%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Sidis, Anna
%A Whitwell, Bradley
%A Glozier, Nicholas
%A Davenport, Tracey
%A Pantelis, Christos
%A Wood, Stephen J
%A McGorry, Patrick D
%T Applying clinical staging to young people who present for mental health care.
%B Early Intervention in Psychiatry
%D 2013
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 7
%N 1
%P 31-43
%@ 1751-7893
%X Aim: The study aims to apply clinical staging to young people who present for mental health care; to describe the demographic features, patterns of psychological symptoms, disability correlates and clinical stages of those young people; and to report longitudinal estimates of progression from less to more severe stages. Methods: The study uses cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments of young people managed in specialized youth clinics. On the basis of clinical records, subjects were assigned to a specific clinical ''stage'' (i.e. ''help-seeking'', ''attenuated syndrome'', ''discrete disorder'' or ''persistent or recurrent illness''). Results: Young people (n???=???209, mean age???=???19.9???years (range???=???12-30???years), 48% female) were selected from a broader cohort of n???=???1483 subjects. Ten percent were assigned to the earliest ''help-seeking'' stage, 54% to the ''attenuated syndrome'' stage, 25% to the ''discrete disorder'' stage and 11% to the later ''persistent or recurrent illness'' stage. The interrater reliability of independent ratings at baseline was acceptable (?????=???0.71). Subjects assigned to the ''attenuated syndrome'' stage reported symptom and disability scores that were similar to those assigned to later stages. Longitudinally (median???=???48???weeks), transition to later clinical stages were 11% of the ''help-seeking'', 19% of the ''attenuated syndrome'' and 33% of the ''discrete disorder'' groups. Conclusion: Among young people presenting for mental health care, most are clinically staged as having ''attenuated syndromes''. Despite access to specialized treatment, a significant number progress to more severe or persistent disorders.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Scott, Jan
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Glozier, Nick
%A McGorry, Patrick D
%T Clinical classification in mental health at the cross-roads: which direction next?
%B BMC Medicine
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 125
%@ 1741-7015
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lee, R S C
%A Redoblado-Hodge, M A
%A Naismith, S L
%A Hermens, D F
%A Porter, M A
%A Hickie, I B
%T Cognitive remediation improves memory and psychosocial functioning in first-episode psychiatric out-patients.
%B Psychological Medicine
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 46
%N 6
%P 1161-1173
%@ 0033-2917
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 170101


%0 Journal Article
%A Hatton, Sean N
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Hermens, Daniel
%A Scott, Elizabeth
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Bennett, Maxwell
%T Cortical thinning in young psychosis and bipolar patients correlate with common neurocognitive deficits
%B International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
%D 2013
%C Germany
%I SpringerOpen
%V 1
%N 3
%P 1-13
%@ 2194-7511
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110904


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Robillard, R??becca
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Rogers, Naomi L
%A Ip, Tony K C
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Delayed sleep phase in young people with unipolar or bipolar affective disorders.
%B Journal of Affective Disorders
%D 2013
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 145
%N 2
%P 260-263
%@ 0165-0327
%X BACKGROUND: Circadian disturbances may play a key role in the pathogenesis of some forms of mood disorders. Despite marked changes in circadian rhythms during the normal course of adolescence and young adulthood, less is known about changes in the 24-h sleep-wake cycle in young persons with mood disorders. METHODS: Seventy-five young participants with mood disorders (unipolar: n=46, 20.1??4.7 years old; bipolar I or II: n=29, 23.2??4.3) and 20 healthy participants (24.8??2.5 years old) underwent actigraphy monitoring during a depressive phase over seven consecutive days and nights. Sleep phase delay was defined as mean sleep onset ???1:30am and/or sleep offset ???10:00am. RESULTS: A delayed sleep phase was found in 62% of participants with bipolar disorders when depressed, compared with 30% of those with unipolar depression (??(2)=6.0, p=0.014) and 10% of control participants (??(2)=11.2, p<0.001). Sleep offset times were significantly later in subjects with mood disorders compared to the control group, and later in those with bipolar as compared with unipolar disorders (all p???0.043). LIMITATIONS: This study was cross-sectional and the depressed groups were somewhat younger compared to the healthy controls. Longitudinal studies are required to determine the predictive significance of these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Young patients with mood disorders, especially those with bipolar disorders, are particularly likely to have a delayed sleep phase. Therapies focused on advancing sleep phase may be of specific benefit to these young persons.
%Z FOR Codes: 170109


