat Plate Subject to Ramp Heating. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Particle Image Thermometry for Natural Convection Flows. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Saha, S., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Scaling Analysis of the Thermal Boundary Layer Adjacent to an Abruptly Heated Inclined Flat Plate. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). Transient Natural Convection in a Differentially Heated Cavity with a Thin Fin of Different Lengths on a Sidewall. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Saha, S., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2006). Natural Convection in a Triangular Enclosure Subject to Periodic Thermal Forcing. 13th International Heat Transfer Conference IHTC 2006, Connecticut, USA: Begell House Inc.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Observation and Simulation of the Double Layer Structure of the Thermal Boundary Layer in a Side-heated Cavity. 5th Pacific Symposium on Flow Visualization and Image Processing PSFVIP 2005.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Thermal Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer in a Differentially Heated Cavity with a Thin Fin on the Sidewall. 13th International Heat Transfer Conference IHTC 2006, Connecticut, USA: Begell House Inc.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Visualization of the Thermal Flow Around a Thin Fin on the Hot Wall of a Differentially Heated Rectangular Cavity. ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering FEDSM 2006, United States: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2005). Observations of the Thermal Boundary Layer Flow along a Vertical Wall with a Square Obstruction in a Side-heated Cavity. 8th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference AHMTC 2005, Perth, Western Australia: Begell House Inc.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2005). Simulations of the Natural Convection in a Side-heated Cavity with a Square Obstruction on the Sidewall. 8th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference AHMTC 2005, Perth, Western Australia: Begell House Inc.
  • Lei, C., Xu, F., Patterson, J. (2005). Visualisation of Natural Convection in an Isosceles Triangular Enclosure Heated from Below. 5th Pacific Symposium on Flow Visualization and Image Processing PSFVIP 2005.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J., Sha, Y. (2004). Flow Response to Periodic Heating and Cooling in a Reservoir. 15th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2004, Australia: University of Sydney.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2004). Oscillations of the Horizontal Intrusion in a Side-Heated Cavity. 15th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2004, Australia: University of Sydney.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2003). Numerical Visualization of Cooling-Induced Natural Convection in a Wedge. 7th Asian Symposium on Visualization ASV 2003, Singapore: National University of Singapore.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J., Farrow, D. (2003). Thermal Layer Instability in a Shallow Wedge Subject to Solar Radiation. 2nd International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics ICCFD 2002, Germany: Springer.

2012

  • Yu, P., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2012). A numerical simulation of transient near-shore natural convection induced by ramped iso-flux cooling. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 38, 107-117.
  • Liu, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). A Numerical Study of Plume Separation above a Thin Fin in a Differentially Heated Cavity. 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2012, Launceston, Tasmania: Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society.
  • Huxham, G., Cochard, S., Patterson, J. (2012). Experimental Parametric Investigation of an Oscillating Hydrofoil Tidal Stream Energy Converter. 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2012, Launceston, Tasmania: Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society.
  • Liu, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). Interaction of Separated Plumes from a Horizontal Fin with Downstream Thermal Boundary Layer in a Differentially Heated Cavity. 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2012, Launceston, Tasmania: Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society.
  • Zhao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). Response of a vertical natural convection boundary layer to random and single-mode perturbations. 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2012, Launceston, Tasmania: Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society.
  • Yu, P., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2012). Transient Behaviour of Natural Convection in a Reservoir Model Induced by Surface Heating. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 7(1), 211-226.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2012). Unsteady coupled thermal boundary layers. 23rd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Beijing: The International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM).
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). Unsteady Natural Convection in a Reservoir induced by Ramped Isothermal Surface Heating. 23rd International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Beijing: The International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM).
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2012). Unsteady nearshore natural convection induced by constant isothermal surface heating. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 707, 342-368.

2011

  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2011). Scaling of Natural Convection of an Inclined Flat Plate: Sudden Cooling Condition. Journal of Heat Transfer, 133(4), 041503-1-041503-9.
  • Younis, O., Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Pallares, J., Grau, F. (2011). Scaling of Transient Natural Convection Cooling in a Side-Cooled Cavity: The Effect of Variable Viscosity. ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference (AJTEC2011), New York, NY, United States of America: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2011). Unsteady flow and heat transfer adjacent to the sidewall wall of a differentially heated cavity with a conducting and an adiabatic fin. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 32(3), 680-687.
  • Yu, P., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2011). Velocity Scales at the Initial Stage of Unsteady Natural Convection in a Reservoir Induced by Uniform Surface Heating. 9th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference - 9AHMTC, Melbourne, Australia: Australasian Fluid and Thermal Engineering Society (AFTES).

