Books

• Crawford, E. (2021). Non-Binding Norms in International Humanitarian Law: Efficacy, Legitimacy, and Legality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E., Pert, A. (2020). International Humanitarian Law - Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Rothwell, D., Crawford, E. (2017). International Law in Australia - 3rd Edition. Sydney: Thomson Reuters.
• Crawford, E. (2015). Identifying the Enemy: Civilian Participation in Armed Conflict. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E., Pert, A. (2015). International Humanitarian Law. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2010). The Treatment of Combatants and Insurgents under the Law of Armed Conflict. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Edited Books

• Buchan, R., Crawford, E., Liivoja, R. (2025). Law, Language and Warfare. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill - Nijhoff.
• Crawford, E., Pert, A., Saul, B. (2023). Public International Law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [More Information]

Book Chapters

• Crawford, E. (2024). Introduction: On the Nature of Law, Language and Warfare. In Russell Buchan, Emily Crawford and Rain Liivoja (Eds.), Law, Language and Warfare, (pp. 1-5). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill - Nijhoff.
• Crawford, E. (2024). The Adjudication and Findings of Finnmark's Devastation Charge in "Hostage". In Nobuo Hayashi, Carola Lingaas (Eds.), Honest Errors? Combat Decision-Making 75 Years After the "Hostage" Case, (pp. 127-155). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2023). International Humanitarian Law. In Emily Crawford, Alison Pert and Ben Saul (Eds.), Public International Law, (pp. 294-319). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2023). Parole of Prisoners of War under Article 21 of the Third Geneva Convention: Past, Present, and Future. In Michael N. Schmitt and Christopher J. Koschnitzky (Eds.), Prisoners of War in Contemporary Conflict, (pp. 235-252). New York: Oxford University Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2023). Sources of International Law. In Emily Crawford, Alison Pert and Ben Saul (Eds.), Public International Law, (pp. 32-54). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [More Information]
• Brown, C., Crawford, E., Williams, B. (2023). State Responsibility and Diplomatic Protection. In Emily Crawford, Alison Pert and Ben Saul (Eds.), Public International Law, (pp. 180-211). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2022). The Right to Privacy and the Protection of Data for Prisoners of War in Armed Conflict. The Rights to Privacy and Data Protection in Times of Armed Conflict, (pp. 113-130). Estonia: NATO CCDCOE Publications.
• Crawford, E. (2021). Interpreting the Geneva Conventions: subsequent practice instead of treaty amendments? A case study of 'non-international armed conflicts' under Common Article 3. In Heike Krieger and Jonas Puschmann (Eds.), Law-Making and Legitimacy in International Humanitarian Law, (pp. 117-140). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Crawford, E. (2020). Detention in Non-International Armed Conflicts. In Suzannah Linton, Tim McCormack, Sandesh Sivakumaran (Eds.), Asia-Pacific Perspectives on International Humanitarian Law, (pp. 251-266). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2020). The Temporal and Geographic Reach of International Humanitarian Law. In Ben Saul, Dapo Akande (Eds.), The Oxford Guide to International Humanitarian Law, (pp. 57-75). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Crawford, E. (2019). Accounting for the ENMOD convention: Cold war influences on the origins and development of the 1976 convention on environmental modification techniques. In Matthew Craven, Sundhya Pahuja, Gerry Simpson, Anna Saunders (Eds.), International Law and the Cold War, (pp. 81-97). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [More Information]
• Stephens, D., Crawford, E. (2019). Emerging Technologies and Areas of Operation in Cyber and Outer Space. In Robin Creyke, Dale Stephens, Peter Sutherland (Eds.), Military Law in Australia, (pp. 211-218). Sydney: The Federation Press.
• Crawford, E. (2018). Who Is a Civilian? Membership of Opposition Groups and Direct Participation in Hostilities. In Mark Lattimer, Philippe Sands (Eds.), The Grey Zone: Civilian Protection Between Human Rights and the Laws of War, (pp. 19-40). Oxford: Hart Publishing. [More Information]
• Conley Tyler, M., Crawford, E., Scott, S. (2017). Australia's International Personality: Historical, Legal and Policy Perspectives. In Donald R. Rothwell, Emily Crawford (Eds.), International Law in Australia - 3rd Edition, (pp. 1-22). Sydney: Thomson Reuters.
• Crawford, E. (2017). The Principle of Distinction and Remote Warfare. In Jens David Ohlin (Eds.), Research Handbook on Remote Warfare, (pp. 50-78). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2016). Combatants. In Rain Liivoja, Tim McCormack (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict, (pp. 123-138). London: Routledge. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2016). Convergence of Norms across the Spectrum of Armed Conflicts: International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law. In Gregory Rose, Bruce Oswald (Eds.), Detention of Non-State Actors Engaged in Hostilities: The Future Law, (pp. 7-22). Leiden: Brill. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2014). International Humanitarian Law in the Courts of Australia. In Derek Jinks, Jackson N. Maogoto, Solon Solomon (Eds.), Applying International Humanitarian Law in Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Bodies: International and Domestic Aspects, (pp. 335-353). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2014). Terrorism and targeted killings under international law. In B Saul (Eds.), Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism, (pp. 250-270). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2013). Monism and Dualism - An Australian Perspective. In Marko Novakovic (Eds.), Basic Concepts of Public International Law - Monism and Dualism, (pp. 710-728). Belgrade: Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade, et al.
• Crawford, E., Rayfuse, R. (2012). Climate Change and Statehood. In R Rayfuse and S Scott (Eds.), International Law in the Era of Climate Change, (pp. 243-253). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. [More Information]