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A De Regt, Tamara
%A White, Django
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Distinguishing young people with emerging bipolar disorders from those with unipolar depression.
%B Journal of Affective Disorders
%D 2013
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 144
%N 3
%P 208-215
%@ 0165-0327
%X BACKGROUND: To facilitate early intervention, there is a need to distinguish unipolar versus bipolar illness trajectories in adolescents and young adults with adult-type mood disorders. METHODS: Detailed clinical and neuropsychological evaluation of 308 young persons (aged 12 to 30 years) with moderately severe unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. RESULTS: Almost 30% (90/308) of young people (mean age=19.4??4.4yr) presenting for care with affective disorders met criteria for a bipolar-type syndrome (26% with bipolar I). Subjects with bipolar- and unipolar-type syndromes were of similar age (19.8 vs. 19.2yr) and reported comparable ages of onset (14.5 vs. 14.3yr). Clinically, those subjects with unipolar and bipolar-type disorders reported similar levels of psychological distress, depressive symptoms, current role impairment, neuropsychological dysfunction and alcohol or other substance misuse. Subjects with unipolar disorders reported more social anxiety (p<0.01). Subjects with bipolar disorders were more likely to report a family history of bipolar (21% vs. 11%; [??(2)=4.0, p<.05]) or psychotic (19% vs. 9%; [??(2)=5.5, p<.05]), or substance misuse (35% vs. 23%; [??(2)=3.9, p<.05]), but not depressive (48% vs. 53%; ??(2)=0.3, p=.582]) disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Young subjects with bipolar disorders were best discriminated by a family history of bipolar, psychotic or substance use disorders. Early in the course of illness, clinical features of depression, or neuropsychological function, do not readily differentiate the two illness trajectories.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A White, Django
%A Lynch, Marta
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Whitwell, Bradley G
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Frequent alcohol, nicotine or cannabis use is common in young persons presenting for mental healthcare: a cross-sectional study.
%B BMJ open
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 3
%N 2
%P e002229
%@ 2044-6055
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Glozier, Nicholas
%A Christensen, Helen
%A Naismith, Sharon
%A Cockayne, Nicole
%A Donkin, Liesje
%A Neal, Bruce
%A Mackinnon, Andrew
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with mild to moderate depression and high cardiovascular disease risks: a randomised attention-controlled trial.
%B PloS One
%D 2013
%C United States
%I Public Library of Science
%V 8
%N 3
%P e59139
%@ 1932-6203
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110201 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Robillard, RĂ©becca
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%T Manipulating the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms to improve clinical management of major depression.
%B BMC Medicine
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 1
%P 79
%@ 1741-7015
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lagopoulos, J
%A Hermens, D F
%A Hatton, S N
%A Battisti, R A
%A Tobias-Webb, J
%A White, D
%A Naismith, S L
%A Scott, E M
%A Ryder, W J
%A Bennett, M R
%A Hickie, I B
%T Microstructural white matter changes are correlated with the stage of psychiatric illness.
%B Translational Psychiatry
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 3
%N 
%P e248
%@ 2158-3188
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Hatton, Sean N
%A Tobias-Webb, Juliette
%A Griffiths, Kristi
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Microstructural white matter changes in the corpus callosum of young people with bipolar disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.
%B PloS One
%D 2013
%C United States
%I Public Library of Science
%V 8
%N 3
%P e59108
%@ 1932-6203
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lee, Rico S C
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Redoblado-Hodge, M Antoinette
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Porter, Melanie A
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A White, Django
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Neuropsychological and socio-occupational functioning in young psychiatric outpatients: a longitudinal investigation.
%B PloS One
%D 2013
%C United States
%I Public Library of Science
%V 8
%N 3
%P e58176
%@ 1932-6203
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%A Hermens, Daniel
%A Naismith, Sharon
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Lee, Rico SC
%A Guastella, Adam
%A Scott, Elizabeth
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Neuropsychological profile according to the clinical stage of young persons presenting for mental health care
%B BMC Psychology
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 1
%N 
%P 3
%@ 2050-7283
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111714 170106


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Tobias-Webb, Juliette
%A De Regt, Tamara
%A Dore, Glenys
%A Juckes, Lisa
%A Latt, Noeline
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Pathways to alcohol-induced brain impairment in young people: A review.
%B Cortex
%D 2013
%C Italy
%I Elsevier Masson
%V 49
%N 1
%P 3-17
%@ 1973-8102
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110904 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Colquhoun, David M
%A Bunker, Stephen J
%A Clarke, David M
%A Glozier, Nick
%A Hare, David L
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Tatoulis, James
%A Thompson, David R
%A Tofler, Geoffrey H
%A Wilson, Alison
%A Branagan, Maree G
%T Screening, referral and treatment for depression in patients with coronary heart disease.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2013
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 198
%N 9
%P 483-484
%@ 1326-5377
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110201 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gillespie, Nathan A
%A Henders, Anjali K
%A Davenport, Tracy A
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Wright, Margie J
%A Martin, Nicholas G
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T The brisbane longitudinal twin study: pathways to cannabis use, abuse, and dependence project-current status, preliminary results, and future directions.
%B Twin Research and Human Genetics
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 16
%N 1
%P 21-33
%@ 1832-4274
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A L, Wang
%A D F, Hermens
%A I B, Hickie
%A J, Lagopoulos
%T A systematic review of resting-state functional-MRI studies in major depression.
%B Journal of Affective Disorders
%D 2012
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 142
%N 1-3
%P 6-12
%@ 0165-0327
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 110999 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Goldstein, David
%A Bennett, Barbara K
%A Webber, Kate
%A Boyle, Fran
%A de Souza, Paul L
%A Wilcken, Nicholas R C
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Toppler, Ruth
%A Murie, Penelope
%A O'Malley, Linda
%A McCourt, Junie
%A Friedlander, Michael
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Lloyd, Andrew R
%T Cancer-related fatigue in women with breast cancer: outcomes of a 5-year prospective cohort study.
%B Journal of Clinical Oncology
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Society of Clinical Oncology
%V 30
%N 15
%P 1805-1812
%@ 1527-7755
%X PURPOSE Prolonged and disabling fatigue is prevalent after cancer treatment, but the early natural history of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has not been systematically examined to document consistent presence of symptoms. Hence, relationships to cancer, surgery, and adjuvant therapy are unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective cohort study of women receiving adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer was conducted. Women (n = 218) were enrolled after surgery and observed at end treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months as well as 5 years. Structured interviews and self-report questionnaires were used to record physical and psychologic health as well as disability and health care utilization. Patients with CRF persisting for 6 months were assessed to exclude alternative medical and psychiatric causes of fatigue. Predictors of persistent fatigue, mood disturbance, and health care utilization were sought by logistic regression. Results The case rate for CRF was 24% (n = 51) postsurgery and 31% (n = 69) at end of treatment; it became persistent in 11% (n = 24) at 6 months and 6% (n = 12) at 12 months. At each time point, approximately one third of the patients had comorbid mood disturbance. Persistent CRF was predicted by tumor size but not demographic, psychologic, surgical, or hematologic parameters. CRF was associated with significant disability and health care utilization. CONCLUSION CRF is common but generally runs a self-limiting course. Much of the previously reported high rates of persistent CRF may be attributable to factors unrelated to the cancer or its treatment.
%Z FOR Codes: 111204


