%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Grunseit, Anne Carolyn
%A Chau, Josephine Yuk-Yin
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde Pieter
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T "Thinking on your feet": A qualitative evaluation of sit-stand desks in an Australian workplace.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 13
%N 1
%P 365
%@ 1471-2458
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111705


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chapman, Kathryn
%A Innes-Hughes, Christine
%A Goldsbury, David
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret
%T A comparison of the cost of generic and branded food products in Australian supermarkets.
%B Public Health Nutrition
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 16
%N 5
%P 894-900
%@ 1368-9800
%X OBJECTIVE: Food cost is an important factor influencing the consumption of nutritious foods and subsequent chronic disease risk. The present study compared the cost of branded food products with their generic equivalents across a range of food categories. SETTING: The survey was conducted within two major supermarket chains across six locations in Sydney, Australia (n 12). DESIGN: Price differences were calculated for ''core'' (nutrient dense and low in energy) and ''extra'' (high in undesirable nutrients and/or energy) packaged foods (n 22) between generic and branded items. RESULTS: A cost saving of 44 % was found by purchasing generic over branded products across all food categories. The most significant savings were for core foods, such as bread and cereals, and the smallest cost savings were seen for fruit products. There was little variation in cost saving between branded and generic products by socio-economic status of the supermarket location. CONCLUSIONS: The large price differential between branded and generic food products implies that consumers, particularly those on lower incomes, could benefit financially from purchasing generic items. The promotion of core generic products may be an effective strategy to assist people on lower incomes to meet dietary guidelines.
%Z FOR Codes: 111104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Russell, Joanna
%A Flood, Victoria
%A Rochtchina, Elena
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Adherence to dietary guidelines and 15-year risk of all-cause mortality.
%B British Journal of Nutrition
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 109
%N 3
%P 547-555
%@ 0007-1145
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A O'Hara, Blythe J
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Eakin, Elizabeth G
%A Develin, Elizabeth
%A Smith, Joanne
%A Greenaway, Mark
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Effectiveness of Australia's Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service®: maintenance of self-reported anthropometric and behavioural changes after program completion.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2013
%C United States
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 13
%N 
%P 175
%@ 1471-2458
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A O'Hara, Blythe J
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Eakin, Elizabeth G
%A King, Lesley
%A Haas, Marion
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret
%A Owen, Neville
%A Cardona-Morell, Magnolia
%A Farrell, Louise
%A Milat, Andrew J
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%T Evaluation Framework for Translational Research: Case Study of Australia's Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service(R).
%B Health Promotion Practice
%D 2013
%C United States
%I Sage Publications, Inc.
%V 14
%N 3
%P 380-389
%@ 1524-8399
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T Views of children and parents on limiting unhealthy food, drink and alcohol sponsorship of elite and children's sports.
%B Public Health Nutrition
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 16
%N 1
%P 130-135
%@ 1368-9800
%X OBJECTIVE: To determine parents'' and children''s attitudes towards food, beverage and alcohol sponsorship of elite and children''s sports and the acceptability of policies and alternative funding models to limit this sponsorship. DESIGN: Telephone surveys were conducted with parents in February-May 2011. One child from each household was invited to complete an online survey. Surveys assessed parents'' perceptions about the influence of sponsorship on children and support for limiting sponsorship, and children''s awareness of and attitudes towards sponsors. SETTING: Randomly sampled households in New South Wales, Australia. SUBJECTS: Parents (n 825) and children aged 10-16 years (n 243). RESULTS: Three-quarters of parents supported the introduction of policies to restrict unhealthy food, beverage and alcohol sponsorship of children''s and elite sports. More parents (81 %) supported the introduction of alternative funding models to allow these companies to sponsor sport provided there was no visible branding. Two-thirds of children recalled sponsors of their favourite elite sports team/athlete, with 428 sponsors recalled. Of these, 11 % were food/beverage companies and 3 % were alcohol-related. For 39 % of sponsors, children reported feeling better about the company after it had sponsored a team/athlete. CONCLUSIONS: Australian parents support restrictions on unhealthy food, beverage and alcohol sport sponsorship. Children''s positive associations regarding sponsors are likely to be linked to brand preferences and usage.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111403 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Rissel, Chris
%T "Where have all the bicycles gone?" Are bicycle sales in Australia translated into health-enhancing levels of bicycle usage?
%B Preventive Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 54
%N 2
%P 145-147
%@ 0091-7435
%X To explore whether the reported increase in bicycle sales in Australia is corroborated by increases in numbers of cyclists.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Macniven, Rona
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Abouzeid, Marian
%T A review of population-based prevalence studies of physical activity in adults in the Asia-Pacific region.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 
%P 41
%@ 1471-2458
%X Physical activity (PA) surveillance is an important component of non-communicable disease risk factor monitoring, and occurs through national and international surveillance systems. This review identifies population PA estimates for adults in the Asia-Pacific region, and examines variation in trends and prevalence rates obtained using different PA measures.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Siefken, Katja
%A Macniven, Rona
%A Schofield, Grant
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Waqanivalu, Temo
%T A stocktake of physical activity programs in the Pacific Islands.
%B Health Promotion International
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Oxford University Press
%V 27
%N 2
%P 197-207
%@ 0957-4824
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Khambalia, Amina
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Accuracy of weight perception, life-style behaviours and psychological distress among overweight and obese adolescents.
%B Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom, Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 48
%N 3
%P 220-227
%@ 1034-4810
%X To compare overweight and obese adolescents with accurate and inaccurate self-reported weight perception across a range of behaviours and measures of psychological well-being.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lane, Aoife
%A Murphy, Niamh
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Chey, Tien
%T Active for a day: predictors of relapse among previously active mass event participants.
%B Journal of Physical Activity & Health
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 9
%N 1
%P 48-52
%@ 1543-5474
%X To promote maintenance of sufficient physical activity (PA), better understanding of factors associated with behavioral relapse is needed.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Curac, Nada
%A King, Lesley
%A Venugopal, Kamalesh
%A Merom, Dafna
%T Active, healthy cities - how does population physical activity vary between Australian cities?
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 23
%N 3
%P 201-207
%@ 1036-1073
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Grunseit, Anne C
%A Macniven, Rona
%A Orr, Rhonda
%A Grassmayr, Matt
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Davies, Daniel
%A Colagiuri, Stephen
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Australian athletes' health behaviours and perceptions of role modelling and marketing of unhealthy products.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 23
%N 1
%P 63-69
%@ 1036-1073
%X Issue addressed: This study examined Australian athletes'' support for athletes'' role in promoting physical activity and obesity prevention, the acceptability of unhealthy products promotion in sport, and their own health behaviours. Methods: Surveys were conducted with (n = 1990) elite and sub-elite athletes recruited from 22 sports across Australia. Athletes'' perceptions and behaviours were analysed across demographic and sport-related factors (e.g. individual vs team sport) and correlations calculated between perceptions and health behaviours. Results: Most respondents supported a role for athletes in promoting physical activity and obesity prevention, and disagreed that athletes should promote unhealthy foods and alcohol (73.9%). Athletes reported low smoking rates, but high rates of binge drinking. Female, younger, individual and amateur athletes had more health-positive perceptions and healthier behaviours than older, male, team and professional athletes. More sympathy towards junk food and alcohol advertising in sport and less support for athletes as role models were associated with more unhealthy behaviours. Conclusions: Elite athletes are receptive to supporting health promotion through sport and many are not in agreement with the promotion of unhealthy products in sport or by sports people. Improving elite athletes'' health behaviours would benefit not only the individual but also health promotion within elite sport.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Reis, Rodrigo S
%A Sallis, James F
%A Wells, Jonathan C
%A Loos, Ruth Jf
%A Martin, Brian W
%A , for the Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group
%T Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?
%B Lancet
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I The Lancet Publishing Group
%V 380
%N 9838
%P 258-271
%@ 0140-6736
%X Physical inactivity is an important contributor to non-communicable diseases in countries of high income, and increasingly so in those of low and middle income. Understanding why people are physically active or inactive contributes to evidence-based planning of public health interventions, because effective programmes will target factors known to cause inactivity. Research into correlates (factors associated with activity) or determinants (those with a causal relationship) has burgeoned in the past two decades, but has mostly focused on individual-level factors in high-income countries. It has shown that age, sex, health status, self-efficacy, and motivation are associated with physical activity. Ecological models take a broad view of health behaviour causation, with the social and physical environment included as contributors to physical inactivity, particularly those outside the health sector, such as urban planning, transportation systems, and parks and trails. New areas of determinants research have identified genetic factors contributing to the propensity to be physically active, and evolutionary factors and obesity that might predispose to inactivity, and have explored the longitudinal tracking of physical activity throughout life. An understanding of correlates and determinants, especially in countries of low and middle income, could reduce the effect of future epidemics of inactivity and contribute to effective global prevention of non-communicable diseases.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chau, Josephine Y
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Chey, Tien
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Cross-sectional associations between occupational and leisure-time sitting, physical activity and obesity in working adults.
%B Preventive Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 54
%N 3-4
%P 195-200
%@ 0091-7435
%X AIM: To examine associations between occupational and leisure-time sitting, physical activity and obesity in working adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from workers from the 2007-08 Australian National Health Survey (n=10,785). Participants reported their activity at work (mostly sitting, standing, walking, or heavy labor), transport-related walking, leisure-time sitting and physical activity. Body mass index was objectively measured. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models examined associations between occupational activity category, leisure-time sitting, physical activity and obesity risk. RESULTS: Substantial proportions of men (42%) and women (47%) mostly sit at work. Workers with sitting jobs were significantly more likely to be sufficiently active during leisure-time than workers with mostly standing, walking or heavy labor jobs (RR=0.88, 0.80, 0.86 respectively). Workers with mostly sitting jobs had significantly higher overweight/obesity risk than workers with mostly standing jobs (RR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95) independent of physical activity and leisure-time sitting. Workers with leisure-time sitting of less than four hours per day had significantly lower obesity risk than workers with four or more hours per day of leisure-time sitting (RR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.69-0.87) independent of physical activity and occupational activity. CONCLUSIONS: Sitting time and physical activity are independently associated with obesity. Leisure-time sitting may have a stronger association with obesity risk than occupational sitting.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 110604 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wise, Marilyn
%A Massi, Luciana
%A Rose, Miranda
%A Nancarrow, Hannah
%A Conigrave, Katherine
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Hearn, Shane
%T Developing and implementing a state-wide Aboriginal health promotion program: the process and factors influencing successful delivery.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 23
%N 1
%P 25-29
%@ 1036-1073
%X Issue addressed: The prevalence of smoking among the adult Aboriginal population is almost double that of the non-Aboriginal population. Research shows smoking cessation brief interventions have a positive impact on quit attempts. However, examples of statewide, Aboriginal-led initiatives that ensure health service delivery of brief intervention to all Aboriginal clients are limited. Methods: Guidance from an Aboriginal chief investigator and key health stakeholders supported the development of the NSW SmokeCheck Program. One component of the program was the establishment of a state-wide network of Aboriginal Health Workers (AHWs) and other health professional participants. Another was a culturally specific training program to strengthen the knowledge, skills, and confidence of participants to provide an evidence-based brief smoking-cessation intervention to Aboriginal clients. The brief intervention was based on the transtheoretical model of behaviour change, adapted for use in Aboriginal communities. Results: SmokeCheck training reached 35.5% of the total NSW AHW workforce over a 15-month period. More than 90% of participants surveyed indicated satisfaction with the curriculum content, workshop structure and training delivery, agreeing that they found it relevant, easy to understand and applicable to practice. Conclusions: An evidence-based approach to designing and delivering an Aboriginal-specific health promotion intervention appears to have facilitated the development of a state-wide network of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal health professionals and strengthened their capacity to deliver a brief smoking cessation intervention with Aboriginal clients.
%Z FOR Codes: 111701 111716 130209


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Laws, Rachel A
%A St George, Alexis B
%A Rychetnik, Lucie
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Diabetes prevention research: a systematic review of external validity in lifestyle interventions.
%B American Journal of Preventive Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 43
%N 2
%P 205-214
%@ 0749-3797
%X Type 2 diabetes is a major contributor to disease burden globally. A number of systematic reviews support the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in preventing Type 2 diabetes in adults; however, relatively little attention has been paid to the generalizability of study findings. This study systematically reviews the reporting of external validity components and generalizability of diabetes prevention studies.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A O'Hara, Blythe J
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Venugopal, Kamalesh
%A Eakin, Elizabeth G
%A Eggins, Dianne
%A Caterson, Hugh
%A King, Lesley
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret
%A Haas, Marion
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Effectiveness of Australia's Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service®: Translational research with population wide impact.
%B Preventive Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 55
%N 4
%P 292-298
%@ 1096-0260
%X OBJECTIVE: With increasing rates of non-communicable disease, there is a need for implementing population-wide, evidence-based interventions for improving behavioural risk factors. Telephone-based interventions provide one option. This study reports on the evaluation of the Australia''s Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service??, to improve lifestyle behaviours, amongst a population-wide sample who completed the 6-month coaching programme. METHODS: Using a pre-post design, New South Wales participants who completed telephone-based coaching between February 2009 and December 2011 were included. Outcomes comprised self-reported weight, waist circumference, height, physical activity and dietary behaviours. Matched pair analyses and multivariate modelling were performed to assess behavioural changes. RESULTS: Participants (n=1440) reported statistically significant improvements in weight (-3.9kg (5.1)); waist circumference (-5.0cm (6.0)); and Body Mass Index (-1.4 BMI units (1.8)); number of walking and moderate-vigorous physical activity sessions of ???30min per week; number of vigorous physical activity sessions of ???20min per week and servings of vegetables; fruit; take-away meals and sweetened drinks (all p<0.001). Improvements in weight, waist, moderate physical activity, fruit and vegetable and take-away meals consumption remained significant after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the effectiveness of replicating an evidence-based intervention in improving population risk factors for chronic disease.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Blair, Steven N
%T Everyone could enjoy the "survival advantage" of elite athletes.
%B BMJ
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 345
%N 
%P e8338
%@ 1756-1833
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rangul, Vegar
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Holmen, Turid Lingaas
%A Midthjell, Kristian
%T Is physical activity maintenance from adolescence to young adulthood associated with reduced CVD risk factors, improved mental health and satisfaction with life: the HUNT Study, Norway.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 9
%N 
%P 144
%@ 1479-5868
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lowres, Nicole
%A Neubeck, Lis
%A Freedman, S Ben
%A Briffa, Tom
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Redfern, Julie
%T Lifestyle risk reduction interventions in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.
%B European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Sage Publications Ltd.
%V 19
%N 5
%P 1091-1100
%@ 1741-8275
%X Background: The burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) is escalating even though it is potentially modifiable. Affected persons, at high risk of stroke and death, are typically not targeted for risk reduction. We aimed to determine if risk-factor interventions can improve physical functioning, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and cardiovascular risk in AF. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials evaluating lifestyle and biomedical risk reduction interventions in AF patients. Trials were identified by searching electronic databases, reference lists and grey literature. Trials were included if conducted by a health professional, and reported changes in multiple risk factor levels or HRQoL. Results: Five trials, solely exercise based, were identified (166 participants): two randomised controlled trials, one quasi-experimental and two pre-post designs. Exercise capacity improved after 2-12 months in the intervention group in all trials. This was assessed by maximal oxygen uptake (two trials, 2.5-5.4 ml/kg/min (17-32%) improvement, p < 0.02); six-minute walking distance (one trial, 114 m (27%) improvement, p < 0.001); cumulated work (one trial, 564 W/min (37%) improvement, p < 0.001) and incremental exercise testing (one trial, 11 m/min (10%) improvement, p = 0.05). Three trials evaluated heart rate (HR), demonstrating HR reduction at rest (7-13 bpm, p < 0.05) and during exercise (9 bpm, p< 0.05). Two trials measured HRQoL, both reporting significant improvements in SF-36 physical summary scores. Conclusions: Literature suggests risk reduction interventions for AF can improve exercise levels, HRQoL and reduce HR, but the evidence base is small, methodologically compromised and focused on physical functioning. High-quality research in this area is required in order to help the multitudes of people living with AF.
%Z FOR Codes: 1103 1102


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Neubeck, Lis
%A Freedman, S Ben
%A Clark, Alexander M
%A Briffa, Tom
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Redfern, Julie
%T Participating in cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative data.
%B European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Sage Publications Ltd.
%V 19
%N 3
%P 494-503
%@ 1741-8267
%X Background: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) benefits patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), yet worldwide only some 15-30% of those eligible attend. To improve understanding of the reasons for poor participation we undertook a systematic review and meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature. Methods: Qualitative studies identifying patient barriers and enablers to attendance at CR were identified by searching multiple electronic databases, reference lists, relevant conference lists, grey literature, and keyword searching of the internet (1990-2010). Studies were selected if they included patients with CHD and reviewed experience or understanding about CR. Meta-synthesis was used to review the papers and to synthesize the data. Results: From 1165 papers, 34 unique studies were included after screening. These included 1213 patients from eight countries. Study methodology included interviews (n = 25), focus groups (n = 5), and mixed-methods (n = 4). Key reasons for not attending CR were physical barriers, such as lack of transport, or financial cost, and personal barriers, such as embarrassment about participation, or misunderstanding the reasons for onset of CHD or the purpose of CR. Conclusions: There is a vast amount of qualitative research which investigates patients'' reasons for non-attendance at CR. Key issues include system-level and patient-level barriers, which are potentially modifiable. Future research would best be directed at investigating strategies to overcome these barriers.
%Z FOR Codes: 110201 111716 111004


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Curac, Nada
%A Greenaway, Mark
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Physical activity associated with public transport use-a review and modelling of potential benefits.
%B International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
%D 2012
%C Switzerland
%I M D P I AG
%V 9
%N 7
%P 2454-2478
%@ 1660-4601
%X Active travel, particularly walking and cycling, has been recommended because of the health benefits associated with increased physical activity. Use of public transport generally involves some walking to bus stops or train stations. This paper is a systematic review of how much time is spent in physical activity among adults using public transport. It also explores the potential effect on the population level of physical activity if inactive adults in NSW, Australia, increased their walking through increased use of public transport. Of 1,733 articles, 27 met the search criteria, and nine reported on absolute measures of physical activity associated with public transport. A further 18 papers reported on factors associated with physical activity as part of public transport use. A range of 8-33 additional minutes of walking was identified from this systematic search as being attributable to public transport use. Using "bootstrapping" statistical modelling, if 20% of all inactive adults increased their walking by only 16 minutes a day for five days a week, we predict there would be a substantial 6.97% increase in the proportion of the adult population considered "sufficiently active". More minutes walked per day, or a greater uptake of public transport by inactive adults would likely lead to significantly greater increases in the adult population considered sufficiently active.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Pye, Victoria
%A Macniven, Rona
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde
%A Milat, Andrew
%A Sherrington, Catherine
%A Lord, Stephen
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Prevalence and correlates of participation in fall prevention exercise/physical activity by older adults.
%B Preventive Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 55
%N 6
%P 613-617
%@ 0091-7435
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Sugiyama, Takemi
%A Merom, Dafna
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Corpuz, Grace
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Owen, Neville
%T Prolonged sitting in cars: prevalence, socio-demographic variations, and trends.
%B Preventive Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 55
%N 4
%P 315-318
%@ 0091-7435
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111712 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T Restricting unhealthy food sponsorship: Attitudes of the sporting community.
%B Health Policy
%D 2012
%C Ireland
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 104
%N 3
%P 288-295
%@ 1872-6054
%X OBJECTIVES: Sponsorship is recognised as a significant marketing tool and restricting unhealthy food sponsorship of children''s sport has been recommended by leading health agencies as a contribution towards preventing childhood obesity. This study aimed to determine the junior sporting community''s support for policy interventions to restrict unhealthy food sponsorship. METHODS: Sports clubs known to have food sponsors and representing the most popular sports for Australian children across a range of demographic areas were recruited. Interview-based questionnaires were conducted at clubs with parents (n=200) and officials (n=20), and with governing sporting associations (n=20). Questionnaires measured respondents'' attitudes towards sponsorship and support for sponsorship regulations. RESULTS: Many officials and parents perceived children to be ''very'' influenced by elite sport sponsorship (65% of association officials, 53% of parents and 45% of club officials). Children were thought to be less influenced by sponsorship of their own sporting clubs (10%, 11% and 10%, respectively). However, 50% of officials and 70% of parents supported restrictions to children''s sport sponsorship. Respondents were most supportive of restricting the use of unhealthy food logos on children''s uniforms. CONCLUSIONS: Restricting unhealthy food sponsorship is supported by the sporting community and policy change is needed to reduce the perceived impact of this marketing. Alternative funding mechanisms have the potential to maintain sport funding whist reducing promotional opportunities for unhealthy food.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111712 111104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lowres, Nicole
%A Freedman, Saul Benedict
%A Redfern, Julie
%A McLachlan, Andrew
%A Krass, Ines
%A Bennett, Alexandra
%A Briffa, Thomas
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Neubeck, Lis
%T Screening Education And Recognition in Community pHarmacies of Atrial Fibrillation to prevent stroke in an ambulant population aged >=65 years (SEARCH-AF stroke prevention study): a cross-sectional study protocol.
%B BMJ Open
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 2
%N 3
%P e001355
%@ 2044-6055
%X BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a high risk of stroke and may often be asymptomatic. AF is commonly undiagnosed until patients present with sequelae, such as heart failure and stroke. Stroke secondary to AF is highly preventable with the use of appropriate thromboprophylaxis. Therefore, early identification and appropriate evidence-based management of AF could lead to subsequent stroke prevention. This study aims to determine the feasibility and impact of a community pharmacy-based screening programme focused on identifying undiagnosed AF in people aged 65 years and older. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This cross-sectional study of community-based screening to identify undiagnosed AF will evaluate the feasibility of screening for AF using a pulse palpation and handheld single-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) device. 10 community pharmacies will be recruited and trained to implement the screening protocol, targeting a total of 1000 participants. The primary outcome is the proportion of people newly identified with AF at the completion of the screening programme. Secondary outcomes include level of agreement between the pharmacist''s and the cardiologist''s interpretation of the single-lead ECG; level of agreement between irregular rhythm identified with pulse palpation and with the single-lead ECG. Process outcomes related to sustainability of the screening programme beyond the trial setting, pharmacist knowledge of AF and rate of uptake of referral to full ECG evaluation and cardiology review will also be collected. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Primary ethics approval was received on 26 March 2012 from Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee-Concord Repatriation General Hospital zone. Results will be disseminated via forums including, but not limited to, peer-reviewed publication and presentation at national and international conferences. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12612000406808.
%Z FOR Codes: 110201 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Chey, Tien
%A Korda, Rosemary J
%A Banks, Emily
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Sitting time and all-cause mortality risk in 222 497 Australian adults.
%B Archives of Internal Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Medical Association
%V 172
%N 6
%P 494-500
%@ 0003-9926
%X Prolonged sitting is considered detrimental to health, but evidence regarding the independent relationship of total sitting time with all-cause mortality is limited. This study aimed to determine the independent relationship of sitting time with all-cause mortality.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Khan, Karim M
%A Thompson, Angela M
%A Blair, Steven N
%A Sallis, James F
%A Powell, Kenneth E
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Sport and exercise as contributors to the health of nations.
%B Lancet
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I The Lancet Publishing Group
%V 380
%N 9836
%P 59-64
%@ 0140-6736
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chau, Josephine Y
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Grunseit, Anne
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%T Temporal trends in non-occupational sedentary behaviours from Australian Time Use Surveys 1992, 1997 and 2006.
%B International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 9
%N 1
%P 76
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Current epidemiological data highlight the potential detrimental associations between sedentary behaviours and health outcomes, yet little is known about temporal trends in adult sedentary time. This study used time use data to examine population trends in sedentary behaviours in non-occupational domains and more specifically during leisure time. METHODS: We conducted secondary analysis of population representative data from the Australian Time Use Surveys 1992, 1997 and 2006 involving respondents aged 20 years and over with completed time use diaries for two days. Weighted samples for each survey year were: n¿=¿5851 (1992), n¿=¿6419 (1997) and n¿=¿5505 (2006). We recoded all primary activities by domain (sleep, occupational, transport, leisure, household, education) and intensity (sedentary, light, moderate). Adjusted multiple linear regressions tested for differences in time spent in non-occupational sedentary behaviours in 1992 and 1997 with 2006 as the reference year. RESULTS: Total non-occupational sedentary time was slightly lower in 1997 than in 2006 (mean¿=¿894 min/2d and 906 min/2d, respectively; B¿=¿¿11.2; 95%CI: -21.5, -0.9). Compared with 2006, less time was spent in 1997 in sedentary transport (B-6.7; 95%CI: -10.4, -3.0) and sedentary education (B¿=¿¿6.3; 95%CI: -10.5, -2.2) while household and leisure sedentary time remained stable. Time engaged in different types of leisure-time sedentary activities changed between 1997 and 2006: leisure-time computer use increased (B¿=¿¿26.7; 95%CI: -29.5, -23.8), while other leisure-time sedentary behaviours (e.g., reading, listening to music, hobbies and crafts) showed small concurrent reductions. In 1992, leisure screen time was lower than in 2006: TV-viewing (B¿=¿¿24.2; 95%CI: -31.2, -17.2), computer use (B¿=¿¿35.3; 95%CI: -37.7, -32.8). In 2006, 90 % of leisure time was spent sedentary, of which 53 % was screen time. CONCLUSIONS: Non-occupational sedentary time has increased slightly from 1997 to 2006 in the Australian adult population. This seems to be the result of small increases in sedentary transport and education time while sedentary household and leisure time were stable over this time period. However, almost all leisure time is spent sedentary and the composition of sedentary leisure time changed between 1992 and 2006 towards a larger proportion being screen-based activities. This could be an important observation for public health, as most of the evidence on the detrimental effects of sedentary behaviour is around watching television and health.
%Z FOR Codes: 111705