Journals

• Crawford, E. (2024). Narratives and Counter-Narratives of International Law in the Gift Shops of the Peace Palace and United Nations. Heidelberg Journal of International Law, 84(3), 437-456. [More Information]
• Arcioni, E., Crawford, E. (2024). Not one constitution but three constitutions in a trench coat. Meanjin, 83(2).
• Crawford, E., Lukin, A., Mowbray, J. (2023). The Terminology of the Law of Warfare: A Linguistic Analysis of State Practice. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 14, 197-222. [More Information]
• Fellmeth, A., Crawford, E. (2022). "Reason to know" in the international law of command responsibility. International Review of the Red Cross, 104(919), 1223-1266. [More Information]
• Crawford, E., Fellmeth, A. (2022). Command Responsibility in the Brereton Report: Fissures in the Understanding and Interpretation of the 'Knowledge' Element in Australian Law. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 23(1), 164-188.
• Crawford, E. (2022). Interview with Emily Crawford. International Review of the Red Cross, 104(920-921), 1561-1570. [More Information]
• Baghoomians, I., Crawford, E., Mowbray, J. (2022). The Teaching of Public International Law in Australian Law Schools: 2021 and Beyond. Adelaide Law Review, 43(1), 7-35.
• Buchan, R., Crawford, E., Liivoja, R. (2021). Editorial. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 12(1), 1-3. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2021). Review: Neve Gordon and Nicola Perugini, "Human Shields: A History of People in the Line of Fire". Berkeley: University of California Press, 2020. Journal of the History of International Law, 23, 234-236. [More Information]
• Buchan, R., Crawford, E., Liivoja, R. (2020). International Law in a Time of Pandemic. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 11(2), 187-191. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2018). The Enduring Legacy of the St Petersburg Declaration: Distinction, Military Necessity, and the Prohibition of Causing Unnecessary Suffering and Superfluous Injury in IHL. Journal of the History of International Law, 20(4), 544-566. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2018). The ICTR and its Contribution to the Revivification of International Criminal Law. Journal of International Peacekeeping, 22, 233-246. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2017). Tracing the Historical and Legal Development of the Levee En Masse in the Law of Armed Conflict. Journal of the History of International Law, 19(3), 329-361. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2016). From Inter-state and Symmetric to Intra-state and Asymmetric: Changing Methods of Warfare and the Law of Armed Conflict in the 100 Years Since World War One. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, 17(2014), 95-118. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2016). Non-Binding Instruments in International Humanitarian Law - Questions of Efficacy and Legitimacy. Soochow Law Journal, 13(2), 153-184.
• Crawford, E. (2015). Book Review: Advanced introduction to international humanitarian law, by Robert Kolb, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2014, 264 pp., £75.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-78347-751-7. Global Change, Peace and Security, 27(3), 395-396. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2015). Book Review: Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in Armed Conflict, by Gilles Giacca, (Oxford University Press, 2014), 320 pages, hardback, £70, ISBN: 978-0-19-871744-7. European Human Rights Law Review, 2015 (5), 552-553.