%0 Conference Proceedings
%~ PubMed
%A Dennis, Emily L
%A Jahanshad, Neda
%A Toga, Arthur W
%A Johnson, Kori
%A McMahon, Katie L
%A de Zubicaray, Greig I
%A Martin, Nicholas G
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Wright, Margaret J
%A Thompson, Paul M
%T Changes in anatomical brain connectivity between ages 12 and 30: A HARDI study of 467 adolescents and adults.
%B Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging
%D 2012
%C May 2-5 Barcelona, Spain
%I IEEE
%V 
%N 
%P 904-908
%@ 1945-7928
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1109


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, S L
%A Hermens, D F
%A Ip, T K C
%A Bolitho, S
%A Scott, E
%A Rogers, N L
%A Hickie, I B
%T Circadian profiles in young people during the early stages of affective disorder.
%B Translational Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 2
%N 
%P e123
%@ 2158-3188
%X Although disturbances of the circadian system are strongly linked to affective disorders, no known studies have examined melatonin profiles in young people in early stages of illness. In this study, 44 patients with an affective disorder underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments. They were then rated by a psychiatrist according to a clinical staging model and were categorized as having an ''attenuated syndrome'' or an ''established disorder''. During the evening, salivary melatonin was sampled under dim light conditions over an 8-h interval and for each patient, the time of melatonin onset, total area under the curve and phase angle (difference between time of melatonin onset and time of habitual sleep onset) were computed. Results showed that there was no difference in the timing of melatonin onset across illness stages. However, area under the curve analyses showed that those patients with ''established disorders'' had markedly reduced levels of melatonin secretion, and shorter phase angles, relative to those with ''attenuated syndromes''. These lower levels, in turn, were related to lower subjective sleepiness, and poorer performance on neuropsychological tests of verbal memory. Overall, these results suggest that for patients with established illness, dysfunction of the circadian system relates clearly to functional features and markers of underlying neurobiological change. Although the interpretation of these results would be greatly enhanced by control data, this work has important implications for the early delivery of chronobiological interventions in young people with affective disorders.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Clarke, Patrick J F
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Scott, Elizabeth
%A Guastella, Adam J
%T Clinical staging model applied to young people presenting with social anxiety.
%B Early Intervention in Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 6
%N 3
%P 256-264
%@ 1751-7893
%X Aim: Although the use of illness-staging models in clinical medicine has proved particularly useful, the concept has not been widely applied in mental health. Here, we apply a clinical staging framework to a population of help-seeking young people presenting with social anxiety. The goal was to provide a detailed description of common clinical stage of those presenting for treatment of social anxiety, and to delineate the associations between symptom type, severity and clinical stage. Methods: The results of a structured clinical interview along with background clinical information formed the basis for consensus-derived decisions regarding clinical stage. Subjects also completed self-report measures to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms. Comparisons were conducted largely between those subjects who were considered to have reached a critical clinical threshold for discrete or progressive disorders (i.e. those staged at two and beyond) and those with ''attenuated syndromes'' (stage 1b - 69% of subjects). Results: One hundred forty-three subjects (63% male, mean age???=???22.1???years) were clinically assessed prior to entry into active treatment programmes. Subjects assigned to stage two or above reported more psychological distress, higher depression scores and more alcohol use. However, these subjects did not report more severe anxiety symptoms. A higher incidence of substance misuse was a significant feature of those in later clinical stages. Conclusions: The study suggests that those who present with social anxiety are characterized by a broad range of symptom severity, with a small, though significant proportion representing individuals whose mental health problems have already progressed to a stage characterized by greater co-morbidity and risk of chronicity. Our data specifically suggest that depressive symptoms and substance abuse/dependence may differentiate those in earlier and later clinical stages.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111708 170106


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hatton, Sean N
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Bennett, Maxwell R
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Correlating anterior insula gray matter volume changes in young people with clinical and neurocognitive outcomes: an MRI study.
%B BMC Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 1
%P 45
%@ 1471-244X
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The anterior insula cortex is considered to be both the structural and functional link between experience, affect, and behaviour. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown changes in anterior insula gray matter volume (GMV) in psychosis, bipolar, depression and anxiety disorders in older patients, but few studies have investigated insula GMV changes in young people. This study examined the relationship between anterior insula GMV, clinical symptom severity and neuropsychological performance in a heterogeneous cohort of young people presenting for mental health care. RESULTS: Compared to healthy participants, patients had significantly reduced GMV in the left anterior insula (t=2.05, p=.042) which correlated with reduced performance on a neuropsychological task of attentional set-shifting (rho=0.32, p=.016). Changes in right anterior insula GMV was correlated with increased symptom severity (r=.29, p=.006) and more positive symptoms (r=.32, p=.002). CONCLUSIONS: By using the novel approach of examining a heterogeneous cohort of young depression, anxiety, bipolar and psychosis patients together, this study has demonstrated that insula GMV changes are associated with neurocognitive deficits and clinical symptoms in such young patients.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 110902 170101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Pesa, Nicole
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Battisti, Robert A
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Solowij, Nadia
%T Delayed preattentional functioning in early psychosis patients with cannabis use.
%B Psychopharmacology
%D 2012
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 222
%N 3
%P 507-518
%@ 0033-3158
%X RATIONALE: Cannabis use is prevalent among the early psychosis (EP) population. The event-related potentials, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a are reduced in EP. Cannabinoids have been shown to modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors which are involved in MMN generation. OBJECTIVES: This study is the first to investigate the effects of cannabis use on MMN/P3a in EP. METHODS: EP was defined as a history of psychosis or psychotic symptoms with no progression to date to chronic schizophrenia. Twenty-two EP patients with cannabis use (EP?+?CANN), 22 non-cannabis-using EP patients (EP-CANN) and 21 healthy controls participated in this study. MMN/P3a was elicited using a two-tone, auditory paradigm with 8% duration deviants. RESULTS: As expected, EP-CANN showed marked reductions in MMN/P3a amplitudes compared to controls. However, EP?+?CANN showed evidence of a different pattern of neurophysiological expression of MMN/P3a compared to non-using patients, most notably in terms of delayed frontal MMN/P3a latencies. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence that MMN/P3a deficits are present during early psychosis and suggests that this biomarker may have utility in differentiating substance- from non-substance-related psychoses.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110903 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hermens, D F
%A Lagopoulos, J
%A Naismith, S L
%A Tobias-Webb, J
%A Hickie, I B
%T Distinct neurometabolic profiles are evident in the anterior cingulate of young people with major psychiatric disorders.
%B Translational Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 2
%N 
%P e110
%@ 2158-3188
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 110902