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Milat, Andrew J
%A King, Lesley
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Redman, Sally
%T The case for funding more intervention research in public health - policy maker and researcher perspectives.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 36
%N 6
%P 582-583
%@ 1326-0200
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Book Section
%A Gebel, Klaus
%A Van der Ploeg, Hidde
%A Fiatarone Singh, Maria
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T The role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of diabetes
%B A Modern Epidemic
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Sydney University Press
%V 
%N 
%P 275-299
%@ 9781920899851
%E Twigg, Stephen
%E Magnusson, Roger S
%E Baur, Louise
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 110306 110602


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Steinbeck, Katharine
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Cumming, Robert G
%A Skinner, S Rachel
%A Ivers, Rebecca
%A Booy, Robert
%A Fulcher, Greg
%A Handelsman, David J
%A Martin, Andrew J
%A Morgan, Geoff
%A Starling, Jean
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Rawsthorne, Margot L
%A Bennett, David L
%A Chow, Chin Moi
%A Lam, Mary K
%A Kelly, Patrick
%A Brown, Ngiare J
%A Paxton, Karen
%A Hawke, Catherine
%T The study design and methodology for the ARCHER study - adolescent rural cohort study of hormones, health, education, environments and relationships.
%B BMC Pediatrics
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 1
%P 143
%@ 1471-2431
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Perez, Donna A
%A Grunseit, Anne C
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Kite, James
%A Cotter, Trish
%A Dunlop, Sally
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Tobacco promotion 'below-the-line': Exposure among adolescents and young adults in NSW, Australia.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 1
%P 429
%@ 1471-2458
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion increases the likelihood of smoking amongst young people. While there is a universal ban on traditional or ''above-the-line'' advertising in Australia, the types and extent of exposure of young people to ''below-the-line'' tobacco advertising and promotion is largely unknown. In this study we aim to identify levels of exposure of New South Wales (NSW) adolescents and young adults to tobacco promotion at the point-of-sale (PoS), on the internet, in entertainment media and at venues such as events or festivals and pubs, clubs, nightclubs, or bars; and to identify those most at risk of exposure. METHODS: A telephone survey of 1000 NSW adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 24 years was conducted. Self-reported exposure to tobacco promotions or advertising in the last month were measured in four areas: (1) promotions or advertising at (a) events or festivals and (b) pubs, clubs, nightclubs or bars, (2) on the internet, (3) people smoking cigarettes in (a) movies, (b) TV shows, (c) video games and (d) on the internet, and (4) displays of cigarette packs for sale at (a) large supermarkets, (b) grocery stores or small supermarkets, (c) convenience stores, and (d) service or petrol stations. Smoking status and susceptibility to smoking was also assessed. RESULTS: A substantial proportion of the young people surveyed reported seeing tobacco promotion sometimes or often in the last month over most of the channels studied. The highest levels of exposure were at the PoS (approx. two-thirds) and to people smoking cigarettes in movies (77%). Lower levels of exposure to tobacco promotions and imagery were reported on the internet (20%); at events or festivals (22.5%); in pubs, clubs, nightclubs or bars (31%); and in video games (23%). However, the odds of exposure through video games increased by 8% for every additional hour spent on the internet per day. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that adolescents and young adults in NSW are exposed to tobacco advertising or promotion at the PoS, on the internet, in entertainment media and at venues such as events or festivals and pubs, clubs, nightclubs or bars, despite the restrictions on the marketing of tobacco in Australia.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rychetnik, Lucie
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Laws, Rachel
%A King, Lesley
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Nutbeam, Don
%A Colagiuri, Stephen
%A Caterson, Ian
%T Translating research for evidence-based public health: key concepts and future directions.
%B Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 66
%N 12
%P 1187-1192
%@ 0143-005X
%X Applying research to guide evidence-based practice is an ongoing and significant challenge for public health. Developments in the emerging field of ''translation'' have focused on different aspects of the problem, resulting in competing frameworks and terminology. In this paper the scope of ''translation'' in public health is defined, and four related but conceptually different ''translation processes'' that support evidence-based practice are outlined: (1) reviewing the transferability of evidence to new settings, (2) translation research, (3) knowledge translation, and (4) knowledge translation research. Finally, an integrated framework is presented to illustrate the relationship between these domains, and priority areas for further development and empirical research are identified.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A O'Hara, Blythe J
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%T Using mass-media communications to increase population usage of Australia's Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service(R).
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 1
%P 762
%@ 1471-2458
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chau, Josephine Y
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Dunn, Scott
%A Kurko, John
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Validity of the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ).
%B Medicine and science in sports and exercise
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 44
%N 1
%P 118-25
%@ 0195-9131
%X Sitting at work is an emerging occupational health risk. Few instruments designed for use in population-based research measure occupational sitting and standing as distinct behaviors. This study aimed to develop and validate brief measure of occupational sitting and physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111712 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Waters, Lauren
%A George, Alexis S
%A Chey, Tien
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Weight change in control group participants in behavioural weight loss interventions: a systematic review and meta-regression study.
%B BMC Medical Research Methodology
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 
%P 120
%@ 1471-2288
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Book Section
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Rissel, Chris
%A King, Lesley
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Whole society approaches to preventing obesity and diabetes
%B A Modern Epidemic
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Sydney University Press
%V 
%N 
%P 245-263
%@ 9781920899851
%E Twigg, Stephen
%E Magnusson, Roger S
%E Baur, Louise
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T "Food company sponsors are kind, generous and cool": (Mis)conceptions of junior sports players.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 8
%N 1
%P 95
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT:  BACKGROUND: Children''s exposure to unhealthy food marketing influences their food knowledge, preferences and consumption. Sport sponsorship by food companies is widespread and industry investment in this marketing is increasing. This study aimed to assess children''s awareness of sport sponsors and their brand-related attitudes and purchasing intentions in response to this marketing. METHODS: Sports clubs known to have food sponsors and representing the most popular sports for Australian children across a range of demographic areas were recruited. Interview-based questionnaires were conducted at clubs with children aged 10-14 years (n = 103) to examine their recall of local sports club and elite sport sponsors, and their attitudes towards sponsors and sponsorship activities. RESULTS: Most children (68%) could recall sponsors of their sports club, naming a median of two sponsors, including a median of one food company sponsor each. Almost half (47%) of children could recall any sponsors of their favourite elite sporting team. Children aged 10-11 years were more likely than older children to report that they thought about sponsors when buying something to eat or drink (P < 0.01); that they liked to return the favour to sponsors by buying their products (P < 0.01); and that sponsors were ''cool'' (P = 0.02). Most children had received a voucher or certificate from a food or beverage company to reward sport performance (86% and 76%, respectively). Around one-third of children reported liking the company more after receiving these rewards. CONCLUSIONS: Children''s high recall of food and beverage company sport sponsors and their positive attitudes towards these sponsors and their promotions is concerning as this is likely to be linked to children''s food preferences and consumption. Limiting children''s exposure to this marketing is an important initiative to improve children''s nutrition.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cheung, N W
%A Smith, B J
%A van der Ploeg, H P
%A Cinnadaio, N
%A Bauman, A
%T A pilot structured behavioural intervention trial to increase physical activity among women with recent gestational diabetes.
%B Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
%D 2011
%C Ireland, Belgium
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 92
%N 1
%P e27-29
%@ 0168-8227
%X Forty-three women were recruited into a 1-year randomised controlled trial to test the feasibility of a structured behavioural intervention to increase physical activity after gestational diabetes. Increases in achievement of physical activity targets were not attained. Recruitment and subject retention were identified as major challenges.
%Z FOR Codes: 111710


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chau, Josephine Y
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Dunn, Scott
%A Kurko, John
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T A tool for measuring workers' sitting time by domain: the Workforce Sitting Questionnaire.
%B British journal of sports medicine
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 45
%N 15
%P 1216-22
%@ 1473-0480
%X Sitting time is an emerging health risk, and many working adults spend large amounts of time sitting each day. It is important to have reliable and accurate measurement tools to assess sitting time in different contexts.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Buehler, Ralph
%A Pucher, John
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Active travel in Germany and the U.S. Contributions of daily walking and cycling to physical activity.
%B American Journal of Preventive Medicine
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 41
%N 3
%P 241-250
%@ 0749-3797
%X Travel surveys in Europe and the U.S. show large differences in the proportion of walking and cycling trips without considering implications for physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Baker, Michael K
%A Simpson, Kylie
%A Lloyd, Bradley
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Singh, Maria A Fiatarone
%T Behavioral strategies in diabetes prevention programs: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
%B Diabetes research and clinical practice
%D 2011
%C Ireland, Belgium
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 91
%N 1
%P 1-12
%@ 0168-8227
%X The worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) emphasizes the need for guidelines regarding community implementation of lifestyle modification prevention programs. An understanding of effective behavioral strategies is needed if evidence translation is to be realized. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the behavioral change strategies for lifestyle T2D prevention programs.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Titze, Sylvia
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Oja, Pekka
%T Changing gears: bicycling as the panacea for physical inactivity?
%B British journal of sports medicine
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 45
%N 10
%P 761-2
%@ 1473-0480
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A O'Hara, Blythe J
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Venugopal, Kamalesh
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Characteristics of participants in Australia's Get Healthy telephone-based lifestyle information and coaching service: reaching disadvantaged communities and those most at need.
%B Health education research
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Oxford University Press
%V 26
%N 6
%P 1097-106
%@ 1465-3648
%X To address increasing rates of overweight and obesity, a population-based telephone intervention was introduced in New South Wales, Australia. The Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service?? (GHS) offered participants a 6-month coaching program or detailed self-help information. Determining the population reach of GHS is of public health importance to ensure that the program reaches disadvantaged groups. This paper describes the socio-demographic and risk profile of participants (n = 4828) in the first 18 months of operations, determines how representative they are of the population, assesses changes in participants'' socio-demographic profile and compares ''information-only'' and ''coaching'' participants. The results show that GHS users are representative of the adult population in relation to education, employment status, Aboriginal status, fruit and vegetable consumption and alcohol use. However, more female, middle-aged, English-speaking, rural and socially disadvantaged adults participated in GHS. Coaching Participants were more likely to be overweight and to be ex-smokers than the general population. There was substantial variability in GHS recruitment, when mass-reach television advertising was used, participants enrolled from a major city and from more disadvantaged communities. The GHS has broader population reach than many local interventions, but further efforts are needed to increase reach by Aboriginal communities, other minorities and men.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Ma, Guansheng
%A Cuevas, Frances
%A Omar, Zainal
%A Waqanivalu, Temo
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Keke, Kieren
%A Bhushan, Anjana
%A , for the Equity and Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors Project Collaborative Group
%T Cross-national comparisons of socioeconomic differences in the prevalence of leisure-time and occupational physical activity, and active commuting in six Asia-Pacific countries.
%B Journal of epidemiology and community health
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom, Spa
%I BMJ Group
%V 65
%N 1
%P 35-43
%@ 1470-2738
%X This study describes physical activity patterns and their association with socioeconomic factors in six countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and examines whether physical activity associations with socioeconomic status follow similar patterns across the six countries.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gebel, Klaus
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Reger-Nash, Bill
%A Leyden, Kevin M
%T Does the environment moderate the impact of a mass media campaign to promote walking?
%B American Journal of Health Promotion
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Journal of Health Promotion
%V 26
%N 1
%P 45-8
%@ 0890-1171
%X To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%A Hearn, Shane
%A Nancarrow, Hannah
%A Rose, Miranda
%A Massi, Luciana
%A Wise, Marilyn
%A Conigrave, Kate
%A Barnes, Ian
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Evaluating NSW SmokeCheck: a culturally specific smoking cessation training program for health professionals working in Aboriginal health
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 22:3
%N 
%P 189-195
%@ 1036-1073
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Carter, Stacy M
%A Rychetnik, Lucie
%A Lloyd, Beverley
%A Kerridge, Ian H
%A Baur, Louise
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Hooker, Claire
%A Zask, Avigdor
%T Evidence, ethics, and values: a framework for health promotion.
%B American Journal of Public Health
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Public Health Association
%V 101
%N 3
%P 465-472
%@ 1541-0048
%X We propose a new approach to guide health promotion practice. Health promotion should draw on 2 related systems of reasoning: an evidential system and an ethical system. Further, there are concepts, values, and procedures inherent in both health promotion evidence and ethics, and these should be made explicit. We illustrate our approach with the exemplar of intervention in weight, and use a specific mass-media campaign to show the real-world dangers of intervening with insufficient attention to ethics and evidence. Both researchers and health promotion practitioners should work to build the capacities required for evidential and ethical deliberation in the health promotion profession.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rangul, Vegar
%A Holmen, Turid Lingaas
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Bratberg, Grete H
%A Kurtze, Nanna
%A Midthjell, Kristian
%T Factors predicting changes in physical activity through adolescence: the Young-HUNT Study, Norway.
%B The Journal of Adolescent Health
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 48
%N 6
%P 616-624
%@ 1879-1972
%X The purpose of this prospective population-based study was to analyze predictors of changes in physical activity (PA) levels from early to late adolescence.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699 111712 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T Food and drink sponsorship of children's sport: who pays?
%B Health Promotion International
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom, France
%I Oxford University Press
%V 26
%N 22
%P 188-195
%@ 0957-4824
%X The creation of health promoting sports clubs may support the promotion and adoption of healthy behaviours by children. Sponsorship is one aspect of clubs, with potential influence on clubs and their participants. In particular, sponsorship influences brand awareness and attitudes, so that the sponsorship of children''s sport by unhealthy food companies may contribute to food preferences and poor eating habits. This study aimed to determine the nature and extent of food and beverage sponsorship of children''s sport. Sports clubs (n = 108) for the nine most popular sports for children aged 5-14 were randomly sampled from three large geographical areas in Australia. A purpose-designed telephone questionnaire was developed to determine the extent of sponsorship. Experts from different fields were approached (n = 10) to generate a consensus on the elements of sponsors that are more/less health promoting. The survey response rate was 99%. Of the 347 sponsors identified, 17% were food or beverage companies. Fifty percent of food company sponsorship arrangements did not meet criteria for healthy sponsors. For most clubs, less than a quarter of their income came from sponsorship. A considerable proportion of clubs with food company sponsors had the company''s signage on players'' uniforms (53%), distributed rewards using the company''s name (24%) or gave vouchers to players for the company''s products (29%). Any restriction of unhealthy food and beverage company sponsorship of children''s sport may not result in major funding difficulties for clubs, as this funding represents a relatively small proportion of their income base, even though it provides major promotional opportunities to sponsors.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Neubeck, Lis
%A Freedman, S B
%A Briffa, Tom
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Redfern, Julie
%T Four-year follow-up of the Choice of Health Options In prevention of Cardiovascular Events randomized controlled trial.
%B European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology
%D 2011
%C United States, Franc
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 18
%N 2
%P 278-86
%@ 1741-8275
%X To determine if the improved risk factor profile at 1 year attributed to the Choice of Health Options In prevention of Cardiovascular Events (CHOICE) program was maintained at 4 years.
%Z FOR Codes: 1113


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Oja, P
%A Titze, S
%A Bauman, A
%A de Geus, B
%A Krenn, P
%A Reger-Nash, B
%A Kohlberger, T
%T Health benefits of cycling: a systematic review.
%B Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
%D 2011
%C Denmark
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 21
%N 4
%P 496-509
%@ 1600-0838
%X The purpose of this study was to update the evidence on the health benefits of cycling. A systematic review of the literature resulted in 16 cycling-specific studies. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showed a clear positive relationship between cycling and cardiorespiratory fitness in youths. Prospective observational studies demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between commuter cycling and all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer morbidity among middle-aged to elderly subjects. Intervention studies among working-age adults indicated consistent improvements in cardiovascular fitness and some improvements in cardiovascular risk factors due to commuting cycling. Six studies showed a consistent positive dose-response gradient between the amount of cycling and the health benefits. Systematic assessment of the quality of the studies showed most of them to be of moderate to high quality. According to standard criteria used primarily for the assessment of clinical studies, the strength of this evidence was strong for fitness benefits, moderate for benefits in cardiovascular risk factors, and inconclusive for all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, cancer risk, and overweight and obesity. While more intervention research is needed to build a solid knowledge base of the health benefits of cycling, the existing evidence reinforces the current efforts to promote cycling as an important contributor for better population health.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Mealing, Nicole M
%A Bowles, Heather R
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Impact of scoring algorithm on physical activity prevalence estimates in Australian adults.
%B Journal of science and medicine in sport / Sports Medicine Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Elsevier
%V 14
%N 1
%P 27-32
%@ 1878-1861
%X Public health recommendations for physical activity are operationalised by defining thresholds for frequency (sessions/week), duration (min/week), or volume (MET-min/week). This study compared estimates of meeting physical activity recommendations when scoring algorithms varied in specifications for frequency and duration but were comparable in volume. Data were obtained from 13,105 Australian adult respondents to the 2006 Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey (ERASS). Prevalence estimates were calculated using algorithms defined by (i) frequency only (???5 sessions/week); (ii) duration only (???150 min/week); (iii) duration only when minutes of vigorous activity were weighted by 2 (???150 weighted-min/week); (iv) frequency and duration (???5 sessions/week, ???150 min/week); (v) volume only (???600 MET-min/week); and (vi) volume and frequency (???600 MET-min/week, ???5 sessions/week). The proportion of adults who met recommendations operationalised without a frequency requirement was twice the proportions obtained for algorithms with frequency requirements. Volume or duration-based algorithms yielded higher estimates for men than women, and for the younger age groups (<35 years) than the older groups, with the opposite observation for frequency-based algorithms. Consistent for all algorithms, people classified at the highest educational attainment had the highest prevalence of meeting recommendations. Agreement in achieving 600 MET-min/week when activities were categorised using activity-specific MET values versus median MET values was 98.3%. Prevalence rates based on 600 MET-min/week were similar to 150 weighted-min/week. In conclusion, varying frequency and duration requirements of scoring algorithms can yield different population estimates and patterns by population subgroup of physical activity for a health benefit.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hart, Teresa L
%A Craig, Cora Lynn
%A Griffiths, Joseph M
%A Cameron, Christine
%A Andersen, Ross E
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Tudor-Locke, Catrine
%T Markers of sedentarism: the joint Canada/U.S. Survey of health.
%B Journal of Physical Activity & Health
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 8
%N 3
%P 361-371
%@ 1543-3080
%X The Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health (JCUSH) was a one-time collaborative survey undertaken by Statistics Canada and the National Center for Health Statistics.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111711


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Thrift, Aaron P
%A Nancarrow, Hannah
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Maternal smoking during pregnancy among Aboriginal women in New South Wales is linked to social gradient.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 35
%N 4
%P 337-342
%@ 1326-0200
%X Objective: Social gradients in Aboriginal health are seldom explored. This study describes social gradients and trends in smoking during pregnancy among Aboriginal mothers in NSW. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the NSW Midwives Data Collection (MDC) 1994-2007, covering all births in NSW. Analyses examined associations between socio-demographic characteristics and smoking during pregnancy. Results: Data from 1,214,206 pregnant women showed that 17.4% smoked during pregnancy. The rate of smoking during pregnancy among all NSW women declined from 22.3% in 1994 to 12.8% in 2007; the rate among Aboriginal women remained high, declining from 61.4% in 1994 to 50.2% in 2007. Smoking was substantially higher among Aboriginal mothers compared to non-Aboriginal mothers. Socio-economic analyses showed that the smoking rate among low SES Aboriginal mothers was approximately two and a half times that of high SES Aboriginal women, a similar gradient to non-Aboriginal women. Conclusions: Indicators of socio-economic position are a consistent, independent correlate of smoking during pregnancy for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women. Implications: There is a need for a social inequalities approach to smoking during pregnancy, specifically targeting more disadvantaged Aboriginal mothers and all teenage mothers for smoking prevention. Strategies to access more disadvantaged mothers should not be missed through broadly focused Aboriginal tobacco control strategies.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Taylor, Bronwen T
%A Fernando, Peter
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Williamson, Anna
%A Craig, Jonathan C
%A Redman, Sally
%T Measuring the quality of public open space using Google Earth.
%B American Journal of Preventive Medicine
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 40
%N 2
%P 105-112
%@ 0749-3797
%X Proximity to public open space, such as parks and other green spaces, has considerable health benefits, and people have been shown to be more likely to use such space for physical activity if it is of high quality. This paper describes a new remote-assessment approach that makes use of Google Earth Pro (the free version of this program is Google Earth) to provide rapid and inexpensive measurement of the quality of public open space.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hardy, L L
%A King, L
%A Espinel, P
%A Okely, A D
%A Bauman, A
%T Methods of the NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey 2010 (SPANS 2010).
%B Journal of science and medicine in sport / Sports Medicine Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Elsevier Australia
%V 14
%N 5
%P 390-6
%@ 1878-1861
%X Addressing the high prevalence of overweight and obesity and unhealthy lifestyles among New South Wales (NSW) (the most populous state in Australia) youth is a government priority. The primary aim of the NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS 2010; n=8058) was to monitor progress towards the NSW State Plan and State Health Plan priorities and targets for child obesity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gebel, Klaus
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Sugiyama, Takemi
%A Owen, Neville
%T Mismatch between perceived and objectively assessed neighborhood walkability attributes: Prospective relationships with walking and weight gain.
%B Health & place
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 17
%N 2
%P 519-24
%@ 1873-2054
%X We examined prospectively whether persons who perceive their objectively measured high walkable environment as low walkable decrease their walking more and gain more weight than those with matched perceptions. Walkability was measured objectively using GIS. Corresponding perceptions were collected using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale from 1027 urban Australian adults. Objective and perceived measures were dichotomized and categories of match and mismatch were created. Overall, walking levels decreased and BMI increased significantly over the four year follow-up period. Those who perceived high walkability, dwelling density or land use mix as low decreased their walking for transport significantly more than those with matched perceptions. Those who perceived high walkability, land use mix or retail density as low increased their BMI significantly more than those with concordant perceptions. These prospective findings corroborate recommendations from previous cross-sectional studies. Interventions to improve negative perceptions of walkability among those living in high walkable areas may be a relevant public health intervention to increase physical activity and support weight maintenance.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%A Reger-Nash, Bill
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Craig, Cora
%A Abildso, Christiaan G.
%A Leyden, Kevin M.
%T Organising an effective community-wide physical activity campaign: A Step-by-Step Guide
%B ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 15
%N 5
%P 21-27
%@ 1091-5397
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Berry, Tanya R
%A Spence, John C
%A Plotnikoff, Ronald C
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Physical activity information seeking and advertising recall.
%B Health Communication
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Routledge
%V 26
%N 3
%P 246-254
%@ 1532-7027
%X The purposes of this research were to examine the characteristics of those who look for physical activity-related information, where they find it, and to examine what types of physical activity-related advertisements are recalled (i.e., publicly funded or commercial). These purposes were tested using secondary data analyses from two population health surveys. Results from the first survey (n=1211) showed gender, age, education, and activity-level differences in who is more likely to search for physical activity-related information. Adding the goal of being active into the model made age and activity level no longer significant but gender and education remained significant factors. The Internet was the most often cited source of physical activity information. The second survey (n=1600) showed that adults 55 years of age or older and participants with the least amount of education were more than twice as likely to name commercial advertisements than were participants aged 18-54 years or those with more education. These results help further our understanding of how publicly funded promotional campaigns fare against commercial advertising and also highlight the need to understand physical activity information-seeking behavior on the Internet and its implications for health promotion.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Leavy, Justine E
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Rosenberg, Michael
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Physical activity mass media campaigns and their evaluation: a systematic review of the literature 2003-2010.
%B Health Education Research
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Oxford University Press
%V 26
%N 6
%P 1060-1085
%@ 1465-3648
%X Internationally, mass media campaigns to promote regular moderate-intensity physical activity have increased recently. Evidence of mass media campaign effectiveness exists in other health areas, however the evidence for physical activity is limited. The purpose was to systematically review the literature on physical activity mass media campaigns, 2003-2010. A focus was on reviewing evaluation designs, theory used, formative evaluation, campaign effects and outcomes. Literature was searched resulting in 18 individual adult mass media campaigns, mostly in high-income regions and two in middle-income regions. Designs included: quasi experimental (n = 5); non experimental (n = 12); a mixed methods design (n = 1). One half used formative research. Awareness levels ranged from 17 to 95%. Seven campaigns reported significant increases in physical activity levels. The review found that beyond awareness raising, changes in other outcomes were measured, assessed but reported in varying ways. It highlighted improvements in evaluation, although limited evidence of campaign effects remain. It provides an update on the evaluation methodologies used in the adult literature. We recommend optimal evaluation design should include: (1) formative research to inform theories/frameworks, campaign content and evaluation design; (2) cohort study design with multiple data collection points; (3) sufficient duration; (4) use of validated measures; (5) sufficient evaluation resources.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Physical inactivity: the "Cinderella" risk factor for noncommunicable disease prevention.
%B Journal of Health Communication
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Taylor & Francis Inc.
%V 16
%N Suppl 2
%P 13-26
%@ 1087-0415
%X There is strong evidence demonstrating the direct and indirect pathways by which physical activity prevents many of the major noncommunicable diseases (NCD) responsible for premature death and disability. Physical inactivity was identified as the 4th leading risk factor for the prevention of NCD, preceded only by tobacco use, hypertension, and high blood glucose levels, and accounting for more than 3 million preventable deaths globally in 2010. Physical inactivity is a global public health priority but, in most countries, this has not yet resulted in widespread recognition nor specific physical activity-related policy action at the necessary scale. Instead, physical inactivity could be described as the Cinderella of NCD risk factors, defined as "poverty of policy attention and resourcing proportionate to its importance." The pressing question is "Why is this so?" The authors identify and discuss 8 possible explanations and the need for more effective communication on the importance of physical activity in the NCD prevention context. Although not all of the issues identified will be relevant for any 1 country, it is likely that at different times and in different combinations these 8 problems continue to delay national-level progress on addressing physical inactivity in many countries. The authors confirm that there is sufficient evidence to act, and that much better use of well-planned, coherent communication strategies are needed in most countries and at the international level. Significant opportunities exist. The Toronto Charter on Physical Activity and the Seven Investments that Work are 2 useful tools to support increased advocacy on physical activity within and beyond the context of the crucial 2011 UN High-Level Meeting on NCDs.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Neubeck, Lis
%A Ascanio, Rhoda
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Briffa, Tom
%A Clark, Alexander M
%A Freedman, Ben
%A Redfern, Julie
%T Planning locally relevant Internet programs for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
%B European journal of cardiovascular nursing : journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology
%D 2011
%C Netherlands, France
%I Elsevier BV
%V 10
%N 4
%P 213-20
%@ 1873-1953
%X Although the Internet has been shown to be an effective tool for supporting behavioural change in other chronic diseases, less in known about the efficacy of, or need for, Internet-based interventions in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD).
%Z FOR Codes: 110299