• Crawford, E., Davies, K. (2014). The International Protection of Journalists in Times of Armed Conflict: the Campaign for a Press Emblem. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 32(1).
• Lewis, M., Crawford, E. (2013). Drones and Distinction: How IHL Encouraged the Rise of Drones. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 44(3), 1127-1166.
• Davies, K., Crawford, E. (2013). Legal Avenues for Ending Impunity for the Death of Journalists in Conflict Zones: Current and Proposed International Agreements. International Journal of Communication, 7, 2157-2177.
• Crawford, E. (2013). Virtual Battlegrounds: Direct Participation in Cyber Warfare. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, 9(1), 1-19.
• Brown, S., Choi, S., Crawford, E., Schwartz, S., Stephens, T. (2012). Australian Cases before Australian Courts and Tribunals Involving Questions of Public International Law 2010. Australian Yearbook of International Law, 31, 133-147.
• Brown, S., Choi, S., Crawford, E., Schwartz, S., Stephens, T. (2012). Australian Cases before Australian Courts and Tribunals Involving Questions of Public International Law 2011. Australian Yearbook of International Law, 31, 149-165.
• Crawford, E., Stephens, T. (2012). Australian Cases before International Courts and Tribunals Involving Questions of Public International Law 2010. Australian Yearbook of International Law, 31, 167-171.
• Crawford, E., Hutton, G., Stephens, T. (2012). Australian Cases before International Courts and Tribunals Involving Questions of Public International Law 2011. Australian Yearbook of International Law, 31, 173-177.
• Crawford, E. (2012). International humanitarian law. Hot Topics: legal issues in plain language, 80, 1-27.
• Crawford, E. (2012). Regulating the Irregular: International Humanitarian Law and the Question of Civilian Participation in Armed Conflicts. U.C. Davis Journal of International Law and Policy, 18(1), 163-190.
• Crawford, E. (2012). Review: The Law of Targeting By William H Boothby. British Year Book of International Law, 83, 178-179. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2012). Road to Nowhere? The Future for a Declaration on Fundamental Standards of Humanity. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 3(1), 43-72. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2009). Book Review: The Least Worst Place: Guantanamo's First 100 Days. Law and Politics Book Review, 19(10), 771-773.
• Crawford, E. (2008). Blurring the Lines between International and Non-International Armed Conflicts: The Evolution of Customary International Law Applicable in Internal Armed Conflicts. Australian International Law Journal, 15, 29-54.
• Crawford, E. (2008). Book Review: An Introduction to the International Law of Armed Conflicts. Australian International Law Journal, 15, 297-298.
• Crawford, E. (2008). Book Review: The Use of Nuclear Weapons and the Protection of the Environment during International Armed Conflict. Australian International Law Journal, 15, 299-300.
• Crawford, E. (2007). Unequal before the Law: The Case for the Elimination of the Distinction between International and Non-international Armed Conflicts. Leiden Journal of International Law, 20(2), 441-465.
• Crawford, E. (2006). The Modern Relevance of the Martens Clause. Indian Society of International Law Yearbook of International Humanitarian and Refugee Law, 6, 1-18.