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Frontal lobe changes occur early in the course of affective disorders in young people.
%B BMC psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 1
%P 4
%@ 1471-244X
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hansell, N K
%A Wright, M J
%A Medland, S E
%A Davenport, T A
%A Wray, N R
%A Martin, N G
%A Hickie, I B
%T Genetic co-morbidity between neuroticism, anxiety/depression and somatic distress in a population sample of adolescent and young adult twins.
%B Psychological Medicine
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 42
%N 6
%P 1249-1260
%@ 0033-2917
%X Genetic studies in adults indicate that genes influencing the personality trait of neuroticism account for substantial genetic variance in anxiety and depression and in somatic health. Here, we examine for the first time the factors underlying the relationship between neuroticism and anxiety/depressive and somatic symptoms during adolescence.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 110311 10401


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wray, N R
%A Pergadia, M L
%A Blackwood, D H R
%A Penninx, B W J H
%A Gordon, S D
%A Nyholt, D R
%A Ripke, S
%A MacIntyre, D J
%A McGhee, K A
%A Maclean, A W
%A Smit, J H
%A Hottenga, J J
%A Willemsen, G
%A Middeldorp, C M
%A de Geus, E J C
%A Lewis, C M
%A McGuffin, P
%A Hickie, I B
%A van den Oord, E J C G
%A Liu, J Z
%A Macgregor, S
%A McEvoy, B P
%A Byrne, E M
%A Medland, S E
%A Statham, D J
%A Henders, A K
%A Heath, A C
%A Montgomery, G W
%A Martin, N G
%A Boomsma, D I
%A Madden, P A F
%A Sullivan, P F
%T Genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder: new results, meta-analysis, and lessons learned.
%B Molecular Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 17
%N 1
%P 36-48
%@ 1476-5578
%X Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common complex disorder with a partly genetic etiology. We conducted a genome-wide association study of the MDD2000+ sample (2431 cases, 3673 screened controls and >1?M imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)). No SNPs achieved genome-wide significance either in the MDD2000+ study, or in meta-analysis with two other studies totaling 5763 cases and 6901 controls. These results imply that common variants of intermediate or large effect do not have main effects in the genetic architecture of MDD. Suggestive but notable results were (a) gene-based tests suggesting roles for adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3, 2p23.3) and galanin (GAL, 11q13.3); published functional evidence relates both of these to MDD and serotonergic signaling; (b) support for the bipolar disorder risk variant SNP rs1006737 in CACNA1C (P=0.020, odds ratio=1.10); and (c) lack of support for rs2251219, a SNP identified in a meta-analysis of affective disorder studies (P=0.51). We estimate that sample sizes 1.8- to 2.4-fold greater are needed for association studies of MDD compared with those for schizophrenia to detect variants that explain the same proportion of total variance in liability. Larger study cohorts characterized for genetic and environmental risk factors accumulated prospectively are likely to be needed to dissect more fully the etiology of MDD.
%Z FOR Codes: 110904 60408


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Quintana, Daniel S
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Outhred, Tim
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Kemp, Andrew H
%T Heart Rate Variability Predicts Emotion Recognition: Direct Evidence for a Relationship Between the Autonomic Nervous System and Social Cognition.
%B International Journal of Psychophysiology
%D 2012
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 86
%N 2
%P 168-172
%@ 1872-7697
%X It is well established that heart rate variability (HRV) plays an important role in social communication. Polyvagal theory suggests that HRV may provide a sensitive marker of one''s ability to respond and recognize social cues. The aim of the present study was to directly test this hypothesis. Resting-state HRV was collected and performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test was assessed in 65 volunteers. Higher HRV predicted improved performance on this emotion recognition task confirming our hypothesis and these findings were retained after controlling for a variety of confounding variables known to influence HRV - sex, BMI, smoking habits, physical activity levels, depression, anxiety, and stress. Our data suggests that increased HRV may provide a novel marker of one''s ability to recognize emotions in humans. Implications for understanding the biological basis of emotion recognition, and social impairment in humans are discussed.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110901


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Glozier, Nicholas
%A Davenport, Tracey
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Identification and management of depression in Australian primary care and access to specialist mental health care.
%B Psychiatric Services
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
%V 63
%N 12
%P 1247-1251
%@ 1557-9700
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Daianu, Madelaine 
%A Thompson, Paul M.
%A Jahanshad, Neda
%A Dennis, Emily L. 
%A Toga, Arthur W.
%A McMahon, Katie L. 
%A de Zubicaray, Greig I.
%A Martin, Nicholas G. 
%A Wright, Margaret J.
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Left versus right hemisphere differences in brain connectivity: 4-Tesla HARDI tractography in 569 twins
%B 2012 9th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, ISBI 2012
%D 2012
%C May 2-5 Barcelona, Spain
%I IEEE
%V 
%N 
%P 
%@ 9781457718588
%E ., .
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1109 110320