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Plotnikoff, Ronald C
%A Johnson, Steven T
%A Loucaides, Constantinos A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Karunamuni, Nandini D
%A Pickering, Michael A
%T Population-based estimates of physical activity for adults with type 2 diabetes: a cautionary tale of potential confounding by weight status.
%B Journal of Obesity
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%V 2011
%N 
%P 561432
%@ 2090-0716
%X At a population level, the method used to determine those meeting physical activity guidelines has important implications, as estimating "sufficient" physical activity might be confounded by weight status. The objective of this study was to test the difference between three methods in estimating the prevalence of "sufficient activity" among Canadian adults with type 2 diabetes in a large population sample (N = 1614) while considering the role of weight status as a potential confounder. Our results revealed that estimates of physical activity levels vary by BMI categories, depending on the methods examined. Although physical activity levels were lower in the obese, their energy expenditure estimates were not different from those who were overweight or of a healthy weight. The implications of these findings are that biased estimates of physical activity at a population level may result in inappropriate classification of adults with type 2 diabetes as "sufficiently active" and that the inclusion of body weight in estimating physical activity prevalence should be approached with caution.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Khambalia, Amina
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Keke, Kieren
%A Dan, Li
%A Fitzhardinge, Andrew
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Nauru.
%B BMC public health
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 719
%@ 1471-2458
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A O'Hara, Blythe J
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Elizabeth L
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%T Process evaluation of the advertising campaign for the NSW Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 22
%N 1
%P 68-71
%@ 1036-1073
%X Introducing a new and free population-wide telephone service to assist adults to be more active, eat healthier and achieve a healthy weight requires large-scale marketing.The challenge is to understand the pattern of advertising that is effective at generating public awareness and interest in using the new service.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Smith, Ben John
%A Chey, Tien
%A Gilmete, Mercedes
%A Havea, Drew
%A Bauman, Adrian Ernest
%A , Members of the Health Behaviour and Lifestyle of Pacific Youth Survey Collaborating Group and Tonga Core Survey Team
%T Psychosocial profiles of adolescent nonsmokers in the Pacific.
%B Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health
%D 2011
%C United States, Austr
%I Sage Publications, Inc
%V 23
%N 1
%P 57-69
%@ 1941-2479
%X Studies examining adolescent smoking have focused on at-risk individuals, while overlooking the psychosocial profiles of those adolescents who have managed to remain nonsmokers. Accumulating evidence suggests that positive emotions such as happiness may be associated with the adoption of healthy practices, but limited evidence has emerged from developing countries. This study examined the association between non-smoking and positive emotions and psychosocial correlates in 3 large population samples of Pacific youths (N = 5659) living in Tonga, Vanuatu, and Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia. Across all 3 samples, being confident was significantly associated with nonsmoking and being happy (Tonga, odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-1.73; Vanuatu, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.02-1.63; Pohnpei, OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.60-3.34). Some cross-country differences in relationships were found in the associations between societal factors (ie, perceived connections with school, teachers, and peers, and perceived community importance and involvement) and nonsmoking and happiness. Findings have implications for developing innovative strategies aimed at preventing smoking uptake and suggest the need for focusing on identifying the determinants of nonsmoking and measuring positive emotions.
%Z FOR Codes: 111715 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Milat, Andrew J
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Redman, Sally
%A Curac, Nada
%T Public health research outputs from efficacy to dissemination: a bibliometric analysis.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 934
%@ 1471-2458
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Milton, K
%A Bull, F C
%A Bauman, A
%T Reliability and validity testing of a single-item physical activity measure.
%B British Journal of Sports Medicine
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 45
%N 3
%P 203-208
%@ 1473-0480
%X To develop and test a new single-item physical activity screening tool, suitable for assessing respondents'' eligibility for behaviour change interventions.
%Z FOR Codes: 110604


%0 Journal Article
%A Bonfiglioli, Catriona
%A Smith, Ben J
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Simon
%A Holding, Simon
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Risky exercise – is physical activity losing the news race?
%B Australian Journalism Review
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Journalism Education Associacion
%V 33
%N 1
%P 73-84
%@ 0810-2686
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Saleh, Shaimaa
%A King, Lesley A
%A Chapman, Kathy
%T Role modelling unhealthy behaviours: food and drink sponsorship of peak sporting organisations.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 22
%N 1
%P 72-75
%@ 1036-1073
%X Organised sport provides an important setting for health promotion. Peak sporting organisations have a role in assisting and overseeing sports clubs, including providing funding opportunities. As such, sponsorship of these organisations may influence the funding of community sport. This study aimed to describe the nature and scope of peak sporting organisations'' sponsorship, and particularly food and beverage company sponsors.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Banks, Emily
%A Jorm, Louisa
%A Rogers, Kris
%A Clements, Mark
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Screen-time, obesity, ageing and disability: findings from 91 266 participants in the 45 and Up Study.
%B Public Health Nutrition
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 14
%N 1
%P 34-43
%@ 1368-9800
%X To assess the relationship between obesity and sedentary behaviours, such as watching television or using a computer (''screen-time''), and describe how this relationship varies between population subgroups.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cui, Zhaohui
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Dibley, Michael J
%T Temporal trends and correlates of passive commuting to and from school in children from 9 provinces in China.
%B Preventive Medicine
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 52
%N 6
%P 423-427
%@ 0091-7435
%X To examine trends and correlates of passive (inactive) commuting to school among Chinese children aged 6-18 years in nine provinces.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cui, Zhaohui
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Dibley, Michael J
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Temporal trends and recent correlates in sedentary behaviours in Chinese children.
%B The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 8
%N 
%P 93
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Ainsworth, Barbara E
%A Sallis, James F
%A Hagströmer, Maria
%A Craig, Cora L
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Pratt, Michael
%A Venugopal, Kamalesh
%A Chau, Josephine
%A Sjöström, Michael
%A , IPS Group
%T The Descriptive Epidemiology of Sitting A 20-Country Comparison Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).
%B American Journal of Preventive Medicine
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 41
%N 2
%P 228-235
%@ 0749-3797
%X Recent epidemiologic evidence points to the health risks of prolonged sitting, that are independent of physical activity, but few papers have reported the descriptive epidemiology of sitting in population studies with adults.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A van Poppel, Mireille N M
%A Chey, Tien
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Brown, Wendy J
%T The role of pre-pregnancy physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.
%B Journal of science and medicine in sport / Sports Medicine Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Elsevier Australia
%V 14
%N 2
%P 149-52
%@ 1878-1861
%X Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates approximately 3-11% of pregnancies and increases the risk on prenatal morbidity and later development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are thought to play a role in the development of GDM, independent of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and the development of GDM using a population-based prospective cohort study. Data from the youngest (1973-1978) cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women''s Health (n=2913) were used to determine the influences of self-reported physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in 2000 and 2003 on the development of GDM over subsequent three year periods, with adjustment for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. In this cohort of Australian women, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in 2000 and 2003 were not associated with the development of GDM in the subsequent three years. In adjusted models, odds ratios for the development of GDM were 1.92 (95% CI 1.25-2.96) for overweight women (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) and 3.11 (1.92-5.03) for obese women (BMI???30 kg/m2) compared with normal weight women. Those with lower education and women born in an Asian country also had higher risk of developing GDM than more highly educated and Australian born women, respectively. In conclusion, pre-pregnancy physical activity and sedentary behaviour appear to be less important in the development of GDM in this cohort than overweight and obesity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bundy, Anita C
%A Naughton, Geraldine
%A Tranter, Paul
%A Wyver, Shirley
%A Baur, Louise
%A Schiller, Wendy
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Engelen, Lina
%A Ragen, Jo
%A Luckett, Tim
%A Niehues, Anita
%A Stewart, Gabrielle
%A Jessup, Glenda
%A Brentnall, Jennie
%T The sydney playground project: popping the bubblewrap - unleashing the power of play: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a primary school playground-based intervention aiming to increase children's physical activity and social skills.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 680
%@ 1471-2458
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%T Tobacco and alcohol sponsorship of sporting events provide insights about how food and beverage sponsorship may affect children's health.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 22
%N 2
%P 91-96
%@ 1036-1073
%X Issue addressed: Determining children''s exposure to food and beverage company sponsorship, and the effect of this exposure, is important in establishing the extent to which there may be health and societal consequences. This paper aimed to provide preliminary evidence on the scope and potential effects on children of unhealthy food and beverage sponsorship. Methods: A review of published literature and media and marketing reports was conducted to determine the types of food and beverage sponsorship campaigns that children are exposed to, and the effect of corporate sponsorship (including tobacco and alcohol) on children and adolescents. Results: A large range of food and beverage sponsorship activities, in Australia and internationally, were identified for both school and sport settings. In particular, food and beverage companies have attempted to develop a marketing presence at all levels of professional and community sport. No information was identified measuring the effect of food and beverage company sponsorship on children and adolescents. However, empirical evidence from consumer studies relating to tobacco and alcohol sponsorship has repeatedly demonstrated that sponsorship has an impact on children''s product recall and product-related attitudes and behavioural intentions. Conclusions: While there is no available research on the direct effect of food and beverage sponsorship, the demonstrated effects of tobacco and alcohol sponsorship on children''s product awareness, preferences and consumption are likely to be applicable to food companies.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Ng, Suan Peng
%A Korda, Rosemary
%A Clements, Mark
%A Latz, Isabel
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Bambrick, Hilary
%A Liu, Bette
%A Rogers, Kris
%A Herbert, Nicol
%A Banks, Emily
%T Validity of self-reported height and weight and derived body mass index in middle-aged and elderly individuals in Australia.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 35
%N 6
%P 557-563
%@ 1326-0200
%X Background : Body mass index (BMI) is an important measure of adiposity. While BMI derived from self-reported data generally agrees well with that derived from measured values, evidence from Australia is limited, particularly for the elderly. Methods : We compared self-reported with measured height and weight in a random sample of 608 individuals aged ???45 from the 45 and Up Study, an Australian population-based cohort study. We assessed degree of agreement and correlation between measures, and calculated sensitivity and specificity to quantify BMI category misclassification. Results : On average, in males and females respectively, height was overestimated by 1.24cm (95% CI: 0.75-1.72) and 0.59cm (0.26-0.92); weight was underestimated by 1.68kg (-1.99- -1.36) and 1.02kg (-1.24- -0.80); and BMI based on self-reported measures was underestimated by 0.90kg/m2 (-1.09- -0.70) and 0.60 kg/m2 (-0.75- -0.45). Underestimation increased with increasing measured BMI. There were strong correlations between self-reported and measured height, weight and BMI (r=0.95, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, p<0.001). While there was excellent agreement between BMI categories from self-reported and measured data (kappa=0.80), obesity prevalence was underestimated. Findings did not differ substantially between middle-aged and elderly participants. Conclusions : Self-reported data on height and weight quantify body size appropriately in middle-aged and elderly individuals for relative measures, such as quantiles of BMI. However, caution is necessary when reporting on absolute BMI and standard BMI categories, based on self-reported data, particularly since use of such data is likely to result in underestimation of the prevalence of obesity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Pucher, John
%A Buehler, Ralph
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Walking and cycling in the United States, 2001-2009: evidence from the National Household Travel Surveys.
%B American Journal of Public Health
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Public Health Association
%V 101
%N Suppl 1
%P S310-317
%@ 1541-0048
%X To assess changes in walking and cycling in the United States between 2001 and 2009.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Sangster, Janice
%A Furber, Susan
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret
%A Haas, Marion
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Mark, Andy
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T A population-based lifestyle intervention to promote healthy weight and physical activity in people with cardiac disease: the PANACHE (Physical Activity, Nutrition And Cardiac HEalth) study protocol.
%B BMC cardiovascular disorders
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 10
%N 
%P 17
%@ 1471-2261
%X BACKGROUND: Maintaining a healthy weight and undertaking regular physical activity are important for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, many people with CVD are overweight and insufficiently active. In addition, in Australia only 20-30% of people requiring cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for CVD actually attend. To improve outcomes of and access to CR the efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative approaches to CR need to be established.This research will determine the efficacy of a telephone-delivered lifestyle intervention, promoting healthy weight and physical activity, in people with CVD in urban and rural settings. The control group will also act as a replication study of a previously proven physical activity intervention, to establish whether those findings can be repeated in different urban and rural locations. The cost-effectiveness and acceptability of the intervention to CR staff and participants will also be determined. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a randomised controlled trial. People referred for CR at two urban and two rural Australian hospitals will be invited to participate. The intervention (healthy weight) group will participate in four telephone delivered behavioural coaching and goal setting sessions over eight weeks. The coaching sessions will be on weight, nutrition and physical activity and will be supported by written materials, a pedometer and two follow-up booster telephone calls. The control (physical activity) group will participate in a six week intervention previously shown to increase physical activity, consisting of two telephone delivered behavioural coaching and goal setting sessions on physical activity, supported by written materials, a pedometer and two booster phone calls. Data will be collected at baseline, eight weeks and eight months for the intervention group (baseline, six weeks and six months for the control group). The primary outcome is weight change. Secondary outcomes include physical activity, sedentary time and nutrition habits. Costs will be compared with outcomes to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of the healthy weight and physical activity interventions. DISCUSSION: This study addresses a significant gap in public health practice by providing evidence for the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a low cost, low contact, high reach intervention promoting healthy weight and physical activity among people with CVD in rural and urban areas in Australia. The replication arm of the study, undertaken by the control group, will demonstrate whether the findings of the previously proven physical activity intervention can be generalised to new settings. This population-based approach could potentially improve access to and outcomes of secondary prevention programs, particularly for rural or disadvantaged communities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12610000102077.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Chau, Josephine Y
%A Bittman, Michael
%A Trost, Stewart G
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Advances in population surveillance for physical activity and sedentary behavior: reliability and validity of time use surveys.
%B American Journal of Epidemiology
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Oxford University Press
%V 172
%N 10
%P 1199-2206
%@ 1476-6256
%X Many countries conduct regular national time use surveys, some of which date back as far as the 1960s. Time use surveys potentially provide more detailed and accurate national estimates of the prevalence of sedentary and physical activity behavior than more traditional self-report surveillance systems. In this study, the authors determined the reliability and validity of time use surveys for assessing sedentary and physical activity behavior. In 2006 and 2007, participants (n = 134) were recruited from work sites in the Australian state of New South Wales. Participants completed a 2-day time use diary twice, 7 days apart, and wore an accelerometer. The 2 diaries were compared for test-retest reliability, and comparison with the accelerometer determined concurrent validity. Participants with similar activity patterns during the 2 diary periods showed reliability intraclass correlations of 0.74 and 0.73 for nonoccupational sedentary behavior and moderate/vigorous physical activity, respectively. Comparison of the diary with the accelerometer showed Spearman correlations of 0.57-0.59 and 0.45-0.69 for nonoccupational sedentary behavior and moderate/vigorous physical activity, respectively. Time use surveys appear to be more valid for population surveillance of nonoccupational sedentary behavior and health-enhancing physical activity than more traditional surveillance systems. National time use surveys could be used to retrospectively study nonoccupational sedentary and physical activity behavior over the past 5 decades.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chau, Josephine Y
%A der Ploeg, Hidde P van
%A van Uffelen, Jannique G Z
%A Wong, Jason
%A Riphagen, Ingrid
%A Healy, Genevieve N
%A Gilson, Nicholas D
%A Dunstan, David W
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Owen, Neville
%A Brown, Wendy J
%T Are workplace interventions to reduce sitting effective? A systematic review.
%B Preventive medicine
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 51
%N 5
%P 352-6
%@ 0091-7435
%X To systematically review the effectiveness of workplace interventions for reducing sitting.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111712 111705


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Razee, Husna
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Blignault, Ilse
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A McLean, Mark
%A Wah Cheung, N
%T Beliefs, barriers, social support, and environmental influences related to diabetes risk behaviours among women with a history of gestational diabetes.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 21
%N 2
%P 130-137
%@ 1036-1073
%X Issue addressed: Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes; this risk is higher in non-Caucasian women. This study explored the beliefs, attitudes, social support, environmental influences and other factors related to diabetes risk behaviours among Arabic, Cantonese/Mandarin, and English speaking women with recent GDM. Methods: Women living in the Sydney metropolitan area (Australia) who had GDM 6-36 months previously were included. In-depth semi-structured telephone interviews on women''s experiences and perceptions of GDM and the lifestyle risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes were conducted in the language participants spoke at home (n=20 Arabic, 20 Cantonese/Mandarin, 17 English). Data were analysed for underlying themes using NVivo software. Results: Mental distress, role perceptions, social support and cultural expectations were major issues related to women''s struggles to find the right balance between the large proportion of household and child care responsibilities and leading a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Women''s ability to follow a healthy lifestyle is embedded in their psychological wellbeing and the social and cultural context of their lives. The study highlights the need for a holistic approach that ensures personal support and access to services as well as lifestyle specific programs.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Owen, Neville
%A De De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse
%A Sugiyama, Takemi
%A Leslie, Eva
%A Cerin, Ester
%A Van Van Dyck, Delfien
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Bicycle use for transport in an Australian and a Belgian city: associations with built-environment attributes.
%B Journal of Urban Health
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Springer New York LLC
%V 87
%N 2
%P 189-198
%@ 1468-2869
%X The walkability attributes of neighborhood environments (residential density, land use mixture, and connectedness of streets) have been found to be associated with higher rates of walking. However, relatively less is known about the associations of walkability attributes with bicycle use for transport. We examined the relationships between adults'' bicycle use for transport and measures of neighborhood walkability in two settings: an Australian city (Adelaide) with low rates of bicycle use and a Belgian city (Ghent) with high rates of bicycle use. A total of 2,159 and 382 participants were recruited in Adelaide and Ghent, respectively. A walkability index was derived from objectively measured data in Adelaide, while a similar index was derived from perceived measures in Ghent. Logistic regression models were employed to examine associations of bicycle use with different levels of walkability. There were higher rates of bicycle ownership for Ghent compared to Adelaide participants (96% versus 61%), and there was a higher prevalence of bicycle use for transport for Ghent compared to Adelaide participants (50% vs. 14%). Despite the large differences in bicycle ownership and use, living in a high-walkable neighborhood was associated with significantly higher odds of bicycle use for transport in both cities, after adjusting for relevant confounding factors. Built-environment innovations that are increasingly being advocated by health authorities and transport planners, primarily to promote higher rates of walking for transport, should also impact positively on bicycle use.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Garrard, Jan
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A New, Carolyn
%T Current cycling, bicycle path use, and willingness to cycle more-findings from a community survey of cycling in southwest sydney, australia.
%B Journal of Physical Activity & Health
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 7
%N 2
%P 267-272
%@ 1543-3080
%X BACKGROUND: Encouraging cycling could increase levels of physical activity and health in the community. A population survey of cycling and physical activity was conducted as part of the baseline evaluation of a new intervention research project (Cycling Connecting Communities). METHODS: A telephone survey of adults (18+) living within 2 kilometers of selected major new bicycle paths in 3 local government areas in south western Sydney, Australia was conducted using a 2-stage sampling method. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined factors associated with riding in the last year, wanting to cycle more, and use of local bicycle paths. RESULTS: With a 65% response rate, 1450 interviews were completed. Having ridden a bicycle in the past year was associated with younger age, being male, having access to a bicycle, and living close to destinations of interest. Two thirds of respondents (65%) wanted to ride more than they currently did. Factors associated with wanting to ride more were having children aged between 5-18 years, having used local bicycle paths, and perceptions of ease of cycling. CONCLUSIONS: The study found that there is a latent desire for more cycling among respondents, prompted to some extent by having children of an age (5-18 years) that like cycling, and having a reasonable opportunity to cycle due to local bicycle paths. Being relatively close to destinations of interest increases the likelihood of recent cycling.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bellew, Bill
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Brown, Wendy
%T Evidence-based policy and practice of physical activity in Australia: Awareness and attitudes of attendees at a national physical activity conference (the PAPPA study).
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 21
%N 3
%P 222-228
%@ 1036-1073
%X Issue addressed: Evidence that regular moderate-intensity physical activity confers substantial health benefits has been available for more than a decade. Recent studies suggest that the availability of evidence is in itself insufficient for the development of evidence-based public policy and that comprehensive translation mechanisms are needed. This paper explores the current sources of information about effective interventions among physical activity professionals, their awareness and uptake of evidence reviews, their use of the national physical activity network AusPANet and their beliefs about evidence-based policy and practice in physical activity. Methods: This Physical Activity Policy and Practice in Australia (PAPPA) study reports data from a survey of 115 key physical activity professionals attending the Sixth National Physical Activity Conference in Adelaide, Australia, October 2007. Respondents answered questions about awareness and use of evidence sources and about their beliefs regarding policy and practice in physical activity. Results: Only 37% of respondents could accurately identify the main policy messages on ''physical activity and health'' as defined in the seminal US Surgeon General''s report; 48% reported using the current ''Be Active Australia'' national strategic framework on more than two occasions; and just over 35% reported using the most recent national evidence synthesis ''Getting Australia Active II''. Conclusions: The study identifies gaps in knowledge about physical activity and health, gaps in understanding contemporary policy and gaps in translation strategies. Notwithstanding the possible limitations of evidence reviews and syntheses as a determinant of policy and practice, it is apparent that the dissemination of physical activity guidelines and evidence summaries has been less than optimal in Australia.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T Examining opportunities for promotion of healthy eating at children's sports clubs.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 34
%N 6
%P 583-588
%@ 1326-0200
%X Objective: Australian data indicate that 63% of children participated in sport in 2009, a 4% increase since 2000. Children''s high participation in sport, and the association between sport and health, means that these settings provide an opportunity to promote other aspects of health, such as healthy eating, to children. This study aimed to determine healthy eating practices and policies at children''s sports clubs. Methods: Sports clubs (n=108) for the nine most popular sports for children aged 5 to 14 were randomly sampled from three large geographical areas across one state and one territory in Australia. A purpose-designed telephone questionnaire for sports club officials was developed to determine the food and beverages sold, provided and promoted at sports clubs and the availability of healthy-eating policies. Results: The most frequently sold item at canteens was water, followed by sports drinks, chocolate/confectionery and soft drink. Only 20% of canteens promoted healthy food. Thirty-nine per cent of clubs made recommendations on the food and beverages to be consumed during sport, mostly relating to water consumption. The majority (76%) engaged in fundraising; many in collaboration with chocolate/confectionery companies. Only three clubs had a written policy on healthy eating. Conclusion: Addressing the low uptake of healthy eating policies would be a useful strategy to improve the healthiness of sports clubs. Implications: Policies could seek to reduce the availability and promotion of unhealthy food and beverages through canteens, vending machines and fundraising.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111499 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Saleh, Shaimaa
%A King, Lesley A
%A Chapman, Kathy
%T Health promotion in sport: An analysis of peak sporting organisations' health policies.
%B Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Elsevier Australia
%V 13
%N 6
%P 566-567
%@ 1878-1861
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712