2010

  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2010). Characteristics of instability of radiation-induced natural convection in shallow littoral waters. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49(1), 170-181.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Natural convection and heat transfer in attics subject to periodic thermal forcing. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49(10), 1899-1910.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Natural convection boundary-layer adjacent to an inclined flat plate subject to sudden and ramp heating. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49(9), 1600-1612.
  • Lei, C., Mao, Y., Patterson, J. (2010). Natural Convection in a Wedge-Shaped Domain Induced by Constant Isothermal Surface Heating. 17th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Auckland, New Zealand: University of Auckland.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Natural convection in attic-shaped spaces subject to sudden and ramp heating boundary conditions. Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(6), 621-638.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Natural convection in attics subject to instantaneous and ramp cooling boundary conditions. Energy and Buildings, 42(8), 1192-1204.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Pr < 1 intrusion flow induced by a vertical heated wall. Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 82(2), 026318-1-026318-10.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Scaling of natural convection of an inclined flat plate: Ramp cooling condition. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53(23-24), 5156-5166.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2010). Spectral Analysis of Radiation-Induced Natural Convection in Littoral Waters. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 6(1), 35-40.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2010). Temperature oscillations in a differentially heated cavity with and without a fin on the sidewall. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 37(4), 350-359.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2010). Unsteady Near-Shore Natural Convection Induced by Surface Cooling. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 642, 213-233.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2010). Various aspects of camera settings and image processing in the calibration of thermo-chromic liquid crystals for accurate particle image thermometry measurements. Journal of Visualization, 13(3), 241-250.

2009

  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). A numerical study of unsteady natural convection induced by iso-flux surface cooling in a reservoir model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(1-2), 56-66.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). An experimental study of unsteady natural convection in a reservoir model subject to periodic thermal forcing using combined PIV and PIT techniques. Experiments in Fluids: experimental methods and their applications to fluid flow, 47(1), 107-117.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J., Ozoe, H. (2009). Effects of a transverse, horizontal magnetic field on natural convection of a paramagnetic fluid in a cube. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(1), 26-33.
  • Bednarz, T., Fornalik, E., Szmyd, J., Lei, C., Patterson, J., Ozoe, H., Xu, F. (2009). Enhancement, suppression and inversion of the convective modes of a paramagnetic fluid in a differentially heated cubical cavity placed under a strong magnetic field. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Bednarz, T., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Ozoe, H. (2009). Enhancing Natural Convection in a Cube using a strong magnetic field - Experimental heat transfer rate measurements and flow visualization. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 36(8), 781-786.
  • Bednarz, T., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Xu, F. (2009). Exchange flow in a reservoir model experiencing diurnal temperature changes at the water surface. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2009). Heat transfer through coupled thermal boundary layers induced by a suddenly generated temperature difference. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(21-22), 4966-4975.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Natural thermal siphon in littoral waters induced by solar radiation. 47th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society (ANZSES 2009), Townsville.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Bednarz, T. (2009). Oscillations induced by a fin on the sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2009). Prandtl number scaling of unsteady natural convection boundary layers for Pr>1 fluids under isothermal heating. Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), 79(6), 066313-1-066313-8.
  • Bednarz, T., Lin, W., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Armfield, S. (2009). Scaling for unsteady thermo-magnetic convection boundary layer of paramagnetic fluids of Pr> 1 in micro-gravity conditions. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 30(6), 1157-1170.
  • Patterson, J., Lei, C., Armfield, S., Lin, W. (2009). Scaling of unsteady natural convection boundary layers with a non-instantaneous initiation. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48, 1843-1852.
  • Patterson, J., Lei, C., Armfield, S., Lin, W. (2009). Scaling of Unsteady Natural Convection Boundary Layers with a Non-instantaneous Initiation. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(10), 1843-1852.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Spectral analysis of radiation-induced natural convection in littoral waters. the International Conference on Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J., Ozoe, H. (2009). Suppressing Rayleigh-Benard convection in a cube using a strong magnetic field - experimental heat transfer rate measurements and flow visualization. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 36(2), 97-102.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2009). Transient natural convection flows around a thin fin on the sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 639, 261-290.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2009). Transition to a periodic flow induced by a thin fin on the sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(3-4), 620-628.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C., Bednarz, T. (2009). Travelling waves in a natural convection boundary layer adjacent to a sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Unsteady natural convection in a triangular enclosure induced by absorption of radiation - a revisit by improved scaling analysis. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 622, 75-102.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Unsteady natural convection induced by diurnal temperature changes in a reservoir with slowly varying bottom topography. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48(10), 1932-1942.
  • Bednarz, T., Xu, F., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2009). Visualization techniques for estimating thermal boundary layers of natural convection flows. 7th World Conference on Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Krakow, Poland: AGH University of Science and Technology Press.