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Ward, Philip B
%A Watson, Tamara L
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%T Mismatch negativity/p3a complex in young people with psychiatric disorders: a cluster analysis.
%B PLoS One
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Public Library of Science
%V 7
%N 12
%P e51871
%@ 1932-6203
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 170101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Battisti, Robert A
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Ward, Philip B
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%T Neurophysiological biomarkers support bipolar-spectrum disorders within psychosis cluster.
%B Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience
%D 2012
%C Canada
%I Canadian Medical Association
%V 37
%N 5
%P 313-321
%@ 1488-2434
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110904


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Rosenberg, Sebastian
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%T Not letting the ideal be the enemy of the good: The case of the Better Access evaluation - Reply.
%B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Sage Publications Ltd.
%V 46
%N 6
%P 581-582
%@ 1440-1614
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111709


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Walker, Janine G
%A Batterham, Philip J
%A Mackinnon, Andrew J
%A Jorm, Anthony F
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Fenech, Michael
%A Kljakovic, Marjan
%A Crisp, Dimity
%A Christensen, Helen
%T Oral folic acid and vitamin B-12 supplementation to prevent cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms--the Beyond Ageing Project: a randomized controlled trial.
%B The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Society for Nutrition
%V 95
%N 1
%P 194-203
%@ 1938-3207
%X Evidence remains unclear as to whether folic acid (FA) and vitamin B-12 supplementation is effective in reducing depressive symptoms.
%Z FOR Codes: 170102


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kemp, Andrew H
%A Quintana, Daniel S
%A Kuhnert, Rebecca-Lee
%A Griffiths, Kristi
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Guastella, Adam J
%T Oxytocin increases heart rate variability in humans at rest: implications for social approach-related motivation and capacity for social engagement.
%B PLoS One
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Public Library of Science
%V 7
%N 8
%P e44014
%@ 1932-6203
%X Oxytocin (OT) plays a key regulatory role in human social behaviour. While prior studies have examined the effects of OT on observable social behaviours, studies have seldom examined the effects of OT on psychophysiological markers such as heart rate variability (HRV), which provides an index of individual''s motivation for social behaviour. Furthermore, no studies have examined the impact of OT on HRV under resting conditions, which provides an index of maximal capacity for social engagement.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110319 110901


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Alvares, Gail A
%A Chen, Nigel T M
%A Balleine, Bernard W
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Guastella, Adam J
%T Oxytocin selectively moderates negative cognitive appraisals in high trait anxious males.
%B Psychoneuroendocrinology
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 37
%N 12
%P 2022-2031
%@ 1873-3360
%X The mammalian neuropeptide oxytocin has well-characterized effects in facilitating prosocial and affiliative behavior. Additionally, oxytocin decreases physiological and behavioral responses to social stress. In the present study we investigated the effects of oxytocin on cognitive appraisals after a naturalistic social stress task in healthy male students. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 48 participants self-administered either an oxytocin or placebo nasal spray and, following a wait period, completed an impromptu speech task. Eye gaze to a pre-recorded video of an audience displayed during the task was simultaneously collected. After the speech, participants completed questionnaires assessing negative cognitive beliefs about speech performance. Whilst there was no overall effect of oxytocin compared to placebo on either eye gaze or questionnaire measures, there were significant positive correlations between trait levels of anxiety and negative self-appraisals following the speech. Exploratory analyses revealed that whilst higher trait anxiety was associated with increasingly poorer perceptions of speech performance in the placebo group, this relationship was not found in participants administered oxytocin. These results provide preliminary evidence to suggest that oxytocin may reduce negative cognitive self-appraisals in high trait anxious males. It adds to a growing body of evidence that oxytocin seems to attenuate negative cognitive responses to stress in anxious individuals.
%Z FOR Codes: 110999 111502 170106