%0 Book Section
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Mass Media Approaches to Addressing Physical Inactivity and Obesity
%B Physical Activity and Obesity
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 
%N 
%P 361-363
%@ 9780736076357
%E Bouchard, Claude
%E Katzmarzyk, Peter
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Trinh, Oanh T H
%A Nguyen, Nguyen D
%A Phongsavon, Philayrath
%A Dibley, Michael J
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Metabolic Risk Profiles and Associated Risk Factors Among Vietnamese Adults in Ho Chi Minh City.
%B Metabolic syndrome and related disorders
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Mary Ann Leibert
%V 8
%N 1
%P 69-78
%@ 1557-8518
%X A clustering of metabolic risk factors increases the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases. This study reports the metabolic risk profiles and the prevalence of metabolic risk factors and associated factors among Vietnamese adults in Ho Chi Minh City.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret A
%A Chey, Tien
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Occupational risk of overweight and obesity: an analysis of the Australian Health Survey.
%B Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Neth
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 5
%N 
%P 14
%@ 1745-6673
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Adults spend about one third of their day at work and occupation may be a risk factor for obesity because of associated socioeconomic and behavioral factors such as physical activity and sedentary time. The aim of this study was to examine body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity by occupation and explore the contributions of socioeconomic factors and lifestyle behaviors (including leisure time and commuting physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol) to occupational risk. METHODS: Secondary analyses of the National Health Survey in Australia (2005) were conducted for working age adults (20 to 64 years). Linear and logistic regression models using BMI as either dichotomous or continuous response were computed for occupation type. Model 1 was age-adjusted, Model 2 adjusted for age and socioeconomic variables and Model 3 adjusted for age, socioeconomic variables and lifestyle behaviours. All models were stratified by gender. RESULTS: Age-adjusted data indicated that men in associate professional (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.63) and intermediate production and transport (OR 1.24 95% CI 1.03-1.50) occupations had a higher risk of BMI >/= 25 kg/m2 than those without occupation, and women in professional (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61-0.82), management (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.92) and advanced clerical and service occupations (OR 0.73 95% CI 0.58-0.93) had a lower risk. After adjustment for socioeconomic factors no occupational group had an increased risk but for males, professionals, tradesmen, laborers and elementary clerical workers had a lower risk as did female associate professionals and intermediate clerical workers. Adjustment for lifestyle factors explained the lower risk in the female professional and associate professionals but failed to account for the lower odds ratios in the other occupations. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of overweight and obesity among occupations differs by gender. Healthy lifestyle behaviors appear to protect females in professional and associate professional occupations from overweight. For high-risk occupations lifestyle modification could be included in workplace health promotion programs. Further investigation of gender-specific occupational behaviors and additional lifestyle behaviors to those assessed in the current Australian Health Survey, is indicated.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A van Uffelen, Jannique G Z
%A Wong, Jason
%A Chau, Josephine Y
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Riphagen, Ingrid
%A Gilson, Nicholas D
%A Burton, Nicola W
%A Healy, Genevieve N
%A Thorp, Alicia A
%A Clark, Bronwyn K
%A Gardiner, Paul A
%A Dunstan, David W
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Owen, Neville
%A Brown, Wendy J
%T Occupational sitting and health risks: a systematic review.
%B American Journal of Preventive Medicine
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 39
%N 4
%P 379-388
%@ 0749-3797
%X Emerging evidence suggests that sedentary behavior (i.e., time spent sitting) may be negatively associated with health. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on associations between occupational sitting and health risks.
%Z FOR Codes: 111705


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Shirley, Debra
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Physical Activity Promotion in the Physical Therapy Setting: Perspectives From Practitioners and Students.
%B Physical therapy
%D 2010
%C United States
%I American Physical Therapy Association
%V 90
%N 9
%P 1311-22
%@ 1538-6724
%X Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for chronic disease. Primary health care practitioners are well placed to promote a physically active lifestyle. The perceptions and practice of physical therapists on their role in physical activity promotion are not well known.
%Z FOR Codes: 111717


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Kohl, Harold W
%T Physical activity and public health in latin america-moving forward.
%B Journal of Physical Activity & Health
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 7
%N Suppl 2
%P S135-S136
%@ 1543-3080
%X Physical inactivity is a global health concern and, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is the fourth leading contributor to deaths, ahead of those attributable to obesity and with greater contributions to deaths in middle- than high-income countries. Therefore, developing solutions to increasing activity rates is of international interest. Much of the evidence base for physical activity (PA) and health, and reporting interventions to decrease inactivity, come from the developed world, although the risks from noncommunicable disease (NCD) are increasing rapidly in many transitional nations. What is needed is an evidence base for action from population studies and public health interventions in developing countries.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Merom, Dafna
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Corpuz, Grace
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Public Health Perspectives on Household Travel Surveys Active Travel Between 1997 and 2007.
%B American Journal of Preventive Medicine
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 39
%N 2
%P 113-121
%@ 0749-3797
%X BACKGROUND: Active travel is beneficial to public health, but longitudinal population surveillance data on this behavior are limited. PURPOSE: This study aims to monitor active travel at different health-enhancing thresholds and to identify trip purposes that contributed to health by using transport survey data. METHODS: The continuous Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area Household Travel Survey (1997-2007) was analyzed in 2009. Each year, approximately 3250 households were randomly sampled (67% average response rate). All trips undertaken for a nominated 24-hour period were recorded for every household member during a face-to-face interview. Trips were coded by mode, purpose, duration, and street distance. The yearly prevalence and temporal change for adults (>/=15 years) were calculated for any walking and cycling (i.e., >/=1 trip per day) and by health-enhancing indicators dependent on trip duration (>/=10 minutes) and amount (i.e., >/=30 minutes/day). RESULTS: Significant increasing trends were observed for all walking indicators, with a peak in 2005, where 39.2% walked, 24.7% walked >/=1 trip of >/=10 minutes, and 14.3% or 17.8% achieved the recommended 30 minutes a day with or without stipulation on trip duration, respectively. Health-enhancing walking increased in most population subgroups. Cycling prevalence was low (<1.5%) but with significant increasing trends in all indicators and in selected subgroups. Utilitarian cycling trips were of long duration (medians=10-15 minutes) whereas utilitarian walking trips were shorter (medians=5-7 minutes). CONCLUSIONS: Transportation surveys can be used to assess the contribution of active travel to changes in physical activity levels assessed by public health surveillance and to identify subgroups for active travel interventions.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Furber, Susan
%A Butler, Lyra
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Mark, Andrew
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Randomised controlled trial of a pedometer-based telephone intervention to increase physical activity among cardiac patients not attending cardiac rehabilitation.
%B Patient education and counseling
%D 2010
%C Ireland
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 80
%N 2
%P 212-8
%@ 1873-5134
%X To determine the effectiveness of a pedometer-based telephone intervention on the physical activity levels of cardiac patients who did not attend a CRP.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Lane, A.
%A Murphy, N.
%A Bauman, A.
%A Chey, T.
%T Randomized controlled trial to increase physical activity among insufficiently active women following their participation in a mass event
%B Health Education Journal
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Sage Publications Ltd.
%V 69
%N 3
%P 287-296
%@ 0017-8969
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cardona-Morrell, Magnolia
%A Rychetnik, Lucie
%A Morrell, Stephen L
%A Espinel, Paola T
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Reduction of diabetes risk in routine clinical practice: Are Physical Activity and Nutrition Interventions feasible and are the outcomes from reference trials replicable? A Systematic Review and meta-analysis.
%B BMC public health
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 10
%N 1
%P 653
%@ 1471-2458
%X The clinical effectiveness of intensive lifestyle interventions in preventing or delaying diabetes in people at high risk has been established from randomised trials of structured, intensive interventions conducted in several countries over the past two decades. The challenge is to translate them into routine clinical settings. The objective of this review is to determine whether lifestyle interventions delivered to high-risk adult patients in routine clinical care settings are feasible and effective in achieving reductions in risk factors for diabetes.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111104 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Tudor-Locke, Catrine
%A Marshall, Alison L
%A Craig, Cora
%A Hagströmer, Maria
%A Sjöström, Michael
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire for assessing walking.
%B Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
%D 2010
%C United States
%I American Alliance for Health, Physical Education,
%V 81
%N 1
%P 97-101
%@ 0270-1367
%X Physical inactivity and its accompanying adverse sequelae (e.g., obesity and diabetes) are global health concerns. The single most commonly reported physical activity in public health surveys is walking (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000; Rafferty, Reeves, McGee, & Pivarnik, 2002). As evidence accumulates that walking is important for preventing weight gain (Levine et al., 2008) and reducing the risk of diabetes (Jeon, Lokken, Hu, & van Dam, 2007), there is increased need to capture this behavior in a valid and reliable manner. Although the disadvantages of a self-report methodology are well known (Sallis, & Saelens, 2000), it still represents the most feasible approach for conducting population-level surveillance across developed and developing countries. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was created and evaluated as a standardized instrument for this purpose. Although two versions of the IPAQwere designed and evaluated (short: nine items; and long: 31 items), the short form was recommended for population monitoring (Craig et al., 2003). However, it has not been recommended for intervention or research studies that require precise physical activity quantification to examine changes in physical activity at the individual level. IPAQ was also not intended to replace instruments that are more responsive to individual changes in activity level, such as objective measures. In addition to walking behaviors, IPAQ also assesses time spent in moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity as well as sitting behaviors, although the latter is not the focus of this analysis. Aggregated IPAQ data have been previously validated compared to accelerometers, and overall reliability was confirmed across 12 countries (Craig et al., 2003). Previous research showed criterion validity Spearman correlations with a median of 0.30 and test-retest reliability Spearman correlations clustered around 0.8 (Craig et al., 2003). The purpose of this study, however, was to reanalyze these data with respect to validity (again compared to an accelerometer) and test-retest reliability specifically for population monitoring of walking.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Mohsin, M
%A Bauman, A E
%A Forero, R
%T Socioeconomic correlates and trends in smoking in pregnancy in New South Wales, Australia.
%B Journal of epidemiology and community health
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Spai
%I BMJ Group
%V 65
%N 
%P 727-32
%@ 1470-2738
%X This study describes trends (1994-2007) in smoking in pregnancy (SIP) among an Australian population sample of women. This study also examines trends in the socioeconomic distribution of SIP over the 14-year period.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, C L
%A Bauman, A
%A Reger-Nash, B
%T Testing the hierarchy of effects model: ParticipACTION's serial mass communication campaigns on physical activity in Canada.
%B Health Promotion International
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, France
%I Oxford University Press
%V 25
%N 1
%P 14-23
%@ 0957-4824
%X The hierarchy of effects (HOE) model is often used in planning mass-reach communication campaigns to promote health, but has rarely been empirically tested. This paper examines Canada''s 30 year ParticipACTION campaign to promote physical activity (PA). A cohort from the nationally representative 1981 Canada Fitness Survey was followed up in 1988 and 2002-2004. Modelling of these data tested whether the mechanisms of campaign effects followed the theoretical framework proposed in the HOE. Campaign awareness was measured in 1981. Outcome expectancy, attitudes, decision balance and future intention were asked in 1988. PA was assessed at all time points. Logistic regression was used to sequentially test mediating and moderating variables adjusting for age, sex and education. No selection bias was observed; however, relatively fewer respondents than non-respondents smoked or were underweight at baseline. Among those inactive at baseline, campaign awareness predicted outcome expectancy which in turn predicted positive attitude to PA. Positive attitudes predicted high decision balance, which predicted future intention. Future intention mediated the relationship between decision balance and sufficient activity. Among those sufficiently active at baseline, awareness was unrelated to outcome expectancy and inversely related to positive attitude. These results lend support to the HOE model, in that the effects of ParticipACTION''s serial mass media campaigns were consistent with the sequential rollout of its messages, which in turn was associated with achieving an active lifestyle among those initially insufficiently active. This provides support to an often-used theoretical framework for designing health promotion media campaigns.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Colagiuri, Stephen
%A Vita, Philip
%A Cardona-Morrell, Magnolia
%A Singh, Maria Fiatarone
%A Farrell, Louise
%A Milat, Andrew
%A Haas, Marion
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T The Sydney Diabetes Prevention Program: A community-based translational study.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 10
%N 
%P 328
%@ 1471-2458
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem in Australia with prevalence increasing in parallel with increasing obesity. Prevention is an essential component of strategies to reduce the diabetes burden. There is strong and consistent evidence from randomised controlled trials that type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed through lifestyle modification which improves diet, increases physical activity and achieves weight loss in at risk people. The current challenge is to translate this evidence into routine community settings, determine feasible and effective ways of delivering the intervention and providing on-going support to sustain successful behavioural changes. METHODS/DESIGN: The Sydney Diabetes Prevention Program (SDPP) is a translational study which will be conducted in 1,550 participants aged 50-65 years (including 100 indigenous people aged 18 years and older) at high risk of future development of diabetes. Participants will be identified through a screening and recruitment program delivered through primary care and will be offered a community-based lifestyle modification intervention. The intervention comprises an initial individual session and three group sessions based on behaviour change principles and focuses on five goals: 5% weight loss, 210 min/week physical activity (aerobic and strength training exercise), limit dietary fat and saturated fat to less than 30% and 10% of energy intake respectively, and at least 15 g/1000 kcal dietary fibre. This is followed by 3-monthly contact with participants to review progress and offer ongoing lifestyle advice for 12 months. The effectiveness and costs of the program on diabetes-related risk factors will be evaluated. Main outcomes include changes in weight, physical activity, and dietary changes (fat, saturated fat and fibre intake). Secondary outcomes include changes in waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, lipids, quality of life, psychological well being, medication use and health service utilization. DISCUSSION: This translational study will ascertain the reach, feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle modification program delivered in a community setting through primary health care. If demonstrated to be effective, it will result in recommendations for policy change and practical methods for a wider community program for preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in high risk people.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799 1103


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rissel, Chris E
%A New, Carolyn
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Garrard, Jan
%T The effectiveness of community-based cycling promotion: findings from the Cycling Connecting Communities project in Sydney, Australia.
%B The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Uni
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 7
%N 1
%P 8
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Encouraging cycling is an important way to increase physical activity in the community. The Cycling Connecting Communities (CCC) Project is a community-based cycling promotion program that included a range of community engagement and social marketing activities, such as organised bike rides and events, cycling skills courses, the distribution of cycling maps of the area and coverage in the local press. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of this program designed to encourage the use of newly completed off-road cycle paths through south west Sydney, Australia. METHODS: The evaluation used a quasi-experimental design that consisted of a pre- and post-intervention telephone survey (24 months apart) of a cohort of residents (n = 909) in the intervention area (n = 520) (Fairfield and Liverpool) and a socio-demographically similar comparison area (n = 389) (Bankstown). Both areas had similar bicycle infrastructure. Four bicycle counters were placed on the main bicycle paths in the intervention and comparison areas to monitor daily bicycle use before and after the intervention. RESULTS: The telephone survey results showed significantly greater awareness of the Cycling Connecting Communities project (13.5% vs 8.0%, p < 0.05) in the intervention area, with significantly higher rates of cycling in the intervention area (32.9%) compared with the comparison area (9.7%) amongst those aware of the project. There was a significant increase in use of bicycle paths in the intervention area (28.3% versus 16.2%, p < 0.05). These findings were confirmed by the bike count data. CONCLUSION: Despite relatively modest resources, the Cycling Connecting Communities project achieved significant increases in bicycle path use, and increased cycling in some sub-groups. However, this community based intervention with limited funding had very limited reach into the community and did not increase population cycling levels.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bias, Thomas K
%A Leyden, Kevin M
%A Abildso, Christiaan G
%A Reger-Nash, Bill
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T The importance of being parsimonious: reliability of a brief community walkability assessment instrument.
%B Health & Place
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 16
%N 4
%P 755-758
%@ 1873-2054
%X This research presents the Leyden Walkability Instrument (LWI), a brief survey checklist designed to measure the perceived walkability of a neighborhood or community where a respondent lives. The reliability of this instrument was tested using the intra-class correlation and found to be moderately substantially reliable (Landis-Koch rating) in every survey item (ranging from .54 to .76 and ranging in observed agreement from 72.8% to 93.9% with an overall instrument score of .71 and an observed agreement of 81.6%). The LWI is discussed in the context of other survey instruments designed to measure perceived walkability and found to be a useful addition because of its brevity and ease of use.
%Z FOR Codes: 111705


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Berry, Tanya R
%A Spence, John C
%A Plotnikoff, Ronald C
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A McCargar, Linda
%A Witcher, Chad
%A Clark, Marianne
%A Stolp, Sean
%T A mixed methods evaluation of televised health promotion advertisements targeted at older adults.
%B Evaluation and Program Planning
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 32
%N 3
%P 278-288
%@ 1873-7870
%X The purpose of this research was to evaluate television advertisements targeted at 55-70-year olds that promoted physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Awareness of the campaign, perceived credibility of the source, intentions to visit a promoted website, and intentions to perform the healthy behaviors were evaluated using mixed methods research. Results from a population level survey (n=1600) showed low unprompted and prompted awareness of the campaign and no differences in intentions or behaviors among those who were aware of the campaign. Unprompted recall resulted in a very wide range of responses including the citation of many commercial advertisers. Qualitative themes that emerged from the focus groups included neutral, positive, and negative comments about the advertisements, source credibility, website considerations specific to seniors, and suggestions about appropriate advertising for older adults. This research showed that the increased attention paid to the advertisements was due in a large part to negative reactions to the character used in the advertisements. Another important finding was the government was not considered to be a credible source of health information. Finally, health promoters should be cautious about websites as the primary source of information, particularly for older adults.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Chey, Tien
%A Chau, Josephine
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Barr, Margo
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Are messages about lifestyle walking being heard? Trends in walking for all purposes in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
%B Preventive medicine
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Academic Press Inc
%V 48
%N 4
%P 341-4
%@ 0091-7435
%X To examine population trends in lifestyle walking in New South Wales (NSW), Australia between 1998 and 2006.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Ferney, Shannon L
%A Moorhead, Gary E
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Brown, Wendy J
%T Awareness of and changing perceptions of physical activity guidelines among delegates at the Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport.
%B Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Elsevier Australia
%V 12
%N 6
%P 642-646
%@ 1878-1861
%X Health and exercise professionals have an important role to play in the promotion of physical activity (PA), in that they can provide PA advice to their patients and clients. In order for them to do this, they must be aware of, and understand, current PA guidelines and messages. This study aimed to compare levels of awareness and understanding of the moderate PA message among delegates at the 1999 Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport (ACSMS) with those of delegates at the 2007 ACSMS. The same self-report survey that was used in 1999 was administered to delegates attending the 2007 ACSMS during a plenary session. In 1999, 34% of respondents (N=292) had heard of the US Surgeon General''s (USSG) report and the corresponding PA guidelines. In 2007 this awareness was 70% (N=241). Despite this increase, there was a decline in understanding of the moderate PA message: In 2007, 19% of respondents correctly answered four out of five questions about the PA guidelines, compared with 43% in 1999 (p<0.000). There was however an increase in the proportion who acknowledged that "discussing the benefits of moderate PA is part of my professional role" (from 53.1% in 1999 to 86.5% in 2007). While awareness of the PA guidelines and acknowledgment of the role of health and exercise professionals in promoting PA have increased, many delegates did not understand the moderate physical activity message. As was the case in 1999, there is still a need for professional education strategies to be developed in this area.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Cerin, Ester
%A Kassis, Mazen
%A Brown, Wendy
%A Smith, Ben
%A Rissel, Chris
%T Can a Motivational Intervention Overcome an Unsupportive Environment for Walking-Findings from the Step-by-Step Study.
%B Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Springer New York LLC
%V 38
%N 2
%P 137-46
%@ 1532-4796
%X Interventions to promote walking have rarely examined how their effects varied by the attributes of the physical environment.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699 60699 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gill, Timothy P
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Steinbeck, Kate S
%A Storlien, Leonard H
%A Fiatarone Singh, Maria A
%A Brand-Miller, Jennie C
%A Colagiuri, Stephen
%A Caterson, Ian D
%T Childhood obesity in Australia remains a widespread health concern that warrants population-wide prevention programs.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 190
%N 3
%P 146-148
%@ 1326-5377
%X Recent reports have suggested that the problem of childhood and adolescent obesity has been exaggerated in Australia, and that community-wide obesity prevention initiatives are not warranted; we argue that this is not an accurate reflection of the situation. Available data indicate that obesity affects 6%-8% of Australian schoolchildren, and that the proportion has continued to increase in recent years. Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with a wide range of immediate health concerns, as well as increasing the risk of disease in adulthood. Some weight-related health problems are also found in overweight children. A range of strategies, including whole-of-community obesity prevention programs, will be required to tackle this problem. Concerns about disordered eating in children and adolescents should not preclude appropriate action on childhood obesity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gebel, Klaus
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Owen, Neville
%T Correlates of non-concordance between perceived and objective measures of walkability.
%B Annals of Behavioral Medicine
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Springer New York LLC
%V 37
%N 2
%P 228-238
%@ 1532-4796
%X BACKGROUND: Objective and self-reported physical environmental attributes have been related to physical activity. PURPOSE: We examined the characteristics of adults who are resident in objectively identified high walkable neighborhoods but whose perceptions of neighborhood attributes are not concordant with objective attributes relating to high walkability. METHODS: Neighborhood built-environment attributes relating to walkability (dwelling density, intersection density, land use mix, and net retail area) were determined objectively, using Geographic Information System databases; data on corresponding perceptions of local environment attributes (from the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale) were derived from a self-completion survey of a socially diverse sample of 2,650 adults aged 19 to 65. Objective and perceived walkability attributes were categorized using median splits, and correlates of non-concordance were determined using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: There was a fair overall agreement between objectively determined walkability and perceived walkability (Kappa = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.31-0.39). Among those resident in objectively assessed high walkable areas (n = 1,063), 32.1% perceived them to be low walkable; conversely, 32.7% (n = 1,021) resident in objectively determined low walkability areas perceived them to be high. For residents of objectively determined high walkable areas, the characteristics that differentiated those with perceptions of low walkability (non-concordant perceptions) from those with concordant perceptions of high walkability were: not being university-educated (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06-2.04); having lower household incomes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.09-2.17); being overweight (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.03-2.07); and walking fewer days per week for transport (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.11-2.70). Higher walking times and more positive cognitive variables were noted among participants who lived in a neighborhood with low walkability that was perceived as high compared to those who lived in a high walkable environment that was perceived as low walkable. CONCLUSION: Adults with lower educational attainment and lower incomes, who were overweight, or who were less physically active for transportation purposes, were more likely to misperceive their high walkable neighborhood as low walkable. There is the potential for physical activity promotion and persuasion strategies to address non-concordant perceptions, especially among those who live in high walkable environments but perceive them to be low and also among those who are socially disadvantaged and are less active. Perceptions of environmental attributes may be more strongly correlated with cognitive antecedents and with behavior than are objective measures.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Aitken, Robert J
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret A
%A King, Lesley A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Current and future costs of cancer, heart disease and stroke attributable to obesity in Australia - a comparison of two birth cohorts.
%B Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I HEC Press
%V 18
%N 1
%P 63-70
%@ 1440-6047
%X The obesity epidemic appears set to worsen the morbidity and mortality from leading causes of death in Australia - ischaemic heart disease, stroke and obesity-related cancers. The aim of this study was to compare hospital separations, deaths and direct health costs for middle-aged adults (45 to 54 years) in 2004/05 with those attaining age 45 to 54 years in 2024/25 who were born into an obesogenic environment. Using data from National Health Surveys, prevalence of obesity in 2004/05 was calculated for those born in 1950/51-59/60 and four scenarios were considered to project rates in 2024/25 for those born in 1970/71-79/80: an age-cohort model; a linear trend model; a steady state where rates increase to equal those of the older birth cohort at the same age; and a best case where rates remain at 2004/05 levels. Population attributable fractions were calculated by gender and disease using relative risks of disease from the literature, and applied to hospital separations, deaths, and direct health system costs data to estimate the proportion of each attributable to obesity. In 2024/25 the projected number of hospitalizations of 45 to 54 year olds due to the diseases of interest could be more than halved, over 200 lives rescued and $51.5 million (in 2004/05 dollars) saved if further gains in obesity in the younger birth cohort are halted. Instead, if the worst case scenario is realized there will be a more than doubling in costs (in 2004/05 dollars) compared with those born in 1950/51-59/60.
%Z FOR Codes: 111104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Rissel, Chris
%T Cycling and health: an opportunity for positive change?
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 190
%N 7
%P 347-348
%@ 0025-729X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Butler, Lyra
%A Furber, Susan
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Mark, Andrew
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Effects of a pedometer-based intervention on physical activity levels after cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial.
%B Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 29
%N 2
%P 105-114
%@ 1932-7501
%X PURPOSE: In Australia, patient adherence to physical activity after a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) is poor. This study evaluated the efficacy of a pedometer-based intervention to increase physical activity after CRP. METHODS: Patients (n = 110) who had attended a CRP were randomized into an intervention or a control group. The 6-week intervention included self-monitored physical activity using a pedometer and step calendar and 2 behavioral counseling and goal-setting sessions. Self-reported physical activity and psychosocial status were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Participant exercise capacity was measured using a gas exchange analysis system. RESULTS: Study groups were not significantly different at baseline, except for occupation. At 6 weeks and 6 months, improvements in total physical activity sessions (P = .002 and P = .016, respectively), walking minutes (P = .013, 6 weeks only), and walking sessions (P < .001 and P = .035) in the intervention group were significantly greater than those in the control group after adjusting for baseline differences. At 6 months, total physical activity minutes in the intervention group also increased significantly more than those in the control group (P = .044). These self-reported behavioral changes were corroborated by improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness at 6 months in the intervention group (P = .01). There were also significant improvements in psychosocial health at 6 weeks and 6 months in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: The pedometer-based intervention was successful in increasing physical activity in cardiac patients after a CRP. This intervention could be given to patients to promote adherence to physical activity guidelines after a CRP, particularly in centers where maintenance programs are not available.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Buffart, L M
%A van der Ploeg, H P
%A Smith, B J
%A Kurko, J
%A King, L
%A Bauman, A E
%T General practitioners' perceptions and practices of physical activity counselling: changes over the past 10 years.
%B British Journal of Sports Medicine
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 43
%N 14
%P 1149-1153
%@ 1473-0480
%X OBJECTIVE: In this work, trends in general practitioners'' (GP) knowledge, confidence and practices in promoting physical activity to patients over a 10-year period (1997-2007) were studied. DESIGN: Repeated cross-sectional population survey SETTING: General practice in New South Wales (Australia) PARTICIPANTS: 646 (40%), 747 (53%) and 511 (64%) GPs that were registered in a selection of urban and rural divisions in New South Wales participated in 2007, 2000 and 1997, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report questionnaire on the GP''s knowledge, confidence, role perception, attendance of continuous professional development and counselling practice with regard to promoting physical activity in their patients were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: The majority of GPs felt confident in giving physical activity advice and saw it as their role to do so. The proportion of GPs with high confidence and role perception increased between 1997 and 2000 (p<0.001) but remained unchanged thereafter. In 1997, GPs were 0.54 times less likely (95% CI 0.42 to 0.69, p<0.001) to discuss physical activity with more than 10 patients per week than GPs in 2007. However, the percentage of new patients that were asked about their physical activity did not change over the last decade. CONCLUSIONS: Most increases in the proportion of GPs reporting high knowledge, role perception and confidence in giving physical activity advice to patients occurred between 1997 and 2000 and remained unchanged thereafter. In 2007, GPs appeared to give more physical activity advice, but Australian general practice is not yet living up to its potential with regard to physical activity promotion.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111716 111710