Conferences

• Crawford, E. (2019). The New Commentaries on the Geneva Conventions: An Academic Perspective. Third Israel Defense Forces International Conference on the Law of Armed Conflict, Herzliya, Israel: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2018). Non-Binding Norms and New Technologies in IHL. 78th Biennial Conference of the International Law Association, Sydney, NSW: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2016). Do New Technologies Hinder or Help Adherence to IHL? ICRC Regional Conference on International Humanitarian Law on New Technologies & Weapons, Means and Methods Of Warfare: Challenges For International Humanitarian Law, Seoul, Korea: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2016). Non-Binding Instruments in International Humanitarian Law - Questions of Efficacy and Legitimacy. Soochow Law School Conference on International and Comparative Law, Taipei, Taiwan: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2016). The Cold War and International Law - How Do We Account for the ENMOD Convention? Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law Annual Conference, Canberra, ACT: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2015). Interpreting the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols: Subsequent Practice Instead of Treaty Amendments? Legitimacy and Law-Making in International Humanitarian Law, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2013). International Humanitarian Law: 2012 The Year in Review. Sydney Centre for International Law Conference: International Law: The Year in Review, Faculty of Law, University of Sydney: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2013). Movable and Immovable Property in Armed Conflict - A Sliding Scale of Protection. Geneva/Harvard/Renmin/Sydney Universities Conference, University of Geneva: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2013). Virtual Battlegrounds: Cyber warfare and the law of war. TC Beirne School of Law Research Seminar Series 2013: Semester 2, St Lucia, Qld: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2012). Distinction, Targeting, and Direct Participation in Remote Warfare. 2012 ANZSIL Conference, Victoria University, Wellington: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2012). Principle of Distinction and the Legality of Nuclear Weapons under International Law. Australian Red Cross and Flinders University Law School Conference: Make Nuclear Weapons the Target, Flinders University: Presentation.
• Crawford, E., Lewis, M. (2012). Virtual Battlegrounds: Distinction, Targeting, and Computer-Based Warfare in the 21st Century. American Society of International Law Mid-Year Meeting – ASIL Research Forum, University of Georgia: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2011). Convergence of Norms across the Spectrum of Armed Conflicts – International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law. Detention of Non-State Actors Engaged in Hostilities – The Future Law, University of Wollongong: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2011). Cyber War – A Challenge to Distinction. 24th US Pacific Command Military Operations Conference, Gold Coast, Queensland: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2011). The Corporatization of Conflict – Private Military Companies and IHL. AFLANZ Conference, Law Faculty, University of Melbourne: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2011). The End of IHL: Regulating Irregular Participation in Armed Conflict. 2011 ANZSIL Conference, Australian National University: Presentation.
• Crawford, E. (2006). Unequal Before the Law: The Case for the Elimination of the Distinction Between International and Non-International Armed Conflict. 2006 ANZSIL Postgraduate Workshop, ANZSIL Conference, Victoria University, Wellington: Presentation.

Exhibitions / Events

• Crawford, E., Mowbray, J., Joyce, D., Hohmann, J. (2023). At the Vanishing Point: Encounters with the Souvenirs, Merchandise and Memorabilia of International Law. Sydney, Australia: Fisher Library, The University of Sydney. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2022). Iconic: The Use and Misuse of the Red Cross Emblem. Fisher Library, Sydney, Australia: The University of Sydney Fisher Library.

Magazine / Newspaper Articles

• Crawford, E. (2016). Explainer: Why Protecting the Red Cross Emblem Matters. The Conversation. [More Information]
• Crawford, E. (2016). No Kevin '17: Turnbull opts not to back Rudd for the UN's top job. The Conversation. [More Information]
• Thwaites, R., Crawford, E. (2015). Who exactly makes the call on conduct that revokes citizenship? New bill doesn't say. The Conversation. [More Information]

Other

• Anton, D., Breau, S., Crawford, E., de Jong, A., Joseph, S., Kinley, D., Kyriakakis, J., Nolan, J., Stephens, T., Zagor, M. (2012), In the Supreme Court of the United States: Esther Kiobel, et al. v Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., et al. - Supplemental Brief Of Australian International Law Scholars, Amici Curiae In Support Of Petitioners.