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Mowszowski, Loren
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Diamond, Keri
%A Norrie, Louisa
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Lewis, Simon J G
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%T Reduced Mismatch Negativity in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Associations with Neuropsychological Performance.
%B Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
%D 2012
%C Netherlands
%I I O S Press
%V 30
%N 1
%P 209-219
%@ 1875-8908
%X Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to a transitory state between healthy aging and dementia. Biomarkers are needed to facilitate early identification of MCI and predict progression to dementia. One potential neurophysiological biomarker, mismatch negativity (MMN), is an event-related potential reflecting fundamental, pre-attentive cognitive processes. MMN is reduced in normal aging and dementia and in neuropsychiatric samples and is associated with verbal memory deficits and poor executive functioning. This study aimed to investigate auditory MMN and its relationship to neuropsychological performance in MCI. Twenty-eight MCI participants and fourteen controls, aged ? 50 years, underwent neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessment, and completed questionnaires pertaining to disability. Relative to controls, the MCI group demonstrated reduced temporal MMN amplitude (p < 0.01). Reduced right temporal MMN was significantly associated with poorer verbal learning (r = 0.496; p < 0.01) and reduced left temporal MMN was significantly associated with increased self-reported disability (r = -0.419; p < 0.05). These results indicate that patients with MCI exhibit altered pre-attentive information processing, which in turn is associated with memory and psychosocial deficits. These findings overall suggest that MMN may be a viable neurophysiological biomarker of underlying disease in this ''at risk'' group.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 170101 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Mowszowski, Loren
%A Ward, Philip B
%A Diamond, Keri
%A Paradise, Matthew
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Lewis, Simon J G
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%T Reduced temporal mismatch negativity in late-life depression: An event-related potential index of cognitive deficit and functional disability?
%B Journal of Affective Disorders
%D 2012
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 138
%N 1-2
%P 71-78
%@ 0165-0327
%X BACKGROUND: Depression in older people has been consistently linked with a variety of neurobiological brain changes. One measure of preattentive auditory processing, the mismatch negativity (MMN), has not been previously examined in late-life depression. This study examined MMN elicited by duration deviant stimuli in older people with lifetime depression, and explored its relationship with neuropsychological functioning and disability. METHODS: Twenty-two older health-seeking patients (mean age=65.2years) with lifetime major depressive disorder and twelve age and sex-matched control participants (mean age=64.6years) completed detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments and the WHO-DAS as a measure of disability. MMN amplitudes were elicited using a two-tone passive auditory oddball paradigm and measured at frontal (Fz), central (Cz) and temporal (left and right mastoid: M1 and M2, respectively) sites. RESULTS: Patients with depression demonstrated reduced mean MMN amplitude at temporal (M1, t=3.1, p<0.01; M2, t=3.8, p<0.01), but not fronto-central sites. Reduced temporal MMN amplitudes did not relate to depressive symptom severity, but were associated with reduced semantic fluency and greater self-rated functional disability. LIMITATIONS: The contribution of depressive symptom ''state'' and medications on MMN need to be considered. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced mean amplitudes of mastoid MMN in older patients with lifetime depression may reflect underlying brain changes. This preattentive marker relates to neuropsychological probes of frontotemporal circuits, and importantly, is associated with disability. Longitudinal analysis of MMN in this group will determine its predictive utility as a biomarker for ongoing cognitive decline and illness chronicity.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110319 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Donkin, L
%A Hickie, I B
%A Christensen, H
%A Naismith, S L
%A Neal, B
%A Cockayne, N L
%A Glozier, N
%T Sampling bias in an internet treatment trial for depression.
%B Translational Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 2
%N 
%P e174
%@ 2158-3188
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%T Targeted primary care-based mental health services for young Australians.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 196
%N 10
%P 627
%@ 1326-5377
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Glozier, Nicholas
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Targeted primary care-based mental health services for young Australians.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 196
%N 2
%P 136-140
%@ 1326-5377
%X To assess the extent to which youth-specific, mental health care centres engage young people (12-25 years of age) in treatment, and to report the degree of psychological distress, and the diagnostic type, stage of illness, and psychosocial and vocational impairment evident in these young people.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Paradise, Matt B
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Glozier, Nick S
%T The impact of gender on early ill-health retirement in people with heart disease and depression.
%B The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Sage Publications Ltd.
%V 46
%N 3
%P 249-256
%@ 1440-1614
%X Objective: Depression and heart disease are major causes of early ill-health retirement. The effect of comorbid depression on the award of ill-health retirement in those with heart disease is unclear, however, and may differ by gender. Given the deleterious effects of ill-health retirement, identifying at-risk groups is important for guiding targeted interventions. Method: We retrospectively analysed baseline data of 20,655 participants from the 45 and Up Study (New South Wales, Australia), who had fully retired between the ages of 45 and 64. We examined the associations of depression and heart disease with ill-health retirement and then adjusted for the presence of common confounders. We then restricted the sample to the 1165 individuals with heart disease prior to retirement, to determine the impact of comorbid depression on IHR and analysed whether there was a differential impact by gender. Results: In the complete sample, 3836 out of 20,655 (18.6%) of the participants retired early due to ill health. Prior heart disease and depression were both independently and strongly associated with ill-health retirement. Those who retired due to ill health were also more likely to be men, less educated, report greater physical disability and were younger at retirement. Among the 1165 for whom heart disease predated any form of retirement, 40% retired due to ill health. Comorbid depression prior to ill-health retirement was strongly associated with an increased risk of this IHR in women (odds ratio = 2.85; 95% confidence interval = 1.20-6.77, p = 0.01), but not in men (interaction term, p = 0.045). Conclusions: Ill-health retirement is common in those with heart disease. Women appear to be particularly susceptible to the effects of comorbid depression. Given the policy emphasis on reducing the number of people leaving the workforce early, women with early heart disease may represent a particular group in whom interventions designed to detect and treat comorbid depression should be targeted.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111717


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Norrie, Louisa M
%A Mowszowski, Loren
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T The neurobiology of depression in later-life: Clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathophysiological features.
%B Progress in Neurobiology
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 98
%N 1
%P 99-143
%@ 1873-5118
%X As the population ages, the economic and societal impacts of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are expected to rise sharply. Like dementia, late-life depressive disorders are common and are linked to increased disability, high healthcare utilisation, cognitive decline and premature mortality. Considerable heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of major depression across the life cycle may reflect unique pathophysiological pathways to illness; differentiating those with earlier onset who have grown older (early-onset depression), from those with illness onset after the age of 50 or 60 years (late-onset depression). The last two decades have witnessed significant advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of early- and late-onset depression, and has shown that disturbances of fronto-subcortical functioning are implicated. New biomedical models extend well beyond perturbations of traditional monoamine systems to include altered neurotrophins, endocrinologic and immunologic system dysfunction, inflammatory processes and gene expression alterations. This more recent research has highlighted that a range of illness-specific, neurodegenerative and vascular factors appear to contribute to the various phenotypic presentations. This review highlights the major features of late-life depression, with specific reference to its associated aetiological, clinical, cognitive, neuroimaging, neuropathological, inflammatory and genetic correlates. Data examining the efficacy of pharmacological, non-pharmacological and novel treatments for depression are discussed. Ultimately, future research must aim to evaluate whether basic biomedical knowledge can be successfully translated into enhanced health outcomes via the implementation of early intervention paradigms.
%Z FOR Codes: 1109