%0 Book Section
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%T How Can We Increase Physical Activity Levels?
%B Epidemiologic Methods in Physical Activity Studies
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Oxford University Press
%V 
%N 
%P 302-316
%@ 9780195183009
%E Lee, I-Min
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A St George, Alexis
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Johnston, Amanda
%A Farrell, Geoffrey
%A Chey, Tien
%A George, Jacob
%T Independent effects of physical activity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
%B Hepatology
%D 2009
%C United States
%I John Wiley & Sons Inc.
%V 50
%N 1
%P 68-76
%@ 0270-9139
%X Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, characterized by elevated liver enzymes, central obesity, and insulin resistance, is becoming increasingly prevalent. The effects of changes in physical activity on the metabolic profile of this group have not been reported. We assessed at 3 months the impact of a behavior change-based lifestyle intervention on physical activity and the effects of this change on the metabolic profile of people with fatty liver disease. In all, 141 participants with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were prospectively enrolled into either a low- or moderate-intensity lifestyle intervention or to a control group. Physical activity was assessed using a validated reporting tool and physical fitness was measured using the YMCA protocol on a cycle ergometer. Individualized counseling to increase physical activity was provided. Overall, 96% of participants attended the 3-month follow-up assessment. Participants in the moderate- and low-intensity intervention groups were 9 times more likely to increase physical activity by an hour or more per week compared to controls. Patients increasing or maintaining their reported physical activity to > or =150 minutes/week, and those who increased their objective levels of fitness, had the greatest improvements in liver enzymes and other metabolic indices compared to those who were least active. This effect was independent of weight loss and was corroborated by an objective measure of fitness. There was no dose-response effect on liver enzymes with incremental increases in physical activity above 60 minutes/week. Conclusion: Lifestyle counseling interventions are effective in improving physical activity behavior. Maintaining or increasing physical activity provides health benefits for patients with fatty liver, independent of changes in weight.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Steel, Zachary
%A Silove, Derrick
%A Giao, Nguyen Mong
%A Phan, Thuy Thi Bich
%A Chey, Tien
%A Whelan, Anna
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Bryant, Richard A
%T International and indigenous diagnoses of mental disorder among Vietnamese living in Vietnam and Australia.
%B British Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Royal College of Psychiatrists
%V 194
%N 4
%P 326-333
%@ 1472-1465
%X BACKGROUND: Whether the prevalence rates of common mental disorders can be compared across countries depends on the cultural validity of the diagnostic measures used. AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of Western and indigenously defined mental disorders among Vietnamese living in Vietnam and in Australia, comparing the data with an Australian-born sample. METHOD: Comparative analysis of three multistage population surveys, including samples drawn from a community living in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam (n=3039), Vietnamese immigrants residing in New South Wales, Australia (n=1161), and an Australian-born population (n=7961). Western-defined mental disorders were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 2.0 and included DSM-IV anxiety, mood and substance use disorders as well as the ICD-10 category of neurasthenia. The Vietnamese surveys also applied the indigenously based Phan Vietnamese Psychiatric Scale (PVPS). Functional impairment and service use were assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of CIDI mental disorders for Mekong Delta Vietnamese was 1.8% compared with 6.1% for Australian Vietnamese and 16.7% for Australians. Inclusion of PVPS mental disorders increased the prevalence rates to 8.8% for Mekong Delta Vietnamese and 11.7% for Australian Vietnamese. Concordance was moderate to good between the CIDI and the PVPS for Australian Vietnamese (area under the curve (AUC)=0.77) but low for Mekong Vietnamese (AUC=0.59). PVPS- and CIDI-defined mental disorders were associated with similar levels of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural factors in the expression of mental distress may influence the prevalence rates of mental disorders reported across countries. The findings have implications for assessing mental health needs at an international level.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Finegood, Diane T
%A Matsudo, Victor
%T International perspectives on the physical inactivity crisis - structural solutions over evidence generation?
%B Preventive medicine
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 49
%N 4
%P 309-12
%@ 0091-7435
%X Many programs to increase physical activity have been evaluated in developed countries, where ''leisure time physical activity'' is the most frequent domain for interventions. In developing countries, and also with reference to global obesity prevention, different kinds of interventions targeting ''total physical activity'' are needed. This requires efforts across agencies and sectors, and in the domains of work, active transport, reduced sitting time, as well as leisure time physical activity promotion. In considering possible solutions, this commentary examined the use of complex systems, where integrated efforts across sectors and agencies might, in combination, contribute to increasing total physical activity. The key sets of actions required globally to increase physical activity were, in our opinion, [i] efforts to disseminate individual-level behavior change programs to reach much larger populations rather than volunteers, [ii] social marketing and mass communication campaigns to change social norms in the community and among professionals and policymakers, [iii] efforts to influence the social and physical environment to make them more conducive to physical activity, and [iv] the development and implementation of national physical activity plans and strategies, with sufficient timelines and resources to achieve measurable change.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bowles, Heather
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Measuring walking for physical activity surveillance--the effect of prompts and respondents' interpretation of walking in a leisure-time survey.
%B Journal of Physical Activity & Health
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 6
%N Suppl 1
%P S81-S88
%@ 1543-3080
%X BACKGROUND: Walking is the most prevalent form of leisure time physical activity (LTPA). Advances in measurement of walking depend on understanding sources of error in self report. We examined the effect of prompting "walking for exercise, recreation, and sport" (WERS) upon surveillance estimates of LTPA and assessed what types of walking were recalled when reporting LTPA generally and when WERS was prompted specifically. METHODS: Data were collected by telephone survey from a random sample of 3,415 Australian adults (> or = 15 yrs). Respondents were asked first to recall any type of LTPA they participated in (unprompted) and if walking was not mentioned, WERS was prompted. All walkers were asked to describe the type of walking they did. Open-ended responses were categorized according to physical activity measurement dimensions. RESULTS: Forty three percent did not report WERS unless prompted to do so. The prevalence of meeting recommendations by all LTPA was reduced by 10% for both genders and across all age groups if not prompted to recall WERS. The interpretation of WERS was broad and included travel related walking and dog walking whether unprompted or prompted. CONCLUSIONS: Current challenges in walking surveillance include ensuring that both researchers and respondents understand WERS in a standardized manner.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 1106


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Sallis, James F
%A Bowles, Heather R
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Ainsworth, Barbara E
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Craig, Cora L
%A Sjöström, Michael
%A De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse
%A Lefevre, Johan
%A Matsudo, Victor
%A Matsudo, Sandra
%A Macfarlane, Duncan J
%A Gomez, Luis Fernando
%A Inoue, Shigeru
%A Murase, Norio
%A Volbekiene, Vida
%A McLean, Grant
%A Carr, Harriette
%A Heggebo, Lena Klasson
%A Tomten, Heidi
%A Bergman, Patrick
%T Neighborhood environments and physical activity among adults in 11 countries.
%B American Journal of Preventive Medicine
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 36
%N 6
%P 484-490
%@ 0749-3797
%X BACKGROUND: Understanding environmental correlates of physical activity can inform policy changes. Surveys were conducted in 11 countries using the same self-report environmental variables and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, allowing analyses with pooled data. METHODS: The participating countries were Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, China (Hong Kong), Japan, Lithuania, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the U.S., with a combined sample of 11,541 adults living in cities. Samples were reasonably representative, and seasons of data collection were comparable. Participants indicated whether seven environmental attributes were present in their neighborhood. Outcomes were measures of whether health-related guidelines for physical activity were met. Data were collected in 2002-2003 and analyzed in 2007. Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations of physical activity with environmental attributes, adjusted for age, gender, and clustering within country. RESULTS: Five of seven environmental variables were significantly related to meeting physical activity guidelines, ranging from access to low-cost recreation facilities (OR=1.16) to sidewalks on most streets (OR=1.47). A graded association was observed, with the most activity-supportive neighborhoods having 100% higher rates of sufficient physical activity compared to those with no supportive attributes. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest neighborhoods built to support physical activity have a strong potential to contribute to increased physical activity. Designing neighborhoods to support physical activity can now be defined as an international public health issue.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, Cora L
%A Cameron, Christine
%A Griffiths, Joe
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Tudor-Locke, Catrine
%A Andersen, Ross E
%T Non-response bias in physical activity trend estimates.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 9
%N 
%P 425
%@ 1471-2458
%X BACKGROUND: Increases in reported leisure time physical activity (PA) and obesity have been observed in several countries. One hypothesis for these apparently contradictory trends is differential bias in estimates over time. The purpose of this short report is to examine the potential impact of changes in response rates over time on the prevalence of adequate PA in Canadian adults. METHODS: Participants were recruited in representative national telephone surveys of PA from 1995-2007. Differences in PA prevalence estimates between participants and those hard to reach were assessed using Student''s t tests adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The number of telephone calls required to reach and speak with someone in the household increased over time, as did the percentage of selected participants who initially refused during the first interview attempt. A higher prevalence of adequate PA was observed with 5-9 attempts to reach anyone in the household in 1999-2002, but this was not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION: No significant impact on PA trend estimates was observed due to differential non response rates. It is important for health policy makers to understand potential biases and how these may affect secular trends in all aspects of the energy balance equation.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, Cora L
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Gauvin, Lise
%A Robertson, Jennifer
%A Murumets, Kelly
%T ParticipACTION: A mass media campaign targeting parents of inactive children; knowledge, saliency, and trialing behaviours.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 6
%N 
%P 88
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In late 2007, Canada''s ParticipACTION national physical activity mass media campaign was re-launched, with an initial campaign targeting parents of elementary school-aged children. The campaign informed them about the risks of physical inactivity for children and youth. The purpose of this study was to assess campaign awareness and understanding following the campaign, and to identify whether exposure to this campaign was likely associated with behaviour change. METHODS: A convenience sample of 1,500 adults was recruited though an existing panel (n = 60,000) of Canadian adults to participate in online surveys. Initial campaign exposure included "prompted" and "unprompted" recall of specific physical activity messages from the 2007 ParticipACTION campaign, knowledge of the benefits of PA, saliency, and initial trial behaviours to help their children become more active. RESULTS: One quarter of respondents showed unprompted recall of specific message content from the ParticipACTION campaign, and prompted recall was 57%. Message recall and understanding was associated with knowledge about physical activity, and that in turn was related to high saliency. Saliency was associated with each of the physical activity-related trial behaviours asked. CONCLUSION: Campaign awareness and understanding was high following this ParticipACTION campaign, and was associated with intermediate campaign outcomes, including saliency and trial behaviours. This is relevant to campaign evaluations, as it suggests that an initial focus on influencing awareness and understanding is likely to lead to more substantial change in campaign endpoints.
%Z FOR Codes: 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Spence, John C
%A Brawley, Lawrence R
%A Craig, Cora Lynn
%A Plotnikoff, Ronald C
%A Tremblay, Mark S
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Faulkner, Guy Ej
%A Chad, Karen
%A Clark, Marianne I
%T ParticipACTION: Awareness of the participACTION campaign among Canadian adults - Examining the knowledge gap hypothesis and a hierarchy-of-effects model.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 6
%N 
%P 85
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: ParticipACTION was a pervasive communication campaign that promoted physical activity in the Canadian population for three decades. According to McGuire''s hierarchy-of-effects model (HOEM), this campaign should influence physical activity through intermediate mediators such as beliefs and intention. Also, when such media campaigns occur, knowledge gaps often develop within the population about the messages being conveyed. The purposes of this study were to (a) determine the current awareness of ParticipACTION campaigns among Canadians; (b) confirm if awareness of the ParticipACTION initiative varied as a function of levels of education and household income; and, (c) to examine whether awareness of ParticipACTION was associated with physical activity related beliefs, intentions, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) as suggested by the HOEM. Specifically, we tested a model including awareness of ParticipACTION (unprompted, prompted), outcome expectations, self-efficacy, intention, and physical activity status. METHODS: A population-based survey was conducted on 4,650 Canadians over a period of 6 months from August, 2007 to February, 2008 (response rate = 49%). The survey consisted of a set of additional questions on the 2007 Physical Activity Monitor (PAM). Our module on the PAM included questions related to awareness and knowledge of ParticipACTION. Weighted logistic models were constructed to test the knowledge gap hypotheses and to examine whether awareness was associated with physical activity related beliefs (i.e., outcome expectations, self-efficacy), intention, and LTPA. All analyses included those respondents who were 20 years of age and older in 2007/2008 (N = 4424). RESULTS: Approximately 8% of Canadians were still aware of ParticipACTION unprompted and 82% were aware when prompted. Both education and income were significant correlates of awareness among Canadians. The odds of people being aware of ParticipACTION were greater if they were more educated and reported higher income. Awareness of ParticipACTION was also associated with outcome expectations, self-efficacy, intention, and LTPA status. CONCLUSION: Awareness of ParticipACTION is associated with LTPA. Knowledge gaps in awareness are associated with level of education and household income. Thus, future promotion campaigns should include specific strategies to target different segments of the population, especially people who are living in deprived conditions with lower levels of education.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Plotnikoff, Ronald C
%A Todosijczuk, Ivan
%A Faulkner, Guy
%A Pickering, Michael A
%A Cragg, Susan
%A Chad, Karen
%A Spence, John C
%A Tremblay, Mark
%A Craig, Cora L
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Brawley, Larry
%A Gauvin, Lise
%T ParticipACTION: Baseline assessment of the 'new ParticipACTION': A quantitative survey of Canadian organizational awareness and capacity.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 6
%N 
%P 86
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: ParticipACTION is a Canadian physical activity (PA) communications and social marketing organization that was relaunched in 2007 after a six-year hiatus. This study assesses the baseline awareness and capacity of Canadian organizations that promote physical activity, to adopt, implement and promote ParticipACTION''s physical activity campaign. The three objectives were: (1) to determine organizational awareness of both the ''original'' and ''new'' ParticipACTION; (2) to report baseline levels of three organizational capacity domains (i.e., to adopt, implement and externally promote physical activity initiatives); and, (3) to explore potential differences in those domains based on organizational size, sector and primary mandate. METHODS: Organizations at local, provincial/territorial, and national levels were sent an invitation via email prior to the official launch of ParticipACTION to complete an on-line survey. The survey assessed their organization''s capacity to adopt, implement and externally promote a new physical activity campaign within their organizational mandates. Descriptive statistics were employed to address the first two study objectives. A series of one-way analysis of variance were conducted to examine the third objective. RESULTS: The response rate was 29.7% (268/902). The majority of responding organizations had over 40 employees and had operated for over 10 years. Education was the most common primary mandate, followed by sport and recreation. Organizations were evenly distributed between government and not-for-profits. Approximately 96% of respondents had heard of the ''original'' ParticipACTION while 54.6% had heard of the ''new'' ParticipACTION (Objective 1). Findings indicate good organizational capacity in Canada to promote physical activity (Objective 2) based on reported means of approximately 4.0 (on 5-point scales) for capacity to adopt, implement, and externally promote new physical activity campaigns. Capacity to adopt new physical activity campaigns differed by organizational sector and mandate, and capacity to implement differed by organizational mandate (Objective 3). CONCLUSION: At baseline, and without specific details of the campaign, respondents believe they have good capacity to work with ParticipACTION. ParticipACTION may do well to capitalize on the existing strong organizational capacity components of leadership, infrastructure and ''will'' of national organizations to facilitate the success of its future campaigns.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Faulkner, Guy
%A McCloy, Cora
%A Plotnikoff, Ronald C
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Brawley, Larry R
%A Chad, Karen
%A Gauvin, Lise
%A Spence, John C
%A Tremblay, Mark S
%T ParticipACTION: Baseline assessment of the capacity available to the 'New ParticipACTION': A qualitative study of Canadian organizations.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 6
%N 
%P 87
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the original ParticipACTION campaign effects focused on individual awareness, recall, and understanding. Less studied has been the impact such campaigns have had on the broader organizational capacity to mobilize and advocate for physical activity. With the relaunch of ParticipACTION, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore baseline organizational capacity to promote physical activity messages, programs, and services within the Canadian context. METHODS: Using a purposeful sampling strategy, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 49 key informants representing a range of national, provincial, and local organizations with a mandate to promote physical activity. Interview data were analysed using a thematic analytic approach. RESULTS: Key informants painted a generally positive picture of current organizational capacity to promote physical activity messages, programs, and services in Canada. Will and leadership were clear strengths while infrastructure limitations remained the greatest concern. Some specific challenges included: 1) funding issues: the absence of core funding in a climate of shifting funding priorities; 2) the difficulty of working without a national physical activity policy (lack of leadership); 3) inconsistent provincial and educational sector level policies; and 4) a persistent focus on obesity rather than physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: The data generated here can be utilized to monitor the future impact of ParticipACTION on enhancing and utilizing this organizational capacity. A range of indicators are suggested that could be used to illustrate ParticipACTION''s impact on the broad field of physical activity promotion in the future.
%Z FOR Codes: 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Cavill, Nick
%A Brawley, Lawrence
%T ParticipACTION: the future challenges for physical activity promotion in Canada.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 6
%N 1
%P 89
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: This commentary is the concluding piece of a series of papers about the Canadian ParticipACTION initiative. It describes the resurgence of the new ParticipACTION as a national communications initiative in Canada, and sets this in an international context. The set of ParticipACTION papers in this issue establish benchmarks and provide baseline and initial impact data for the evaluation and monitoring of ParticipACTION, using qualitative and quantiative research methods. As a set, they describe a comprehensive approach to setting up evaluations of national social marketing efforts to promote physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Trinh, Oanh T H
%A Nguyen, Nguyen D
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Dibley, Michael J
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Prevalence and risk factors with overweight and obesity among Vietnamese adults: Caucasian and Asian cut-offs.
%B Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I HEC Press
%V 18
%N 2
%P 226-233
%@ 1440-6047
%X OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with overweight/obesity among adults in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) using Caucasian and Asian cut-offs. Study design: A cross-sectional survey. METHODS: In 2005, 1,971 adults aged 25-64 years in HCMC were randomly selected using a proportional to population size sampling method to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Multivariable logistic models were used to examine associations between overweight/obesity and socioeconomic status, health-related behaviors, and biochemical indices of chronic disease risk. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity using the Caucasian BMI cut-offs were 13.9% and 1.8% respectively, and those with the Asian BMI cut-offs were 27.5% and 5.7%, respectively. The abdominal adiposity rates were higher than the BMI overweight and obesity rates in women, but not in men. Increasing age, low education, high household wealth index, high levels of sitting and reclining time, cholesterol and high blood pressure were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Current smoking and sedentary leisure time was significantly negatively associated with this status in men. CONCLUSION: Associations between overweight/obesity and metabolic disorders were evident using both cut-offs. Asian cut-offs identified more risk factors and therefore could be considered for defining at-risk groups. The results highlight the importance of intervention programs to prevent overweight/obesity in young adults.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Ainsworth, Barbara E
%A Bull, Fiona
%A Craig, Cora L
%A Hagströmer, Maria
%A Sallis, James F
%A Pratt, Michael
%A Sjöström, Michael
%T Progress and pitfalls in the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for adult physical activity surveillance.
%B Journal of Physical Activity & Health
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 6
%N Suppl 1
%P S5-S8
%@ 1543-3080
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Armit, Christine M
%A Brown, Wendy J
%A Marshall, Alison L
%A Ritchie, Carrie B
%A Trost, Stewart G
%A Green, Anita
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Randomized trial of three strategies to promote physical activity in general practice.
%B Preventive Medicine
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 48
%N 2
%P 156-163
%@ 0091-7435
%X OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three strategies for promoting physical activity (PA) in a primary care setting. METHOD: Data were collected between 2002 and 2004 from 136 patients attending two general practices in Brisbane, Australia. Inactive patients (50-70 years) were randomly allocated to one of three hierarchical intervention groups: the general practitioner (GP) group received ''brief'' advice; the GP+ES group also received behavior change advice from an exercise scientist (ES); and the GP+ES+P group also received a pedometer. Self-reported PA and its determinants were measured at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. Cardio-respiratory variables were measured at baseline and week 12. RESULTS: Overall, mean PA time increased by 84 and 128 min/week at weeks 12 and 24 (p<.01) with no significant group differences. Small improvements in blood pressure and post-exercise heart rate were observed. At week 24, the GP+ES+P group were more likely to report meeting PA guidelines than the GP group (OR=2.39 95% CI: 1.01, 5.64). CONCLUSION: PA levels can be increased in mid- to older-age adults, either by brief advice from motivated GPs alone, or from collaboration between GPs and ESs. The most intense intervention (GP+ES+P) showed the most promising results.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cust, Anne
%A Armstrong, Bruce
%A Smith, Ben
%A Chau, Josephine
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Self-Reported Confidence in Recall as a Predictor of Validity and Repeatability of Physical Activity Questionnaire Data.
%B Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
%V 20
%N 0
%P 433-41
%@ 1531-5487
%X Self-reported confidence ratings have been used in other research disciplines as a tool to assess data quality, and may be useful in epidemiologic studies.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Brown, W J
%A Bauman, A E
%A Owen, N
%T Stand up, sit down, keep moving: turning circles in physical activity research?
%B British journal of sports medicine
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 43
%N 2
%P 86-88
%@ 1473-0480
%X This review tracks the evidence and associated recommendations and guidelines for optimal levels of physical activity for health benefit. In the 1950s, early epidemiological studies focused on the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality associated with sitting at work. The period from the mid-seventies to the turn of the century saw an initial focus on the health benefits of vigorous exercise give way to mounting evidence for the benefits of moderate-intensity physical activity. As daily energy expenditure in most domains of human activity (travel, domestic and occupational work, and leisure) continues to decline, early 21st century researchers are starting to turn full circle, with a rekindling of interest in the health effects of sedentary behaviour at work, and indeed in the balance between activity and sedentariness in all aspects of daily life.
%Z FOR Codes: 110604


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Neubeck, Lis
%A Redfern, Julie
%A Fernandez, Ritin
%A Briffa, Tom
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Freedman, Saul Ben
%T Telehealth interventions for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: a systematic review.
%B European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 16
%N 3
%P 281-9
%@ 1741-8275
%X Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death globally. Despite proven health benefits and international recommendations, attendance at cardiac rehabilitation programs is poor. Telehealth (phone, Internet, and videoconference communication between patient and health-care provider) has emerged as an innovative way of delivering health interventions. This review aimed to determine telehealth effectiveness in CHD management. Study design includes systematic review with meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials evaluating telehealth interventions in patients with CHD were identified by searching multiple electronic databases, reference lists, relevant conference lists, gray literature, and key-word searching of the Internet. Studies were selected if they evaluated a telephone, videoconference, or web-based intervention, provided objective measurements of mortality, changes in multiple risk factor levels or quality of life. In total, 11 trials were identified (3145 patients). Telehealth interventions were associated with nonsignificant lower all-cause mortality than controls [relative risk=0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.45-1.1; P=0.12]. These interventions showed a significantly lower weighted mean difference (WMD) at medium long-term follow-up than controls for total cholesterol (WMD=0.37 mmol/l, 95% CI=0.19-0.56, P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (WMD=4.69 mmHg, 95% CI=2.91-6.47, P<0.001), and fewer smokers (relative risk = 0.84, 95% CI=0.65-0.98, P = 0.04). Significant favorable changes at follow-up were also found in high-density lipoprotien and low-density lipoprotein. In conclusion, telehealth interventions provide effective risk factor reduction and secondary prevention. Provision of telehealth models could help increase uptake of a formal secondary prevention by those who do not access cardiac rehabilitation and narrow the current evidence-practice gap.
%Z FOR Codes: 1102