2008

  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2008). An experimental study of the unsteady thermal flow around a thin fin on a sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 29(4), 1139-1153.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2008). An experimental study of unsteady natural convection in a reservoir model cooled from the water surface. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 32(3), 844-856.
  • Bednarz, T., Fornalik, E., Ozoe, H., Szmyd, J., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2008). Influence of a horizontal magnetic field on the natural convection of a paramagnetic fluid in a cube heated and cooled from two vertical side walls. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 47(6), 668-679.
  • Patterson, J. (2008). Natural convection in the littoral regions induced by surface cooling. 7th International Symposium on Heat Transfer.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2008). On the double-layer structure of the boundary layer adjacent to a sidewall of a differentially heated cavity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51(15-16), 3803-3815.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2008). Unsteady natural convection boundary-layer flow of a linearly-stratified fluid with Pr < 1 on an evenly heated semi-infinite vertical plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51(1-2), 327-343.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2008). Unsteady natural convection boundary-layer flow of a linearly-stratified fluid with Pr<1 on an evenly heated semi-infinite vertical plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51, 327-343.
  • Lei, C., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2008). Unsteady natural convection in a water-filled isoceles triangular enclosure heated from below. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51, 2637-2650.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2008). Unsteady natural convection induced by constant surface cooling in a reservoir. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C852-C867.

2007

  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). A numerical simulation of natural convection in an isosceles triangular enclosure heated from below. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C630-C644.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). An Experimental Study of the Thermal Flow around a Thin Fin on the Sidewall of a Differentially Heated Cavity. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2007). Cooling of a Pr < 1 fluid in a rectangular container. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 574, 85-108.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2007). Cooling of a Pr < 1 fluid in a rectangular container. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 574(-), 85-108.
  • Lin, W., Armfield, S., Patterson, J. (2007). Direct simulation of transitional plane fountains in a homogeneous fluid. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48, C692-C708.
  • Saha, S., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). Effect of aspect ratio on natural convection in attics subject to periodic thermal forcing. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C677-C691.
  • Lei, C., Armfield, S., Patterson, J., O'Neill, A. (2007). Effects of Corner Geometry and Adiabatic Extensions on Heat Transfer through a Differentially Heated Square Cavity. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Flow Response to Periodic Forcing in a Reservoir With Water Depth Beyond the Penetration Depth of the Solar Radiation. 8th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference AHMTC 2005, Perth, Western Australia: Begell House Inc.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Flow Response to Periodic Thermal Forcing in a Reservoir with Water Depth beyond the Penetration Depth of Solar Radiation. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 4(1), 29-37.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J., Ozoe, H. (2007). How expensive space-zero-gravity convection experiments can be carried out in terrestrial conditions - magnetic convection of a paramagnetic fluid. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). Natural convection adjacent to a sidewall with three fins in a differentially heated cavity. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C806-C819.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). Natural Convection in a Differentially Heated Cavity with a Square Obstruction on the Sidewall. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 4(1), 77-86.
  • Mao, Y., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Natural convection in a triangular enclosure induced by solar radiation. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Saha, S., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). On the Natural Convection Boundary Layer Adjacent to an Inclined Flat Plate Subject to Ramp Heating. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Bednarz, T., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Particle Image Thermometry for Natural Convection Flows. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Saha, S., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2007). Scaling Analysis of the Thermal Boundary Layer Adjacent to an Abruptly Heated Inclined Flat Plate. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.
  • Armfield, S., Patterson, J., Lin, W. (2007). Scaling investigation of the natural convection boundary layer on an evenly heated plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50(7-8), 1592-1602.
  • Nateghi, M., Patterson, J., Armfield, S. (2007). Stratified natural convection flow in rectangular open cavities. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48, C542-C557.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). The leading edge effect in a suddenly differentially heated cavity. The A N Z I A M Journal, 48(CTAC2006), C790-C805.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2007). Transient Natural Convection in a Differentially Heated Cavity with a Thin Fin of Different Lengths on a Sidewall. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2007, Australia: University of Queensland.