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Paradise, Matt Bennett
%A Naismith, Sharon Linda
%A Norrie, Louisa Margaret
%A Graeber, Manuel Benedikt
%A Hickie, Ian Bernard
%T The role of glia in late-life depression.
%B International Psychogeriatrics
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 24
%N 12
%P 1878-1890
%@ 1741-203X
%X ABSTRACT Late-life depression (LLD) has a complex and multifactoral etiology. There is growing interest in elucidating how glia, acting alone or as part of a glial-neuronal network, may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. In this paper, we explore results from neuroimaging studies showing gray-matter volume loss in key frontal and subcortical structures implicated in LLD, and present the few histological studies that have examined neuronal and glial densities in these regions. Compared to results in younger people with depression, there appear to be age-dependent differences in neuronal pathology but the changes in glial pathology may be more subtle, perhaps reflecting a longer-term compensatory gliosis to earlier damage. We then consider the mechanisms by which both astrocytes and microglia may mediate and modulate neuronal dysfunction and possible degeneration in depression. These include a critical role in the response to peripheral inflammation and central microglial activation, as well as a key role in glutamate metabolism. Advances in our understanding of glia are highlighted, including the role of microglia as "electricians" of the brain and astrocytes as key communicating cells, an integral part of the tripartite synapse. Finally, implications for clinicians are discussed, including the consideration of glia as biomarkers for LLD and incorporation of glia into future therapeutic strategies.
%Z FOR Codes: 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A White, Django
%A Whitwell, Bradley
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Glozier, Nick
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Thoughts of death or suicidal ideation are common in young people aged 12 to 30 years presenting for mental health care.
%B BMC Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 1
%P 234
%@ 1471-244X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Norberg, Melissa M
%A Battisti, Robert A
%A Copeland, Jan
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Two Sides of the Same Coin: Cannabis Dependence and Mental Health Problems in Help-Seeking Adolescent and Young Adult Outpatients.
%B International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Springer New York LLC
%V 10
%N 6
%P 818-828
%@ 1557-1874
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Ellis, Louise A
%A Collin, Philippa
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Hurley, Patrick J
%A Burns, Jane M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Young men, mental health, and technology: implications for service design and delivery in the digital age.
%B Journal of Medical Internet Research
%D 2012
%C Canada
%I Journal of Medical Internet Research
%V 14
%N 6
%P e160
%@ 1438-8871
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Donkin, Liesje
%A Christensen, Helen
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Neal, Bruce
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Glozier, Nick
%T A Systematic Review of the Impact of Adherence on the Effectiveness of e-Therapies.
%B Journal of Medical Internet Research
%D 2011
%C Canada
%I Journal of Medical Internet Research
%V 13
%N 3
%P e52
%@ 1438-8871
%X As the popularity of e-therapies grows, so too has the body of literature supporting their effectiveness. However, these interventions are often plagued by high attrition rates and varying levels of user adherence. Understanding the role of adherence may be crucial to understanding how program usage influences the effectiveness of e-therapy interventions.
%Z FOR Codes: 1701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Dodd, Seetal
%A Malhi, Gin S
%A Tiller, John
%A Schweitzer, Isaac
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Khoo, Jon Paul
%A Bassett, Darryl L
%A Lyndon, Bill
%A Mitchell, Philip B
%A Parker, Gordon
%A Fitzgerald, Paul B
%A Udina, Marc
%A Singh, Ajeet
%A Moylan, Steven
%A Giorlando, Francesco
%A Doughty, Carolyn
%A Davey, Christopher G
%A Theodoros, Michael
%A Berk, Michael
%T A consensus statement for safety monitoring guidelines of treatments for major depressive disorder.
%B The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Sage Publications Ltd.
%V 45
%N 9
%P 712-725
%@ 1440-1614
%X This paper aims to present an overview of screening and safety considerations for the treatment of clinical depressive disorders and make recommendations for safety monitoring.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chitty, Kate M
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%T Alcohol use and mismatch negativity in young patients with psychotic disorder.
%B Neuroreport
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 22
%N 17
%P 918-22
%@ 0959-4965
%X Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a neurophysiological indicator of the brain''s ability to extract relevant information from an irrelevant background. MMN has been described as a reliable biomarker of schizophrenia and more recently it has found to be impaired in the early stages of psychosis. In addition, drugs (including alcohol) that block glutamate''s N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor have been shown to reduce MMN. This study aims to determine whether risky alcohol consumption in young patients with psychotic disorder further impacts or changes their MMN response. Patients with high-alcohol use were found to show reduced temporal MMN amplitudes compared with patients with low-alcohol use and controls. In contrast, early psychosis patients with low-alcohol use showed reduced fronto-central MMN amplitudes compared with controls; whereas patients with high-alcohol use showed an intermediate response at these sites. Correlational analysis revealed distinct patterns of association between MMN and alcohol use in patients with early psychosis compared with controls. This study shows that early psychosis outpatients who engaged in risky drinking have decreased temporal MMN amplitudes, compared with their peers. This may reflect an additive effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction and high-alcohol consumption.
%Z FOR Codes: 110399