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Trinh, Oanh T H
%A Nguyen, Nguyen Do
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Dibley, Michael J
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Test-retest repeatability and relative validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire in a developing country context.
%B Journal of physical activity & health
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 6
%N suppl 1
%P S46-S53
%@ 1543-3080
%X BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of chronic lifestyle diseases in developing countries warrants reliable and valid surveillance of physical activity levels in the population. This study assesses the test-retest repeatability and criterion validity of the WHO-recommended Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in Vietnamese adults during the dry and wet seasons. METHODS: In 2007 a representative sample of 169 adults (25-64 years) was recruited to determine the GPAQ reliability and validity. GPAQ assesses time and intensity of physical activities spent during a usual week. To assess short and long term reliability, participants completed the GPAQ twice during the dry season 2 weeks apart and again 2 months later during the wet season. For validation purposes, participants wore an accelerometer during the 7 days before the first and last GPAQ assessments. RESULTS: The total GPAQ score showed repeatability correlations of 0.69 after 2 weeks and of 0.55 after 2 months. Total GPAQ score and accelerometer data showed validity correlations of 0.34 and 0.20 in the dry and wet season, respectively. There was a difference in physical activity patterns between the dry and wet seasons. CONCLUSIONS: GPAQ is suitable for surveillance of physical activity among adults in Vietnam.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111712 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chau, Josephine
%A Bonfiglioli, Catriona
%A Chey, Tien
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T The Cinderella of public health news: physical activity coverage in Australian newspapers, 1986-2006.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 33
%N 2
%P 189-192
%@ 1326-0200
%X OBJECTIVE: This research examined trends in physical activity reporting by Australian newspapers, and described these trends compared to coverage of obesity and tobacco. METHOD: The Factiva database was searched for articles published in major Australian metropolitan newspapers (1986-2006) that mentioned physical activity, obesity or tobacco smoking. Standardised frequencies compared the three health issues, and trends in reporting were estimated by using standard multiple regression models to fit linear splines with fixed knots at years 1991, 1996 and 2001 to the standardised data. RESULTS: Physical activity received the least coverage 1986-2006, appearing in 4,988 articles, compared with 15,410 and 63,738 articles for obesity and tobacco respectively. Between 1996 and 2000, there were significant increases in the rate of coverage of physical activity (beta=0.21; p<0.01), obesity (beta=0.13; p<0.01) and tobacco (beta=0.24; p<0.0001). From 2001 to 2006 the rate of physical activity coverage was relatively steady, while the obesity coverage rate increased dramatically (beta=0.34; p<0.0001), and tobacco coverage rate slowed (beta=-0.33; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that physical activity reporting in the media has increased, but received less attention than obesity and tobacco. IMPLICATIONS: Physical activity advocates face the challenge of highlighting the newsworthiness of physical activity and raising the issue higher on the public agenda.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Bull, Fiona
%A Chey, Tien
%A Craig, Cora
%A Ainsworth, Barbara
%A Sallis, James
%A Bowles, Heather
%A Hagstromer, Maria
%A Sjostrom, Michael
%A Pratt, Michael
%A , The IPS Group
%T The International Prevalence Study on Physical Activity: results from 20 countries.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 6
%N 1
%P 21
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is one of the most important factors for improving population health, but no standardised systems exist for international surveillance. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed for international surveillance. The purpose of this study was a comparative international study of population physical activity prevalence across 20 countries. METHODS: Between 2002-2004, a standardised protocol using IPAQ was used to assess PA participation in 20 countries [total N = 52,746, aged 18-65 years]. The median survey response rate was 61%. Physical activity levels were categorised as "low", "moderate" and "high". Age-adjusted prevalence estimates are presented by sex. RESULTS: The prevalence of "high PA" varied from 21-63%; in eight countries high PA was reported for over half of the adult population. The prevalence of "low PA" varied from 9% to 43%. Males more frequently reported high PA than females in 17 of 20 countries. The prevalence of low PA ranged from 7-41% among males, and 6-49% among females. Gender differences were noted, especially for younger adults, with males more active than females in most countries. Markedly lower physical activity prevalence (10% difference) with increasing age was noted in 11 of 19 countries for males, but only in three countries for women. The ways populations accumulated PA differed, with some reporting mostly vigorous intensity activities and others mostly walking. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of international PA surveillance, and showed that IPAQ is an acceptable surveillance instrument, at least within countries. If assessment methods are used consistently over time, trend data will inform countries about the success of their efforts to promote physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Chau, Josephine
%T The role of media in promoting physical activity.
%B Journal of Physical Activity & Health
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 6
%N Suppl 2
%P S196-S210
%@ 1543-3080
%X BACKGROUND: This paper reviewed a) mass media campaigns and b) ''new media'' interventions to promote physical activity. They are different kinds of interventions, with campaigns being mass-reach communications efforts to increase population awareness of physical activity. ''New media'' interventions assess the impact of web-based, internet, other ''new media'' and e-mail-delivered interventions to increase physical activity. METHODS: Previous reviews of mass media campaigns and ''new media'' interventions were assessed, and more recent peer-reviewed publications identified using routine electronic databases. For each area, a framework for interventions was described, and evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions, the main outcomes of interest, and methodological strengths and weaknesses were identified. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: For mass media campaigns, key recommendations were to use consistent and well-branded messages, and for campaigns to be integrated across local, State and national levels, with sufficient resources to purchase sufficient media. Mass media campaigns should be subject to rigorous formative, process and impact evaluation. For ''new media'' interventions, there is clear evidence of effectiveness, but efforts should be made to increase the reach and generalizability of these interventions. They should be provided as a low cost component of integrated communitywide physical activity programs.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Owen, N
%A Bauman, A
%A Brown, W
%T Too much sitting: a novel and important predictor of chronic disease risk?
%B British journal of sports medicine
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 43
%N 2
%P 81-83
%@ 1473-0480
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110604


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Ritchie, Jan
%T A changing of the guard.
%B Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 19
%N 1
%P 3
%@ 1036-1073
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Aitken, Robert
%A King, Lesley
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T A comparison of Australian families' expenditure on active and screen-based recreation using the ABS Household Expenditure Survey 2003/04.
%B Australian and New Zealand journal of public health
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Public Health Association of Australia
%V 32
%N 3
%P 238-245
%@ 1326-0200
%X Objective: This study aimed to investigate how much households with dependent children spend on active recreation (physical activity) compared with screen-based (sedentary) recreation, according to their household socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Methods: The study analysed data from the 2003-04 Australian Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Survey, which collected information on household expenditure from a representational cross-section of private dwellings across Australia. Results: In 2003-04, Australian households with dependent children spent an average of 1.5% and 3.3% of their weekly disposable income on active and screen recreation respectively, and 24.9% of their total active and screen recreation expenditure on active recreation. There was significant variation across household characteristics, with higher income and socioeconomic status households, and families with more than one dependent child more likely to spend a larger portion of their recreation budget on active recreation instead of screen recreation. Conclusions: Overall, Australian families spend more money on screen recreation items than they do on active recreation, although there are strong economic and cultural gradients in their patterns of expenditure on both active and screen recreation. This suggests that while the costs of active recreation may be a barrier to participation for some families, there are also social and cultural values influencing recreational choices. Implications: For the first time, specific information on Australian families'' expenditure on active and screen recreation is available. These results contribute to identifying cultural and economic barriers influencing families'' health-related behaviours and their participation in organised physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bergman, Patrick
%A Grjibovski, Andrej M
%A Hagströmer, Maria
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Sjöström, Michael
%T Adherence to physical activity recommendations and the influence of socio-demographic correlates - a population-based cross-sectional study.
%B BMC public health
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central
%V 8
%N 
%P 367
%@ 1471-2458
%X BACKGROUND: Current physical activity guidelines acknowledge the importance of total health enhancing physical activity (HEPA) compared to leisure time physical activity or exercise alone. Assessing total HEPA may result in different levels of adherence to these as well as the strength and/or direction of associations observed between total HEPA and socio-demographic correlates. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of the population adhering to the recommendation of at least 30 minutes of HEPA on most days, and to examine the influences of socio-demographic correlates on reaching this recommendation. METHODS: Swedish adults aged 18-74 years (n = 1470) were categorized, based on population data obtained using the IPAQ, into low, moderately and highly physically active categories. Independent associations between the physical activity categories and socio-demographic correlates were studied using a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 63% (95% CI: 60.5-65.4) adhered to the HEPA recommendation. Most likely to reach the highly physical active category were those aged < 35 years (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.3), living in small towns (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7) and villages (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-3.7), having a BMI between 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 (OR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.4-5.3) having a BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3-4.9), or having very good (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3-3.3) or excellent self-perceived health (OR = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.4-6.8). Less likely to reach the high category were women (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5-0.9) and those with a university degree (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9). Similar, but less pronounced associations were observed for the moderate group. Gender-specific patterns were also observed. CONCLUSION: Almost two-thirds of the Swedish adult population adhered to the physical activity recommendation. Due to a large diversity in levels of physical activity among population subgroups, social-ecological approaches to physical activity promotion may be warranted.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%A Cerin, E
%A Leslie, E
%A Owen, N
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T An Australian version of the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale: validity evidence
%B Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Routledge
%V 12
%N 
%P 31-51
%@ 1091-367X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Le Masurier, Guy C
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Corbin, Charles B
%A Konopack, James F
%A Umstattd, Renee M
%A VAN Emmerik, Richard E A
%T Assessing walking behaviors of selected subpopulations.
%B Medicine and science in sports and exercise
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 40
%N 7 Suppl
%P S594-602
%@ 0195-9131
%X Recent innovations in physical activity (PA) assessment have made it possible to assess the walking behaviors of a wide variety of populations. Objective measurement methods (e.g., pedometers, accelerometers) have been widely used to assess walking and other prevalent types of PA. Questionnaires suitable for international populations (e.g., the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) and measurement techniques for the assessment of gait patterns in disabled populations allow for the study of walking and its health benefits among many populations. Results of studies using the aforementioned techniques indicate that children are more active than adolescents and adolescents are more active than adults. Males, particularly young males, are typically more active than females. The benefits associated with regular participation in PA for youth and walking for older adults have been well documented, although improvements in the assessments of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial parameters must be made if we are to fully understand the benefits of walking for people of all ages. Most youth meet appropriate age-related PA activity recommendations, but adults, particularly older adults and adults with disabilities, are less likely to meet PA levels necessary for the accrual of health benefits. International studies indicate variation in walking by culture. It is clear, however, that walking is a prevalent form of PA across countries and a movement form that has great potential in global PA promotion. Continued development of measurement techniques that allow for the study of individualized gait patterns will help us add to the already rich body of knowledge on chronically disabled populations and allow for individual prescriptions for these populations.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rosenberg, Dori E
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Marshall, Alison L
%A Sallis, James F
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Assessment of sedentary behavior with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.
%B Journal of physical activity & health
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 5 Suppl 1
%N 
%P S30-44
%@ 1543-3080
%X PURPOSE: This study explored definitions of sedentary behavior and examined the relationship between sitting time and physical inactivity using the sitting items from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). METHODS: Participants (N = 289, 44.6% male, mean age = 35.93) from 3 countries completed self-administered long- and short-IPAQ sitting items. Participants wore accelerometers; were classified as inactive (no leisure-time activity), insufficiently active, or meeting recommendations; and were classified into tertiles of sitting behavior. RESULTS: Reliability of sitting time was acceptable for men and women. Correlations between total sitting and accelerometer counts/min <100 were significant for both long (r = .33) and short (r = .34) forms. There was no agreement between tertiles of sitting and the inactivity category (kappa = .02, P = .68). CONCLUSION: Sedentary behavior should be explicitly measured in population surveillance and research instead of being defined by lack of physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Leyden, Kevin M
%A Reger-Nash, Bill
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Bias, Tom
%T Changing the hearts and minds of policy makers: an exploratory study associated with the West Virginia Walks campaign.
%B American journal of health promotion
%D 2008
%C United States
%I American Journal of Health Promotion
%V 22
%N 3
%P 204-207
%@ 0890-1171
%X PURPOSE: To pilot test whether West Virginia Walks changed local policy makers'' awareness of walking-related issues. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design with preintervention and postintervention mail surveys. SETTING: Morgantown, WV (intervention community), and Huntington, WV (comparison community). SUBJECTS: One hundred thirty-three and 134 public officials in Morgantown and 120 and 116 public officials in Huntington at baseline and at follow-up, respectively. INTERVENTION: An 8-week mass media social ecological campaign designed to encourage moderate-intensity walking among insufficiently active persons aged 40 to 65 years. MEASURES: Policy makers listed three problems they believed needed to be addressed in their community. They then rated the severity of several problems that many communities face using a Likert scale, with 1 representing "not a problem" and 5 representing "an extremely important problem." ANALYSIS: Independent sample t-tests were used to examine differences in mean responses at baseline and at follow-up. RESULTS: Statistically significant increases in the perceived importance of walking-related issues were observed among policy makers in Morgantown but not in the comparison community. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated communitywide health promotion campaigns designed to influence the public can also affect the perceptions of policy makers. Future research should examine this linkage and determine whether resource allocation and policy changes follow such interventions.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Consistent risk factor monitoring systems underpins good public health practice.
%B Preventive medicine
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 47
%N 2
%P 154-155
%@ 0091-7435
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A St George, Alexis
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Johnston, Amanda
%A Farrell, Geoffrey
%A Chey, Tien
%A George, Jacob
%T Effect of a lifestyle intervention in patients with abnormal liver enzymes and metabolic risk factors.
%B Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
%D 2008
%C 54 University St,P O Box 378, Carlton, Australia, 3053
%I Blackwell Science Asia
%V 24
%N 0
%P 399-407
%@ 1440-1746
%X Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with insulin resistance is the most common cause of abnormal liver tests in clinical practice. To date, practical and effective strategies to improve the metabolic profile of this large group of patients have not been well characterised. We sought to assess the effect at 3 months of a behavior change-based lifestyle intervention on the metabolic profile of patients characterised by elevated liver enzymes.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 110107


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Smith, Ben J
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Buffart, Laurien M
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Encouraging physical activity--five steps for GPs.
%B Australian Family Physician
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
%V 37
%N 1-2
%P 24-28
%@ 0300-8495
%X BACKGROUND: Over half of Australians do not meet physical activity recommendations. General practitioners can play an important role in encouraging physical activity, which would significantly reduce the burden of chronic disease. OBJECTIVE: This article outlines steps to guide GPs in their efforts to promote greater physical activity participation among their patients, and identifies resources that will assist GPs to incorporate this into routine practice. DISCUSSION: The ''five As'' model for preventive counselling is applied to the problem of physical inactivity. General practitioners first need to Ask about physical activity at an opportune time during consultations, Assess the patient''s physical activity level, and then Advise about the recommended type, intensity and amount of physical activity that is relevant to their needs and life circumstances. An achievable plan for increasing physical activity can be prepared and GPs can Assist by discussing strategies to maintain this and tackle the barriers to activity that may arise. It is also useful to Arrange follow up contact and ongoing support through the practice or external programs and exercise professionals.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Silove, Derrick
%A Bateman, Catherine Robina
%A Brooks, Robert T
%A Fonseca, C Amaral Zulmira
%A Steel, Zachary
%A Rodger, James
%A Soosay, Ian
%A Fox, Greg
%A Patel, Vikram
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Estimating clinically relevant mental disorders in a rural and an urban setting in postconflict Timor Leste.
%B Archives of general psychiatry
%D 2008
%C United States
%I American Medical Association
%V 65
%N 10
%P 1205-1212
%@ 1538-3636
%X CONTEXT: Epidemiologic studies undertaken in postconflict countries have focused primarily on trauma-related disorders. There is a need to include disabling psychotic disorders in order to plan clinical services in these settings. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of key clinical disorders in Timor Leste (East Timor), and to assess cultural factors that may influence help-seeking patterns. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: A 2-phase total population survey of 1544 adults in an urban and a rural area of Timor Leste. Phase 1 involved a household informant survey using indigenous terms to detect psychosis and a screen of all adults for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of psychologic distress, including depression and anxiety. In phase 2, clinicians interviewed all those identified by household informants and half of those who screened positive in order to assign DSM-IV diagnoses. Disability, explanatory models, and perceived needs were also assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Phase 1: Demographic characteristics; trauma events and PTSD (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire); psychologic distress (Kessler-10 scale). Phase 2: Structured Clinical Interview for relevant DSM-IV diagnoses; the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scales; and the modified Short Explanatory Model Interview. RESULTS: The household informant method in phase 1 detected mainly psychotic disorders, and the screen method detected PTSD and depression. Phase 2 yielded a DSM-IV point prevalence estimate of 5.1% (including psychosis, 1.35%; and PTSD, 1.47%). Psychotic disorders were most disabling, primarily attributed to supernatural causes and treated mainly by traditional healers. Those with depression and PTSD experienced substantial disability but had received little treatment. They attributed their mental problems to social and traumatic causes. CONCLUSIONS: Our 2-phase method proved effective for identifying the range of disorders relevant to planning clinical services in postconflict developing countries. The unmet needs of the mentally ill in countries such as Timor Leste pose a major challenge to psychiatry.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Sallis, James F
%T Global problems require global studies.
%B American journal of preventive medicine
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Elsevier.
%V 34
%N 6
%P 544-545
%@ 0749-3797
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%A Mark, A
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T How active at work? Differing physical activity demands by occupation
%B The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Occupational Health and Safety
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I CCH Australia Ltd.
%V 24
%N 
%P 63-72
%@ 0815-6409
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111705


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Huhman, Marian
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Bowles, Heather R
%T Initial outcomes of the VERB campaign: tweens' awareness and understanding of campaign messages.
%B American journal of preventive medicine
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 34
%N 6 Suppl
%P S241-S248
%@ 0749-3797
%X BACKGROUND: Assessing the immediate effects of mass-media campaigns provides early evidence of campaign reach into the defined target populations. Assessing these effects early in a multi-year campaign allows for better message targeting in subsequent years. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a population cohort. Data were collected annually; this paper reports on 1-year outcome data following a mass-media-led intervention to increase physical activity among children aged 9-13 years. The groups initially reached by the campaign and those that understood the campaign messages were identified. Analysis was carried out using logistic regression. PARTICIPANTS: Nationally representative cohort of 2729 children aged 9-13 years (tweens). INTERVENTION: National mass-communications campaign (VERB) from June 2002 to June 2003, using television, print, and radio as the primary communication channels. In addition, there were promotions in communities, in schools, and on the Internet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prompted and unprompted awareness of the VERB campaign and understanding of the key campaign message. RESULTS: After 1 year, tweens'' unprompted awareness of VERB was 17.3%; prompted awareness was 57%; 25.6% had no awareness of VERB. Prompted awareness did not differ by child''s age, gender, or ethnicity but was associated with being from a middle- or high-income household, having a parent who was a college graduate, and being active on 7 or more days the previous week. Unprompted awareness was significantly associated with being a girl, being aged 12-14 years, being white, being from a moderate- or high-income household, having a parent with a college degree, and doing 7 or more sessions of physical activity during the week before the survey. The variables associated with high levels of understanding of the campaign message were similar to those for campaign awareness, except there were no differences in campaign understanding by age, and a significant association was found between campaign understanding and parental approval of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring initial campaign impact identified the magnitude of immediate effects on population target groups achieved through a mass-media campaign. Campaign planners used the information to develop new messages and adjust media purchases in subsequent years of the VERB campaign.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Smith, B. J.
%A Phongsavan, P.
%A Bampton, D.
%A Peacocke, G.
%A Gilmete, M.
%A Havea, D.
%A Chey, T.
%A Bauman, A. E.
%T Intentional injury reported by young people in the Federated States of Micronesia, Kingdom of Tonga and Vanuatu
%B Bmc Public Health
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd
%V 8
%N 
%P 8
%@ 1471-2458
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111715


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, A
%A Allman-Farinelli, M
%A Huxley, R
%A James, W P T
%T Leisure-time physical activity alone may not be a sufficient public health approach to prevent obesity--a focus on China.
%B Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 9
%N Suppl 1
%P 119-126
%@ 1467-789X
%X Much small-scale research has identified the role of physical activity in obesity prevention. This is the ''energy expenditure'' side of the energy balance equation. Although around half an hour of daily moderate-intensity physical activity is required for cardiovascular health and disease prevention, the quantum of physical activity required for obesity prevention and weight loss is around 60-90 minutes per day. This amount of physical activity is difficult to achieve through leisure time physical activity (LTPA) alone, and additional energy expenditure is needed in the domains of active transport, occupation activity and in domestic settings. Modeling of 24-hour energy expenditures demonstrate the need for ''active living'', namely energy expenditure over and above that due to LTPA, for weight loss and obesity prevention. The consequences of this for developing countries such as China are the need to focus on preventing the declines in energy expenditure attributable to urbanization, industrialization, and motor vehicle dependence. These will pose policy challenges in the developing world, if they are to be taken seriously as obesity prevention strategies.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bonfiglioli, Catriona M F
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret A
%A King, Lesley
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Mapping solutions to obesity: lessons from the Human Genome Project.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 32
%N 6
%P 546-548
%@ 1326-0200
%X Objective: To discuss appropriate endpoints for research designed to prevent obesity. Research investigating practical solutions to the complex multi-factorial global obesity epidemic may be stalled by undue emphasis on reduced body weight as the only acceptable endpoint. Approach: Considering prevention research in cardiovascular disease and tobacco control, we contend that investigations of intermediate endpoints make an important contribution to the multi-faceted approach needed to combat the complex problem of obesity. Conclusion: Intermediate endpoints are respected in other public health areas: reductions in risk factors such as high blood cholesterol or smoking are acceptable study endpoints for research aimed at reducing heart disease or lung cancer. Likewise, practical endpoints can be valuable in studies investigating interventions to reduce identified and potential intermediate risk factors for obesity, such as soft drink consumption. Implications: Reduced obesity is the global aim but obesity is not caused by one exposure and will not be solved by a single modality intervention. A wider debate about endpoint selection may assist research which identifies individual building blocks of obesity prevention in the same way as individual gene mapping contributed to the Human Genome Project.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bai, Jun
%A Gyaneshwar, Rajanishwar
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Models of antenatal care and obstetric outcomes in Sydney South West.
%B The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
%V 48
%N 5
%P 454-461
%@ 1479-828X
%X Objectives: To assess obstetric outcomes of different models of antenatal care. Methods: The study was historical cohort analysis of population birth data of 67 675 singleton births delivered in all public hospitals in Sydney South-west. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared for different models of antenatal care received. The care was provided within the hospitals in doctor''s clinic, midwives'' clinic, birth centre, or by a team of midwives in the caseload midwifery. In the non-hospital settings, the care was provided by private obstetricians or by the general practitioner (GP) as part of the GP Shared Care program. The data for those women who received no antenatal care were also analysed. Results: This study provided information that the obstetric outcomes were very similar regardless of whether a woman received her antenatal care in the midwives'' clinic, the birth centre, under the GP Shared Care program or in the doctor''s clinic in Sydney South-west hospitals. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the view that different models of maternity care can be provided with good outcomes.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret A
%A Aitken, Robert J
%A King, Lesley A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Osteoarthritis--the forgotten obesity-related epidemic with worse to come.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 188
%N 5
%P 317
%@ 1326-5377
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110322


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Miller, Yvette D
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Predictors of initiating and maintaining active commuting to work using transport and public health perspectives in Australia.
%B Preventive medicine
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 47
%N 3
%P 342-6
%@ 0091-7435
%X To identify predictors for initiating and maintaining active commuting (AC) to work following the 2003 Australia''s Walk to Work Day (WTWD) campaign.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Forero, Roberto
%A Mohsin, Mohammed
%A McCarthy, Sally
%A Young, Lis
%A Ieraci, Sue
%A Hillman, Ken
%A Santiano, Nancy
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Phung, Hai
%T Prevalence of morphine use and time to initial analgesia in an Australian emergency department.
%B Emergency medicine Australasia
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 20
%N 2
%P 136-143
%@ 1742-6723
%X OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of morphine use with factors influencing time to initial analgesia (T-A). METHODS: A retrospective cohort review was conducted. Morphine data were collected from a register for restricted drugs located in the ED. T-A was the time interval between triage and signing out of morphine''s first dose. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between morphine use and patient volume. RESULTS: In total, 8% of ED attendees received at least one dose of morphine sulphate in the ED. Prevalence of morphine use significantly (P < 0.05) varied by patient''s age, Australasian Triage Scale category, time of arrival and type of illness. The median time of T-A was 79 min (95% CI 71-85) with substantially longer (median 107 min) for those who arrived during the afternoon and triaged as less urgent (median 127 min). Patients who arrived late at night (median 47 min), triaged as immediately/imminently life-threatening (median 58 min) and diagnosed as renal colic (median 27 min) or fractures/injuries (median 67 min) were more likely to receive i.v. morphine faster than other patients. The findings confirmed that large volume of patients in ED was associated with longer T-A. Patient volume in the ED showed a significant positive association with T-A (r = 0.568, 32% variation explained, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: T-A is an important indicator of the quality of ED services. Severity of illness and patient volume were significant factors associated with extended T-A. Strategies for improving pain management in the complex ED environment are discussed.
%Z FOR Codes: 110305