2006

  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Experimental observations of the thermal flow around a square obstruction on a vertical wall in a differentially heated cavity. Experiments in Fluids: experimental methods and their applications to fluid flow, 40(3), 363-371.
  • Saha, S., Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2006). Natural Convection in a Triangular Enclosure Subject to Periodic Thermal Forcing. 13th International Heat Transfer Conference IHTC 2006, Connecticut, USA: Begell House Inc.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2006). Natural Convection Induced by Diurnal Heating and Cooling in a Reservoir with Slowly Varying Topography. Jsme International Journal. Series B: Fluids and Thermal Engineering, 49(3), 605-615.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Observation and Simulation of the Double Layer Structure of the Thermal Boundary Layer in a Side-heated Cavity. 5th Pacific Symposium on Flow Visualization and Image Processing PSFVIP 2005.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Observation and simulation of the double layer structure of the thermal boundary layer in a side-heated cavity. Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing, 13(3), 287-297.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Thermal Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer in a Differentially Heated Cavity with a Thin Fin on the Sidewall. 13th International Heat Transfer Conference IHTC 2006, Connecticut, USA: Begell House Inc.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2006). Visualization of the Thermal Flow Around a Thin Fin on the Hot Wall of a Differentially Heated Rectangular Cavity. ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering FEDSM 2006, United States: American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).

2005

  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2005). Observations of the Thermal Boundary Layer Flow along a Vertical Wall with a Square Obstruction in a Side-heated Cavity. 8th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference AHMTC 2005, Perth, Western Australia: Begell House Inc.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2005). Shadowgraph observations of the transition of the thermal boundary layer in a side-heated cavity. Experiments in Fluids: experimental methods and their applications to fluid flow, 38(6), 770-779.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2005). Simulations of the Natural Convection in a Side-heated Cavity with a Square Obstruction on the Sidewall. 8th Australasian Heat and Mass Transfer Conference AHMTC 2005, Perth, Western Australia: Begell House Inc.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2005). Unsteady natural convection in a triangular enclosure induced by surface cooling. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 26(2), 307-321.
  • Lei, C., Xu, F., Patterson, J. (2005). Visualisation of Natural Convection in an Isosceles Triangular Enclosure Heated from Below. 5th Pacific Symposium on Flow Visualization and Image Processing PSFVIP 2005.

2004

  • Lei, C., Patterson, J., Sha, Y. (2004). Flow Response to Periodic Heating and Cooling in a Reservoir. 15th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2004, Australia: University of Sydney.
  • Xu, F., Patterson, J., Lei, C. (2004). Oscillations of the Horizontal Intrusion in a Side-Heated Cavity. 15th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC 2004, Australia: University of Sydney.

2003

  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2003). A direct stability analysis of a radiation-induced natural convection boundary layer in a shallow wedge. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 480, 161-184.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2003). A direct three-dimensional simulation of radiation-induced natural convection in a shallow wedge. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(7), 1183-1197.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2003). Numerical Visualization of Cooling-Induced Natural Convection in a Wedge. 7th Asian Symposium on Visualization ASV 2003, Singapore: National University of Singapore.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J., Farrow, D. (2003). Thermal Layer Instability in a Shallow Wedge Subject to Solar Radiation. 2nd International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics ICCFD 2002, Germany: Springer.

2002

  • Patterson, J., Graham, T., Schopf, W., Armfield, S. (2002). Boundary layer development on a semi-infinite suddenly heated vertical plate. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 453(Feb), 39-55.
  • Lei, C., Patterson, J. (2002). Unsteady natural convection in a triangular enclosure induced by absorption of radiation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 460, 181-209.
Back to Top

For support on your academic profile contact Research Support.