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Wagner, Renate
%A Chey, Tien
%A von Hofe, Belinda
%A Silove, Derrick
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Process evaluation in an intervention designed to promote physical activity among adults with anxiety disorders: Evidence of acceptability and adherence.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 19
%N 2
%P 137-143
%@ 1036-1073
%X ISSUE ADDRESSED: To assess the adherence and acceptability of a physical activity program delivered as an adjunct to the usual cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT) for adults with anxiety disorders. METHODS: Seventy-three participants with either a generalised anxiety disorder, social phobia or panic disorder were randomised to either exercise-enhanced CBGT (CBGT+EX) or the usual CBGT plus nutrition education (CBGT+ED) group. Physical activity, stress, anxiety, depression were assessed at baseline; session attendance, compliance and satisfaction were assessed during the eight-week intervention. RESULTS: Forty-five per cent of participants achieved the recommended levels of physical activity for health at baseline. The proportions of participants attending group meetings declined over time across both groups. In the intervention groups (CBGT+EX), a slightly higher proportion of participants attended the CBGT session than the physical activity sessions. Individuals with social phobia were significantly more likely than those with panic or generalised anxiety disorder to adhere to the physical activity program. Among the remaining adherers, most reported satisfaction with their skills development and better understanding of the benefits of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Time constraints and participants viewing physical activities as irrelevant or detracting them from their psychological treatment are potential factors contributing to low adherence and present as challenges in implementing a physical activity program as adjunctive to psychological treatment. Process evaluation data helped profile participants who adhered or not adhered to the physical activity program and will inform future physical activity promotion to individuals with anxiety disorders.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Andersen, Ross E
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Franckowiak, Shawn C
%A Reilley, Sue M
%A Marshall, Alison L
%T Prompting health professionals to be activity role models--motivating stair use at the 2001 ACSM scientific meeting.
%B Journal of physical activity & health
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 5
%N 4
%P 607-18
%@ 1543-3080
%X BACKGROUND: This intervention promoted stair use among people attending the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) annual meeting. METHODS: All attendees using the stairs or escalators in the main lobby were unobtrusively observed for 3 days and coded for activity choices to get to the second floor. During day 2, a prominent sign stating "Be a role model. Use the stairs!" encouraged pointof- choice decisions favoring stairs over the escalator. The sign was removed on day 3. RESULTS: 16,978 observations were made. Stair use increased from 22.0% on day 1 to 29.3% and 26.8% on days 2 and 3, respectively (P values < .001). Active choices (stair use or walk up escalator) increased from 28.3% on day 1 to 40.1% and 40.2% on subsequent days. Analyses were similar after adjustment for gender, estimated age category, and race. CONCLUSIONS: Relatively few conference attendees were persuaded to model stair-use behavior. Health professionals should be encouraged to be "active living" role models.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Zehle, Katharina
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Chey, Tien
%A McLean, Mark
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Cheung, N Wah
%T Psychosocial factors related to diet among women with recent gestational diabetes: opportunities for intervention.
%B The Diabetes Educator
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Sage Science Press
%V 34
%N 5
%P 807-814
%@ 0145-7217
%X PURPOSE: This study investigated postpartum dietary behaviors among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the cognitive and social factors related to these, and preferred types of lifestyle support, in order improve the development of diabetes prevention strategies for this group. METHODS: Participants were a random sample of 226 women diagnosed with GDM in the prior 6 to 24 months. Telephone surveys were used to evaluate dietary behaviors, self-efficacy, social support, perceived barriers to healthy eating, and preferred methods of lifestyle support. RESULTS: Only 5% of the respondents consumed 5 servings/day of vegetables and 44% consumed 2 or more servings/day of fruit. Fried food was eaten at least twice per week by 26% of women and 50% usually consumed full-fat milk. Higher vegetable consumption was associated with self-efficacy to cook healthy foods, reporting that a healthy diet is not a difficult change and that dislike of healthy foods by other household members is not a barrier. Fruit consumption was positively related to self-efficacy when busy and when not reporting a dislike of healthy foods by others at home. Advice from a dietitian and telephone support from a health educator were the most preferred forms of health assistance. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary risks factors are prevalent among women with recent GDM. Confidence and skills in cooking healthy foods, along with family food preferences and time pressures, are important influences on eating habits. Dietary change programs, informed by the beliefs and circumstances of this high-risk population, need to be developed.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chau, Josephine
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Eyeson-Annan, Margo
%A Chey, Tien
%A Farrell, Louise
%T Recent trends in physical activity in New South Wales. Is the tide of inactivity turning?
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
%V 32
%N 1
%P 82-85
%@ 1326-0200
%X OBJECTIVE: To examine recent trends in sufficient physical activity among New South Wales adults aged 16 years and over. METHOD: Data were obtained from New South Wales population health surveys conducted in 1998 and from 2002 to 2005. Analyses examined trends in the proportions of adults achieving sufficient physical activity and trends in different modes of activity. RESULTS: The proportion of adults achieving sufficient physical activity was stable between 1998 (47.6%) and 2002 (46.5%), declined in 2003 (44.7%), increased substantially in 2004 (50.5%), and remained steady in 2005 (51.3%). This increase was evident across different population groups. Adults who did any walking were 18 times more likely to be active than those who did no walking. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that in recent years physical activity participation has begun to increase, and that this increase occurred across population segments. The increases occurred especially in walking behaviours. IMPLICATIONS: Given the known health benefits of being physically active, continued investment in physical activity promotion policies and programs is necessary to maintain these early gains.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Anna Miph, Vibeke
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Cheung, N Wah
%A Huxley Dphil, Rachel R
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Sociodemographic correlates of the increasing trend in prevalence of gestational diabetes in a large population of women between 1995 and 2005.
%B Diabetes care
%D 2008
%C United States
%I American Diabetes Association
%V 31
%N 12
%P 2288-93
%@ 0149-5992
%X Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasingly prevalent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in the mother and is responsible for morbidity in the child. To better identify women at risk of developing GDM we examined sociodemographic correlates and changes in the prevalence of GDM among all births between 1995 and 2005 in Australia''s largest state.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Buffart, L. M.
%A van der Ploeg, H. P.
%A Bauman, A. E.
%A Van Asbeck, F. W.
%A Stam, H. J.
%A Roebroeck, M. E.
%A van den Berg-Emons, R. J. G.
%T Sports participation in adolescents and young adults with myelomeningocele and its role in total physical activity behaviour and fitness
%B Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
%D 2008
%C Sweden
%I Stiftelsen Rehabiliteringsinformation
%V 40
%N 9
%P 702-708
%@ 1650-1977
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Bowles, Heather R
%A Huhman, Marian
%A Heitzler, Carrie D
%A Owen, Neville
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Reger-Nash, Bill
%T Testing a hierarchy-of-effects model: pathways from awareness to outcomes in the VERB campaign 2002-2003.
%B American Journal of Preventive Medicine
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 34
%N 6 Suppl.
%P S249-256
%@ 0749-3797
%X BACKGROUND: The McGuire hierarchy-of-effects (HOE) model, used extensively in mass-media interventions to describe the mechanisms for understanding effects, has not been tested in physical activity campaigns. DESIGN: Data collected at baseline (2002) and follow-up (2003) surveys in the VERB evaluation were used in structural equation modeling to test pathways and hierarchies of campaign effects. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Population-based cohort of youth aged 9-13 years (N=2364) for whom complete baseline and follow-up data were available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Awareness of the VERB campaign, understanding of the VERB message, attitude toward being active, outcome expectations, and physical activity participation. RESULTS: Among youth aged 9-13 years (tweens) in the study cohort, significant paths were identified between awareness and understanding (0.72, p<0.001) and between understanding and being physically active (0.11, p<0.05). At baseline there was a high prevalence of positive attitudes and outcome expectations, and these were not influenced by change in understanding or awareness. Among inactive tweens only, the same paths were identified except that, in this subgroup, attitude was related to physical activity (0.13, p<0.05), and awareness was more strongly related to physical activity than it was for the whole sample (0.14, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provided limited support for the HOE model and suggest that increased awareness and understanding were the key proximal effects that led to behavior change. A distinct sequence of effects, which bypassed attitudes and outcome expectations, was found for these U.S. young people. The findings could inform the design of future campaigns to address youth physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Neubeck, Lis
%A Redfern, Julie
%A Briffa, Tom
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Hare, David
%A Freedman, Sb
%T The CHOICE (Choice of Health Options In prevention of Cardiovascular Events) replication trial: study protocol.
%B BMC cardiovascular disorders
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd
%V 8
%N 25
%P 1-7
%@ 1471-2261
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) are high, only a minority of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) survivors accesses an effective secondary prevention program. We aim to determine whether the previously proven CHOICE program can be replicated at multiple sites and whether ongoing reinforcement further improves risk factor modification. METHODS/DESIGN: Participants eligible for but not accessing standard cardiac rehabilitation will be randomly allocated to either a previously tested 3-month CHOICE program or a 30-month CHOICE program (CHOICE-plus). Both groups will participate in individualised risk factor modules of differing duration that involve choice, goal setting and telephone follow-up for three months. CHOICE-plus will also receive additional face-to-face and telephone reinforcement between three and 30 months. At one site we will recruit a randomised control group, receiving conventional care. Primary outcomes are lipid levels, blood pressure, physical activity levels and smoking rates. Secondary outcomes include readmission rates, death, the number of risk factors, other modifiable risk factors, quality of life and process evaluation measures over three years. DISCUSSION: We present the rationale and design of a multi-centre, replication study testing a modular approach for the secondary prevention of CHD following an ACS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: [Clinical Trial Registration Number, ACTRN12608000182392].
%Z FOR Codes: 111799 110201


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret A
%A Chey, Tien
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bowles, Heather
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T The effects of age, birth cohort and survey period on leisure-time physical activity by Australian adults: 1990-2005.
%B The British journal of nutrition
%D 2008
%C UK
%I CABI Publishing
%V 101
%N 0
%P 609-17
%@ 0007-1145
%X The prevalence of obesity continues to rise with many factors contributing to energy imbalance. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has been proposed as one solution to counteract increasing energy intakes. The present study determined whether age, birth cohort and period of survey had independent effects on time, volume and energy expended in LTPA by Australian adults from 1990 to 2005. Adults were categorised into twelve age groups (5-year intervals from 20-24 years to >75 years), four survey periods (1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005) and fifteen birth cohorts (5-year intervals from pre-1916 to 1985). Time spent in three categories of LTPA was determined and metabolic equivalent (MET) values of 3.3, 4.0 and 8.0 were assigned for walking, moderate and vigorous activities, respectively, to calculate daily volume (MET minutes). Energy expended in LTPA was calculated using estimated BMR (from self-reported weight and published formulae), multiplied by the MET value. Regression models were fitted to the data. Age and period had independent effects on duration, volume and energy expenditure of LTPA for both males (P<0.01) and females (P<0.01), while birth cohort had independent effects for males only such that all three LTPA factors declined with recency of birth cohort (P<0.01). This indicates that more recent birth cohorts of males may need to be targeted to increase LTPA, but as duration, volume and energy expended in leisure time have been declining since 1990, both the sexes may benefit from the promotion of increased LTPA.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Macniven, Rona
%A Olsen, Bree
%A Shilton, Trevor
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T The initial development and process evaluation of AusPAnet: the Australian Physical Activity Network.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 19
%N 1
%P 36-39
%@ 1036-1073
%X ISSUE ADDRESSED: The use of e-technology communication networks is important in 21st century health promotion. One developing example is the Australian Physical Activity Network (AusPAnet), which aims to build knowledge and capacity among the physical activity workforce to inform policy and practice. It fills a communication gap and functions through a fortnightly online e-News, supported by a dedicated website. METHODS: Process evaluation continually monitors the network and its usage from its launch in August 2006. In addition, an online member survey was electronically distributed in December 2006 to all members at that time (n=1,300). RESULTS: Registered network membership grew from 777 in August 2006 to almost 2,000 in August 2007, with members from health and non-health sectors. Survey results (n=314 responders) indicated high levels of interest and perceived relevance of the network. However, over time, attrition occurred in the proportions of those registered that viewed material provided by AusPAnet. CONCLUSION: AusPAnet has demonstrated considerable growth and success over the initial 12 months since its launch. The network reaches large numbers of professionals from various sectors, agencies and geographic areas on a regular (fortnightly) basis.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Trinh, O. T. H.
%A Nguyen, N. D.
%A Dibley, M. J.
%A Phongsavan, P.
%A Bauman, A. E.
%T The prevalence and correlates of physical inactivity among adults in Ho Chi Minh City
%B Bmc Public Health
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd
%V 8
%N 
%P 11
%@ 1471-2458
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bellew, Bill
%A Schöeppe, Stephanie
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T The rise and fall of Australian physical activity policy 1996 - 2006: a national review framed in an international context.
%B Australia and New Zealand Health Policy
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd
%V 5
%N 0
%P 18
%@ 1743-8462
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This paper provides an historical review of physical activity policy development in Australia for a period spanning a decade since the release of the US Surgeon General''s Report on Physical Activity and Health in 1996 and including the 2004 WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Using our definition of ''HARDWIRED'' policy criteria, this Australian review is compared with an international perspective of countries with established national physical activity policies and strategies (New Zealand, Canada, Brazil, Scotland, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Finland). Methods comprised a literature and policy review, audit of relevant web sites, document searches and surveys of international stakeholders. RESULTS: All these selected countries embraced multi-strategic policies and undertook monitoring of physical activity through national surveys. Few committed to policy of more than three years duration and none undertook systematic evaluation of national policy implementation. This Australian review highlights phases of innovation and leadership in physical activity-related policy, as well as periods of stagnation and decline; early efforts were amongst the best in the world but by the mid-point of this review (the year 2000), promising attempts towards development of a national intersectoral policy framework were thwarted by reforms in the Federal Sport and Recreation sector. Several well received reviews of evidence on good practices in physical activity and public health were produced in the period but leadership and resources were lacking to implement the policies and programs indicated. Latterly, widespread publicity and greatly increased public and political interest in chronic disease prevention, (especially in obesity and type 2 diabetes) have dominated the framework within which Australian policy deliberations have occurred. Finally, a national physical activity policy framework for the Health sector emerged, but not as a policy vision that was inclusive of the other essential sectors such as Education, Transport, Urban Planning as well as Sport and Recreation. CONCLUSION: Despite some progression of physical activity policy in the decade since 1995/6, this review found inconsistent policy development, both in Australia and elsewhere. Arguably, Australia has done no worse than other countries, but more effective responses to physical inactivity in populations can be built only on sustainable multi-sectoral public health policy partnerships that are well informed by evidence of effectiveness and good practice. In Australia and elsewhere prerequisites for success are political support, long-term investment and commitment to program implementation and evaluation. An urgent priority is media and political advocacy for physical activity focussed on these factors.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Murphy, Niamh
%A Lane, Aoife
%T The role of community programs and mass events in promoting physical activity to patients.
%B British journal of sports medicine
%D 2008
%C UK
%I BMJ Publishing Group
%V 43
%N 0
%P 44-6
%@ 0306-3674
%X The challenge for physical activity promotion in clinical contexts is finding ways of encouraging patients to become more active. Brief advice in primary care is effective, in the short term, in increasing physical activity, but is only provided by a few clinicians on a regular basis. The possibilities for public health approaches include others in the practice providing brief advice, or referral to community facilities and programmes. Even these have limited evidence regarding their population reach. Therefore, innovative and alternative solutions are required. This review discusses three potential contributors: clinician advocacy for and engagement in physical activity as role models, referral to mass community participation events, and encouraging attendance at health fairs. These will not solve the inactivity crisis, but could add new approaches for clinicians, in advising their patients to initiate and try to become more physically active.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Book Section
%A Van der Ploeg, Hidde
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Thirty minutes of incidental exercise is adequate exercise prescription
%B Physiological Bases of Human Performance During Work and Exercise
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Churchill Livingstone
%V 
%N 
%P 309-312
%@ 9780443102714
%E Taylor, Nigel
%E Groeller, Herbert
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cust, Anne E
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Chau, Josephine
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Friedenreich, Christine M
%A Armstrong, Bruce K
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Validity and repeatability of the EPIC physical activity questionnaire: a validation study using accelerometers as an objective measure.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd
%V 5
%N 33
%P 0
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A primary aim of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study is to examine the association between total physical activity levels (comprising occupational, household and recreational activity) and the incidence of cancer. We examined the validity and long-term repeatability of total physical activity measurements estimated from the past-year recall EPIC questionnaire, using accelerometers as an objective reference measure. METHODS: Participants included 100 men and 82 women aged 50-65 years. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the physical activity estimates from the EPIC questionnaire with total activity estimated from the average of three separate 7-day accelerometer periods during the same (past-year) period. Long-term repeatability of the EPIC questionnaire was assessed by comparing the responses from the baseline and 10-month administrations. Past-year EPIC estimates were also compared with the Friedenreich Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire to examine whether recent activity reflected lifetime activity. RESULTS: Accelerometer total metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours/week were positively associated with a total physical activity index (Spearman rank correlation rho = 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15, 0.42) and with non-occupational activity estimated in MET-hours/week (rho = 0.21, 95% CI 0.07, 0.35). Stratified analyses suggested stronger correlations for non-occupational activity for participants who were male, had a lower BMI, were younger, or were not full-time workers, although the differences in correlations between groups were not statistically significant. The weighted kappa coefficient for repeatability of the total physical activity index was 0.62 (95% CI 0.53, 0.71). Spearman correlations for repeatability of components of activity were 0.65 (95% CI 0.55, 0.72) for total non-occupational, 0.58 (95% CI 0.48, 0.67) for recreational and 0.73 (95% CI 0.66, 0.79) for household activity. When past-year activity was compared to lifetime estimates of activity, there was fair agreement for non-occupational (rho = 0.26) activity, which was greater for household activity (rho = 0.46) than for recreational activity (rho = 0.21). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the EPIC questionnaire has acceptable measurement characteristics for ranking participants according to their level of total physical activity. The questionnaire should be able to identify the presence or absence of reasonably strong aetiological associations when either recent or long-term activity is the responsible factor.
%Z FOR Codes: 111702 111702


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Reger-Nash, Bill
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Cooper, Linda
%A Chey, Tien
%A Simon, Kenneth J
%A Brann, Maria
%A Leyden, Kevin M
%T WV Walks: replication with expanded reach.
%B Journal of physical activity & health
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 5
%N 1
%P 19-27
%@ 1543-3080
%X BACKGROUND: WV Walks replicated the Wheeling Walks community-wide campaign methodology to promote physical activity. METHODS: A social marketing intervention promoted walking among insufficiently active 40- to 65-year-olds throughout the television media market in north-central West Virginia. The intervention included participatory planning, an 8-week mass media-based campaign, and policy and environmental activities. Pre and post random-digit-dial cohort telephone surveys were conducted at baseline and immediately postcampaign in intervention and comparison regions. RESULTS: The campaign resulted in maximal message awareness in north-central WV and demonstrated a significant increase in walking behavior represented by an absolute shift of 12% of the target population from insufficiently active to active (> or = 30 minutes, 5 days per week), versus the comparison community (adjusted odds ratio 1.82, CI: 1.05-3.17). Policy and environmental changes were also evident. CONCLUSIONS: This replication study increases our confidence that the initial effects observed in the Wheeling Walks intervention are generalizable to other similar rural communities.
%Z FOR Codes: 111702


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, A
%A O'Hara, L
%A Signal, L
%A Smith, B
%A Ritchie, J
%A Parker, E
%A Rissel, C
%T A perspective on changes in values in the profession of health promotion.
%B Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association.
%V 18
%N 1
%P 3-6
%@ 1036-1073
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Mohsin, Mohammed
%A Forero, Roberto
%A Ieraci, Sue
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Young, Lis
%A Santiano, Nancy
%T A population follow-up study of patients who left an emergency department without being seen by a medical officer.
%B Emergency medicine journal : EMJ
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Publishing Group
%V 24
%N 3
%P 175-179
%@ 1472-0213
%X OBJECTIVES: To describe the population of emergency department patients who leave without being seen by a medical officer, to investigate the circumstances of their visit and to ascertain whether they subsequently receive alternative medical care. METHODS: A follow-up study was conducted of patients who were initially triaged, but left without being seen by a medical officer between July 2003 and October 2003 in a tertiary referral hospital emergency department in Sydney, Australia. Emergency Department Information System data were reviewed for population demographics, presenting complaints and acuity rating of patients. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted within 7 days after the patient left the emergency department. RESULTS: During the study period, 8.6% (1272 of 14 741) of the emergency department patients left without seeing a doctor and 35.9% (457 of 1272) of these patients who walks out were contacted for follow-up. The results from bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that walkout rates significantly varied by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Young patients aged 0-29 years, and those with longer waiting time for triage and triaged as "less urgent" were more likely to walk out than others. Overcrowding in the emergency department had a significant association with walkout of patients. Prolonged waiting time was the most common reason for leaving emergency departments without being seen by a doctor. Only 12.7% (58 of 457) of the walkout patients revisited emergency departments within 7 days of their departure and of those who were subsequently admitted following their return to hospital accounted for 5.0% (23 of 457). Of the follow-up patients, 39.4% felt angry about their emergency department experiences. CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients who leave an emergency department without seeing a doctor is strongly correlated with waiting time for medical review. Achieving shorter emergency department waiting times is central to reducing the numbers of people leaving without being seen. The rate of patients who leave without being seen is also strongly correlated with triage category. These findings highlight the importance of accurate triaging, as this clearly influences waiting time. It is also likely that there are patients who benefit from the reassurance of the triage assessment, and therefore feel less urgency for medical review. These may be cases where immediate medical review is not essential. This area should be further explored. These results are important for planning and staffing health services. Decision makers should identify and target factors to minimise walkouts from public hospital emergency departments.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Atlantis, Evan
%A Salmon, Jo
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Acute effects of advertisements on children's choices, preferences, and ratings of liking for physical activities and sedentary behaviours: A randomised controlled pilot study.
%B Journal of science and medicine in sport / Sports Medicine Australia
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Sports Medicine Australia
%V 11
%N 0
%P 553-7
%@ 1440-2440
%X The acute decision prompting effects of social marketing via television (TV) advertisements promoting physical activity to children are unknown. This pilot study aimed to determine the acute effects of an Australian government-sponsored TV advertisement (called ''Get Moving''), promoting more physical activity and less sedentary behaviour, on children''s choices, preferences, and ratings of liking for physical activities and sedentary behaviours. Thirty-one children aged 10-12 years were recruited from a single public school, and randomised to one of two treatment groups or two control groups (Solomon four-group design). Treatment participants watched an episode of The Simpsons embedded every 10min with three 30s Get Moving advertisements plus standard advertisements. Control participants watched the same episode plus standard advertisements, but without the Get Moving advertisements. The following dependent variables were assessed immediately before and/or after exposure: activity preference (participants selected either verbally or by pointing to one of eight picture cards depicting four physical activities and four sedentary behaviours); ratings of liking (participants rated how much they liked or disliked each of these activities/behaviours either verbally or by pointing to one of nine values with an adjacent smile or frown on a Likert-type scale); and time spent in physical activities was assessed by direct observation during a 10min free-time session. No significant effects or trends were seen for any of the dependent variables. Further research is needed to determine whether different content and/or higher doses of exposure to physical activity promoting advertisements are needed to influence children''s activity choices.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Allman-Farinelli, M A
%A Chey, T
%A Bauman, A E
%A Gill, T
%A James, W P T
%T Age, period and birth cohort effects on prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian adults from 1990 to 2000.
%B European journal of clinical nutrition
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 62
%N 0
%P 898-907
%@ 0954-3007
%X To assess the individual contributions of age, period and birth cohort to prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Australian population during 1990 to 2000.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bowles, Heather
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Chey, Tien
%A Smith, Ben
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Associations of Type, Organization, and Number of Recreational Activities With Total Activity.
%B Journal of Physical Activity & Health
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 4
%N 4
%P 469-480
%@ 1543-3080
%X Background: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between characteristics of recreational activity and total physical activity (PA). Methods: Recreational activity type and number were assessed for 3385 adult respondents to the population-based Exercise Recreation and Sport Survey and categorized as "no recreational activity," "walking only," "sport only," or "combined walking and sport." Total PA was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized as "low," "moderate," or "high." Results: Odds of high total PA were 1.7 times greater among walking-only participants, 2.9 times greater among sport-only participants, and 3.3 times greater among participants in combined walking and sport compared to no recreational activity participants. Greater number of recreational activities related to increased odds of high total PA. Similar associations were observed between recreational activity and moderate total PA. Conclusion: Participants in more than 1 type of recreational activity were less likely to have a low-active lifestyle.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cameron, Christine
%A Craig, Cora L
%A Bull, Fiona C
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Canada's physical activity guides: has their release had an impact?
%B Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de santé publique
%D 2007
%C Canada
%I Canadian Public Health Association
%V 98
%N Suppl 2
%P S161-S169
%@ 0008-4263
%X The purpose of this paper is to examine the reach of different versions of Canada''s physical activity guide (CPAG) and their impacts, including immediate effects (awareness, knowledge, beliefs, future intention to be active, first steps towards behavioural change) and population levels of physical activity. The analysis is based on eligible adults aged 18 years and older (n = 8,892) included in the 2003 Physical Activity Monitor (PAM) survey. The 2003 PAM was a cross-sectional, telephone interview of a representative population sample. Secular trends of Canadians aged 12 years and older were examined, using representative samples from the National Population Health and Canadian Community Health Surveys. Unprompted recall of any guidelines for physical activity was very low (4%), whereas prompted recall of the CPAG was higher (37%). Unprompted and prompted recall were higher among women and high-income earners, and increased with level of education. Behaviours associated with "seeking information" and "initiating action" were associated with unprompted and prompted recall. Beliefs about the benefits of physical activity and intention to be active were also associated with prompted recall. Unprompted CPAG recall, knowledge about the amount of activity required to meet the CPAG, intention to be active, "seeking information", and "initiating action" were associated with being "sufficiently active". The CPAG is an appropriate set of public health guidelines or recommendations around physical activity. The low unprompted recall rate points to the need for a coordinated, well-funded approach to communication of these guidelines, involving governmental and non-governmental partners and intermediaries in municipalities, schools, workplaces, and the recreational, public health, and health-care systems.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Havea, Drew
%A Chey, Tien
%T Comparison of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drug usage among school students in three Pacific Island societies.
%B Drug and alcohol dependence
%D 2007
%C Ireland
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 88
%N 
%P 9-18
%@ 0376-8716
%X Many Pacific Island countries are in social and epidemiological transition, but there are little population data about drug and alcohol usage among adolescents in this region.
%Z FOR Codes: 111715


%0 Journal Article
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A McLean, Grant
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Gender differences in influences of perceived environmental and psychosocial correlates on recommended level of physical activity among New Zealanders
%B Psychology of Sport and Exercise
%D 2007
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV.
%V 8
%N 
%P 939-950
%@ 1469-0292
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%A Jayasinghe, Sanjay
%A Young, Lis
%A Santiano, Nancy
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Dickson, Hugh
%A Rowland, Jeffrey
%A Anderson, Teresa
%T Hospital care of people living in residential care facilities: Profile, utilization patterns and factors impacting on quality and safety of care
%B Geriatrics and Gerontology International
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Blackwell Publishers
%V 7
%N 3
%P 271-278
%@ 1447-0594
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110308 111718


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Murphy, Niamh M
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Mass sporting and physical activity events--are they "bread and circuses" or public health interventions to increase population levels of physical activity?
%B Journal of physical activity & health
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 4
%N 2
%P 193-202
%@ 1543-3080
%X BACKGROUND: Large-scale, one-off sporting or physical activity (PA) events are often thought to impact population PA levels. This article reviews the evidence and explores the nature of the effect. METHODS: A search of the published and grey literature was conducted to July 2005 using relevant databases, web sources, and personal contacts. Impacts are described at the individual, societal and community, and environmental levels. RESULTS: Few quality evaluations have been conducted. While mass sporting events appear to influence PA-related infrastructure, there is scant evidence of impact on individual participation at the population level. There is some evidence that events promoting active transport can positively affect PA. CONCLUSIONS: The public health potential of major sporting and PA events is often cited, but evidence for public health benefit is lacking. An evaluation framework is proposed.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Wagner, Renate
%T Mental illness and physical activity: therapists' beliefs and practices.
%B The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 41
%N 5
%P 458-459
%@ 1440-1614
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Sugiyama, Takemi
%A Salmon, Jo
%A Dunstan, David W
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Owen, Neville
%T Neighborhood walkability and TV viewing time among Australian adults.
%B American journal of preventive medicine
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 33
%N 6
%P 444-449
%@ 0749-3797
%X BACKGROUND: Built-environment attributes of a neighborhood are associated with participation in physical activity and may also influence time spent in sedentary behaviors. Associations of neighborhood walkability (based on dwelling density, street connectivity, land-use mix, and net retail area) and television viewing time were compared in a large, spatially-derived sample of Australian adults. METHODS: Neighborhood-level variables (walkability and socioeconomic status [SES]) were calculated in 154 Australian census collection districts using Geographic Information Systems. Individual-level variables (TV viewing time, time spent in leisure-time physical activity, height, weight, and sociodemographic variables) were collected from adults living in urban areas of Adelaide, Australia using a mail survey (N=2224) in 2003-2004. Multilevel linear regression analysis was conducted in 2006 separately for men and women to examine variations in TV viewing time across tertiles of walkability. RESULTS: Neighborhood walkability was negatively associated with TV viewing time in women, but not in men. After controlling for neighborhood SES, body mass index, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, women living in medium- and high-walkable neighborhoods reported significantly less TV viewing time per day (14 minutes and 17 minutes, respectively) compared to those residing in low-walkable neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS: Built-environment attributes of neighborhoods that are related to physical activity also may play an important role in influencing sedentary behavior, particularly among women. Considering the effects of prolonged sedentary time on health risks, which are independent of physical activity, there is the need for further research to explore how environmental characteristics may contribute to the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Owen, Neville
%A Cerin, Ester
%A Leslie, Eva
%A duToit, Lorinne
%A Coffee, Neil
%A Frank, Lawrence D
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Hugo, Graeme
%A Saelens, Brian E
%A Sallis, James F
%T Neighborhood walkability and the walking behavior of Australian adults.
%B American journal of preventive medicine
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 33
%N 5
%P 387-395
%@ 0749-3797
%X BACKGROUND: The physical attributes of residential neighborhoods, particularly the connectedness of streets and the proximity of destinations, can influence walking behaviors. To provide the evidence for public health advocacy on activity-friendly environments, large-scale studies in different countries are needed. Associations of neighborhood physical environments with adults'' walking for transport and walking for recreation must be better understood. METHOD: Walking for transport and walking for recreation were assessed with a validated survey among 2650 adults recruited from neighborhoods in an Australian city between July 2003 and June 2004, with neighborhoods selected to have either high or low walkability, based on objective measures of connectedness and proximity derived from geographic information systems (GIS) databases. The study design was stratified by area-level socioeconomic status, while analyses controlled for participant age, gender, individual-level socioeconomic status, and reasons for neighborhood self-selection. RESULTS: A strong independent positive association was found between weekly frequency of walking for transport and the objectively derived neighborhood walkability index. Preference for walkable neighborhoods moderated the relationship of walkability with weekly minutes, but not the frequency of walking for transport--walkability was related to higher frequency of transport walking, irrespective of neighborhood self-selection. There were no significant associations between environmental factors and walking for recreation. CONCLUSIONS: Associations of neighborhood walkability attributes with walking for transport were confirmed in Australia. They accounted for a modest but statistically significant proportion of the total variation of the relevant walking behavior. The physical environment attributes that make up the walkability index are potentially important candidate factors for future environmental and policy initiatives designed to increase physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Owen, Neville
%A Brown, Wendy
%T Of mass campaigns, Red Chairs and sedentary policy processes.
%B Australian and New Zealand journal of public health
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Public Health Association of Australia
%V 31
%N 5
%P 405-406
%@ 1326-0200
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Allman-Farinelli, Margaret A
%A King, Lesley
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Overweight and obesity from childhood to adulthood: a follow-up of participants in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey.
%B The Medical journal of Australia
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 187
%N 5
%P 314-314
%@ 1326-5377
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Haskell, William
%A Lee, I-Min
%A Pate, Russell
%A Powell, Kenneth
%A Blair, Steven
%A Franklin, Barry
%A Macera, Caroline
%A Heath, Gregory
%A Thompson, Paul
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Physical Activity and Public Health: Updated Recommendation for Adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association.
%B Medicine and science in sports and exercise
%D 2007
%C US
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 39
%N 8
%P 1423-1434
%@ 0195-9131
%X SUMMARY:: In 1995 the American College of Sports Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published national guidelines on Physical Activity and Public Health. The Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the American Heart Association endorsed and supported these recommendations. The purpose of the present report is to update and clarify the 1995 recommendations on the types and amounts of physical activity needed by healthy adults to improve and maintain health. Development of this document was by an expert panel of scientists, including physicians, epidemiologists, exercise scientists, and public health specialists. This panel reviewed advances in pertinent physiologic, epidemiologic, and clinical scientific data, including primary research articles and reviews published since the original recommendation was issued in 1995. Issues considered by the panel included new scientific evidence relating physical activity to health, physical activity recommendations by various organizations in the interim, and communications issues. Key points related to updating the physical activity recommendation were outlined and writing groups were formed. A draft manuscript was prepared and circulated for review to the expert panel as well as to outside experts. Comments were integrated into the final recommendation. PRIMARY RECOMMENDATION:: To promote and maintain health, all healthy adults aged 18 to 65 yr need moderate-intensity aerobic (endurance) physical activity for a minimum of 30 min on five days each week or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity for a minimum of 20 min on three days each week. [I (A)] Combinations of moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity can be performed to meet this recommendation. [IIa (B)] For example, a person can meet the recommendation by walking briskly for 30 min twice during the week and then jogging for 20 min on two other days. Moderate-intensity aerobic activity, which is generally equivalent to a brisk walk and noticeably accelerates the heart rate, can be accumulated toward the 30-min minimum by performing bouts each lasting 10 or more minutes. [I (B)] Vigorous-intensity activity is exemplified by jogging, and causes rapid breathing and a substantial increase in heart rate. In addition, every adult should perform activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance a minimum of two days each week. [IIa (A)] Because of the dose-response relation between physical activity and health, persons who wish to further improve their personal fitness, reduce their risk for chronic diseases and disabilities or prevent unhealthy weight gain may benefit by exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of physical activity. [I (A)].
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cust, Anne E
%A Armstrong, Bruce K
%A Friedenreich, Christine M
%A Slimani, Nadia
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Physical activity and endometrial cancer risk: a review of the current evidence, biologic mechanisms and the quality of physical activity assessment methods.
%B Cancer causes & control : CCC
%D 2007
%C Netherlands
%I Springer Netherlands
%V 18
%N 3
%P 243-258
%@ 0957-5243
%X OBJECTIVES: To (1) determine the nature of the association between physical activity and endometrial cancer risk; (2) assess the contribution of variation in the quality of physical activity measurement to inconsistencies in study results; and (3) review the biologic mechanisms that might mediate possible effects of physical activity on risk. METHODS: We reviewed and summarized all published epidemiologic studies examining physical activity and endometrial cancer risk, and evidence relating to possible biologic mechanisms. We assigned each study a quality score for physical activity measurement. RESULTS: Fourteen of the 18 studies showed a convincing or possible protective effect of physical activity on endometrial cancer risk, with an average relative risk reduction of around 30%. A dose-response relation was observed in 7 of 13 studies. The quality score was not related to the observed strength of association or the presence of a dose-response relation. There was epidemiologic and biologic evidence that vigorous activity, as well as light and moderate intensity activities, such as housework, gardening or walking for transportation, may reduce risk. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity probably has a protective role in endometrial cancer development. More epidemiologic and biologic evidence is needed to make conclusive recommendations on optimal types, characteristics or time periods of physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Stubbs, Tony
%A Vita, Philip
%A Holford, Richard
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Physical activity promotion - Are GPs getting the message?
%B Australian family physician
%D 2007
%C Melbourne
%I The Royal Australian College of General Practition
%V 36
%N 10
%P 871-874
%@ 0300-8495
%X METHODS: In 1997 and 2000 GPs in five divisions of general practice in New South Wales were sent a questionnaire about their knowledge, confidence, perceived role, and frequency of talking to patients about physical activity. RESULTS: At the second survey, GPs had significantly improved their knowledge and perceived role in physical activity promotion as well as their confidence to address this risk factor. However, GPs reported discussing physical activity with similar numbers of patients in 1997 and 2000. DISCUSSION: State wide campaigns and National Heart Foundation efforts may have influenced GPs'' knowledge and beliefs about physical activity, but not the extent to which they discuss this with their patients. Greater attention needs to be given to the barriers that hamper these GP efforts.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Wagner, Renate
%A Chey, Tien
%A Marnane, Claire
%A Steel, Zachary
%A Silove, Derrick
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Promoting walking as an adjunct intervention to group cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders-A pilot group randomized trial.
%B Journal of anxiety disorders
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 22
%N 0
%P 959-68
%@ 0887-6185
%X A group randomized trial of adding a home-based walking program to a standard group cognitive behavioral therapy (GCBT+EX) was compared with groups receiving GCBT and educational sessions (GCBT+ED). The study was implemented in an outpatient clinic providing GCBT for clients diagnosed with panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder or social phobia. Pre- and post-treatment measures included the self-report depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) and measures of physical activity. From January 2004 to May 2005, six groups were allocated to GCBT+EX (n=38) and five to GCBT+ED (n=36). Analysis of covariance for completed cases (GCBT+EX, n=21; GCBT+ED, n=20), adjusting for the group design, baseline DASS-21 scores, and anxiety diagnosis showed significant effect for GCBT+EX on depression, anxiety, and stress (regression coefficients=-6.21, -3.41, and -5.14, respectively, p<0.05) compared to the GCBT+ED. The potential of exercise interventions as adjunct to GCBT for anxiety disorder needs to be further explored.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Phongsavan, Philayrath
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Van Kemenade, Cathelijne
%A Brown, Wendy J
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Promoting walking with pedometers in the community: the step-by-step trial.
%B American journal of preventive medicine
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 32
%N 4
%P 290-297
%@ 0749-3797
%X BACKGROUND: Pedometers have been identified as a potential motivational aid for increasing physical activity, but their efficacy has not been demonstrated in a community-based, nonclinical sample. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from August to December 2005. Analysis was completed in June 2006. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Inactive adults aged 30-65 years (n=369) recruited from the community. INTERVENTION: Comparison of a theoretically based self-help walking program (WP) and weekly diaries (sent by mail); the same walking program with a pedometer (WPP) (also by mail); and a no-treatment control group (C). MEASURES: Change in self-reported leisure time in any sports/recreation in the last 3 months, and all-purpose walking (APW) for exercise, recreation, and travel, and other moderate, vigorous physical activity in the last week. Proportions meeting physical activity recommendations (equal to or greater than 150 minutes and equal to or greater than five sessions/week(-1)) were determined. RESULTS: A 3-month follow-up interview was conducted with 314 (85%) participants. Intention-to-treat analyses indicated significance within-group increases of APW and leisure-time walking (LTW), but mean and median sessions and minutes changes were greatest in the WPP group. There were no significant between-group differences in regular LTW (walked equal to or greater than 5 sessions/week(-1) for at least 30 minutes/session), but the WPP group increased significantly participation in other sports/recreations and was more likely than the control group to meet physical activity recommendations by all leisure-time physical activity (adjusted odds ratio=2.40, 95% CI=1.17-4.93), by APW (adjusted odds ratio=1.75 95% CI=0.92-3.34) and all physical activity (adjusted odds ratio=1.59 95% CI=0.92-2.79) in the last week. CONCLUSIONS: Pedometers enhanced the effects of the self-help walking program. This low-cost intervention should be tested for sustainability.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Mohsin, Mohammed
%A Forero, Roberto
%A Berthelsen, Angela
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Jalaludin, Bin
%A Gyaneshwar, Rajanishwar
%T Social influences for smoking in pregnancy in south western Sydney antenatal clinic attendees.
%B The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 47
%N 3
%P 207-212
%@ 1479-828X
%X This study examined the needs of and barriers to smoking cessation of 677 women who attended antenatal clinics in south-west Sydney. More than a quarter (26.3%) of the mothers reported smoking at their first antenatal visit. Smokers were more likely to be teenagers, single mothers and less likely to have formal education or employment. They were less aware of the potential health risks of smoking in pregnancy (SIP). High levels of SIP remain a public health problem, and effective interventions are needed.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Smith, Ben
%A King, Lesley
%A Flood, Victoria
%A Bauman, Adrian
%T Television food advertising to children: the extent and nature of exposure.
%B Public Health Nutrition
%D 2007
%C England
%I Published on behalf of the Nutrition Society by CA
%V 10
%N 11
%P 1234-1240
%@ 1368-9800
%X To describe the pattern and prevalence of food and drink advertisements to children on commercial television in Sydney, Australia, and compare these with advertising regulations set out in the Children''s Television Standards and results from a similar study in 2002.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A King, Lesley
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Flood, Victoria
%T The effects of different regulation systems on television food advertising to children.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Public Health Association of Australia
%V 31
%N 4
%P 340-343
%@ 1326-0200
%X OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to model children''s potential exposure to television food advertisements under different regulatory scenarios to demonstrate the policy implications of regulatory change in Australia. METHODS: Television advertising data was collected from Sydney commercial television channels from 14-20 May 2006. Extrapolating from these data, the patterns of food advertising under four regulatory scenarios were examined, including arrangements restricting the content, volume and timing of advertisements. RESULTS: Each scenario resulted in a reduction of total and non-core food advertisements. The scenario to restrict non-core food advertisements during the major viewing period (7:00-20:30) led to the largest reduction in total and non-core food advertisements (79.2% reduction), with no change in the frequency of core food advertisements. CONCLUSIONS: The results illustrate the potential for reducing children''s exposure to food advertising through simple regulatory restrictions. IMPLICATIONS: This research contributes to future debates on the regulation of television food advertising. It is particularly relevant as Australian regulations will be under review in 2007.
%Z FOR Codes: 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gebel, Klaus
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Petticrew, Mark
%T The physical environment and physical activity: a critical appraisal of review articles.
%B American journal of preventive medicine
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 32
%N 5
%P 361-369
%@ 0749-3797
%X BACKGROUND: Over the last few years an increasing number of studies investigating the association between the physical environment and physical activity have been published. Many reviews have also summarized this emerging body of research, and such review papers are frequently used by public health policymakers and researchers themselves to inform decision making. METHODS: This paper systematically appraises methodologic aspects of literature reviews examining the relationship between physical activity and the physical environment published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2005. Eleven reviews and their antecedent source papers were examined. RESULTS: The majority of these reviews omitted between one third and two thirds of the studies that could have been eligible for inclusion at the time they conducted the review. Methodologic information on how the review was conducted was not always provided. Furthermore, in some cases results of a study were reported incorrectly, or physical environmental aspects were conflated with social environmental or cognitive factors. Moreover, when results were reported incorrectly, physical environmental variables were almost always reported as significantly associated with physical activity, when these associations were nonsignificant, or were not assessed as part of the primary study. CONCLUSIONS: Users of reviews in this field should be aware that there are significant methodologic variations among them, and that some reviews may include only a sample of the relevant primary studies. However, this is difficult to determine given the frequent incompleteness of review method reporting. Greater standardization in the reporting of review methods may assist with future efforts to summarize studies of the relationship between physical environments and physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Silove, Derrick
%A Steel, Zachary
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Chey, Tien
%A McFarlane, Alexander
%T Trauma, PTSD and the longer-term mental health burden amongst Vietnamese refugees : a comparison with the Australian-born population.
%B Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
%D 2007
%C Germany
%I Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag
%V 42
%N 6
%P 467-476
%@ 0933-7954
%X BACKGROUND: Uncertainty persists about the impact of trauma on the long-term mental health of resettled refugees. The present study aimed to assess the contributions of trauma and PTSD to overall mental disorder and related need for services amongst Vietnamese refugees resettled for over a decade in Australia. The data were compared with a survey of the host population. METHOD: The study involved a probabilistic sample of Vietnamese refugees (n = 1,161) resettled in Australia for 11 years. The Australian-born sample (n = 7,961) was drawn from a national survey using the same diagnostic measure, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). RESULTS: The PTSD prevalence for both groups was 3.5% and the diagnosis was present in 50% of Vietnamese and 19% of Australians with any mental disorder(s). Trauma made the largest contribution to mental disorder in the Vietnamese (odds ratio >8), whereas amongst Australians, younger age (odds ratio >3) and trauma (odds ratio >4) each played a role. PTSD was equally disabling in both populations but Vietnamese with the disorder reported more physical, and Australians more mental disability. Approximately one in three Australians and one in 10 Vietnamese with PTSD sought help from mental health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma and PTSD continue to affect the mental health of Vietnamese refugees even after a decade of resettlement in Australia. The tendency of Vietnamese with PTSD to report symptoms of physical disability may create obstacles to their obtaining appropriate mental health care.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Corpuz, Grace
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%T Trends in Australian children traveling to school 1971-2003: Burning petrol or carbohydrates?
%B Preventive medicine
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 46
%N 0
%P 60-2
%@ 0091-7435
%X To determine how Australian children traveled to and from school between 1971 and 2003.
%Z FOR Codes: 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, C L
%A Tudor-Locke, C
%A Bauman, A
%T Twelve-month effects of Canada on the Move: a population-wide campaign to promote pedometer use and walking.
%B Health education research
%D 2007
%C United States.
%I Oxford University Press
%V 22
%N 3
%P 406-413
%@ 0268-1153
%X Canada on the Move is a national campaign to promote pedometer use and walking among adult Canadians. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the initiative''s impact on sufficient walking, defined here as at least an hour daily in the week prior to the survey. Data were collected via the national Canadian Physical Activity Monitor''s rolling monthly sample throughout 2004. Population prevalence rates of walking were compared using Bonferroni-adjusted confidence intervals. Correlates of sufficient walking were estimated using odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, income and education. Message recall and pedometer ownership were associated with increased odds of self-reported walking. There was evidence of a campaign effect on walking behavior independent of secular trends. The increased likelihood of sufficient walking suggests an ongoing role for nationally funded public awareness campaigns. The effectiveness of health promotion to increase walking may be enhanced by combining motivational health-related messages with the dissemination and adoption of an easy-to-use tool for self-monitoring purposes.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Leslie, Eva
%A Coffee, Neil
%A Frank, Lawrence
%A Owen, Neville
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Hugo, Graeme
%T Walkability of local communities: using geographic information systems to objectively assess relevant environmental attributes.
%B Health & place
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 13
%N 1
%P 111-122
%@ 1353-8292
%X Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to objectively measure features of the built environment that may influence adults'' physical activity, which is an important determinant of chronic disease. We describe how a previously developed index of walkability was operationalised in an Australian context, using available spatial data. The index was used to generate a stratified sampling frame for the selection of households from 32 communities for the PLACE (Physical Activity in Localities and Community Environments) study. GIS data have the potential to be used to construct measures of environmental attributes and to develop indices of walkability for cities, regions or local communities.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Tudor-Locke, Catrine
%A van der Ploeg, Hidde P
%A Bowles, Heather R
%A Bittman, Michael
%A Fisher, Kimberly
%A Merom, Dafna
%A Gershuny, Jonathan
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Egerton, Muriel
%T Walking behaviours from the 1965-2003 American Heritage Time Use Study (AHTUS).
%B The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
%D 2007
%C UK, US.
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 4
%N 
%P 45
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The American Heritage Time Use Study (AHTUS) represents a harmonised historical data file of time use by adults, amalgamating surveys collected in 1965-66, 1975-76, 1985, 1992-94, and 2003. The objectives of time-use studies have ranged from evaluating household and other unpaid production of goods and services, to monitoring of media use, to comparing lifestyles of more and less privileged social groups, or to tracking broad shifts in social behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process and utility of identifying and compiling data from the AHTUS to describe a range of walking behaviours collected using time-use survey methods over almost 40 years in the USA. METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis of an existing amalgamated data set. Noting source survey-specific limitations in comparability of design, we determined age-standardized participation (and associated durations) in any walking, walking for exercise, walking for transport, walking the dog, sports/exercise (excluding walking), and all physical activity for those survey years for which sufficient relevant data details were available. RESULTS: Data processing revealed inconsistencies in instrument administration, coding various types of walking and in prompting other sport/exercise across surveys. Thus for the entire period, application of inferential statistics to determine trend for a range of walking behaviours could not be done with confidence. Focusing on the two most comparable survey years, 1985 and 2003, it appears that walking for exercise in America has increased in popularity on any given day (from 2.9 to 5.4% of adults) and accumulated duration amongst those who walk for exercise (from 30 to 45 mins/day). Dog walking has decreased in popularity over the same time period (from 9.4 to 2.6%). Associated duration amongst dog walkers was stable at 30 mins/day. CONCLUSION: The noted and sometimes substantial differences in methods between the various survey administrations preclude stringent interpretation of these trends in walking behaviours and the use of conventional application of inferential statistics to evaluate significance of time trends. Although the AHTUS offers the most comprehensive attempt at harmonization yet undertaken with these individual time-use surveys, we found that any noted cross-time changes in walking and physical activity behaviour are not easily interpreted in terms of conventional epidemiological approaches and could be true changes, artefact related to instrument and method changes, or both. Public health utilization of the AHTUS, could be enhanced with greater attention to methodological issues known to influence estimation of physical activity behaviour in population. This could be achieved with cross-disciplinary collaboration between groups of experts in the various stages of these surveys.
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