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Antidepressants in elderly people.
%B BMJ
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 343
%N 
%P d4660
%@ 1468-5833
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Kenyon, Amanda R
%A Unkelbach, Christian
%A Alvares, Gail A
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Arginine Vasopressin selectively enhances recognition of sexual cues in male humans.
%B Psychoneuroendocrinology
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I Pergamon
%V 36
%N 2
%P 294-7
%@ 1873-3360
%X Arginine Vasopressin modulates complex social and sexual behavior by enhancing social recognition, pair bonding, and aggression in non-human mammals. The influence of Arginine Vasopressin in human social and sexual behavior is, however, yet to be fully understood. We evaluated whether Arginine Vasopressin nasal spray facilitated recognition of positive and negative social and sexual stimuli over non-social stimuli. We used a recognition task that has already been shown to be sensitive to the influence of Oxytocin nasal spray (Unkelbach et al., 2008). In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, between-subjects design, 41 healthy male volunteers were administered Arginine Vasopressin (20 IU) or a placebo nasal spray after a 45 min wait period and then completed the recognition task. Results showed that the participants administered Arginine Vasopressin nasal spray were faster to detect sexual words over other types of words. This effect appeared for both positively and negatively valenced words. Results demonstrate for the first time that Arginine Vasopressin selectively enhances human cognition for sexual stimuli, regardless of valence. They further extend animal and human genetic studies linking Arginine Vasopressin to sexual behavior in males. Findings suggest an important cognitive mechanism that could enhance sexual behaviors in humans.
%Z FOR Codes: 110999 170101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Rosenberg, Sebastian
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%T Australia's Better Access initiative: still awaiting serious evaluation?
%B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Sage Publications Ltd.
%V 45
%N 10
%P 814-823
%@ 1440-1614
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hamilton, Blake A
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Purcell, Susie
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Disability is already pronounced in young people with early stages of affective disorders: Data from an early intervention service.
%B Journal of affective disorders
%D 2011
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 131
%N 1-3
%P 84-91
%@ 0165-0327
%X Although there is growing recognition that disability emerges early in the course of psychotic disorders, it is unclear whether young people with early stages of anxiety or affective disorders are similarly affected. This study examined patient self-reported disability in young people attending a designated early intervention service.
%Z FOR Codes: 110903 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Diamond, Keri
%A Carter, Phoebe E
%A Norrie, Louisa M
%A Redoblado-Hodge, Marie Antoinette
%A Lewis, Simon J G
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Enhancing Memory in Late-Life Depression: The Effects of a Combined Psychoeducation and Cognitive Training Program.
%B The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 19
%N 3
%P 240-8
%@ 1545-7214
%X To evaluate the efficacy of a multifactorial cognitive training (CT) program for older people with a lifetime history of depressive disorder.
%Z FOR Codes: 110904


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Christensen, Helen
%A Batterham, Philip J
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A McGorry, Patrick D
%A Mitchell, Philip B
%A Kulkarni, Jayashri
%T Funding for mental health research: the gap remains.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 195
%N 11-12
%P 681-684
%@ 1326-5377
%X To examine the levels and growth rates of absolute funding to mental health research from 2001 to 2010, compared with other National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs), and the relative rate of mental health funding compared with other NHPAs, by taking disease burden into account. The quality of Australian research in mental health was also examined using objective indicators of research strength.
%Z FOR Codes: 111709 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chiang, Ming-Chang
%A McMahon, Katie L
%A de Zubicaray, Greig I
%A Martin, Nicholas G
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Toga, Arthur W
%A Wright, Margaret J
%A Thompson, Paul M
%T Genetics of white matter development: a DTI study of 705 twins and their siblings aged 12 to 29.
%B NeuroImage
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 54
%N 3
%P 2308-2317
%@ 1053-8119
%X White matter microstructure is under strong genetic control, yet it is largely unknown how genetic influences change from childhood into adulthood. In one of the largest brain mapping studies ever performed, we determined whether the genetic control over white matter architecture depends on age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and intelligence quotient (IQ). We assessed white matter integrity voxelwise using diffusion tensor imaging at high magnetic field (4-Tesla), in 705 twins and their siblings (age range 12-29; 290 M/415 F). White matter integrity was quantified using a widely accepted measure, fractional anisotropy (FA). We fitted gene-environment interaction models pointwise, to visualize brain regions where age, sex, SES and IQ modulate heritability of fiber integrity. We hypothesized that environmental factors would start to outweigh genetic factors during late childhood and adolescence. Genetic influences were greater in adolescence versus adulthood, and greater in males than in females. Socioeconomic status significantly interacted with genes that affect fiber integrity: heritability was higher in those with higher SES. In people with above-average IQ, genetic factors explained over 80% of the observed FA variability in the thalamus, genu, posterior internal capsule, and superior corona radiata. In those with below-average IQ, however, only around 40% FA variability in the same regions was attributable to genetic factors. Genes affect fiber integrity, but their effects vary with age, sex, SES and IQ. Gene-environment interactions are vital to consider in the search for specific genetic polymorphisms that affect brain integrity and connectivity.
%Z FOR Codes: 60412


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chudleigh, Catherine
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Blaszczynski, Alex
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Hodge, M Antoinette Redoblado
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T How does social functioning in the early stages of psychosis relate to depression and social anxiety?
%B Early intervention in psychiatry
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 5
%N 3
%P 224-32
%@ 1751-7893
%X The study aims to compare social functioning in young people considered to be at risk of psychosis with those meeting criteria for first episode psychosis (FEP) and controls, and to determine the association between social functioning and positive and negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 170113


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rong, Ye
%A Glozier, Nick
%A Luscombe, Georgina M
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Huang, Yueqin
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Improving Knowledge and Attitudes towards Depression: a controlled trial among Chinese medical students.
%B BMC Psychiatry
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 36
%@ 1471-244X
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cockayne, Nicole L
%A Glozier, Nick
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Christensen, Helen
%A Neal, Bruce
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Internet-based treatment for older adults with depression and co-morbid cardiovascular disease: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.
%B BMC Psychiatry
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 10
%@ 1471-244X
%X Depression, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cognitive impairment are important causes of disability and poor health outcomes. In combination they lead to an even worse prognosis. Internet or web-based interventions have been shown to deliver efficacious psychological intervention programs for depression on a large scale, yet no published studies have evaluated their impact among patients with co-existing physical conditions. The aims of this randomised controlled trial are to determine the effects of an evidence-based internet intervention program for depression on depressive mood symptoms, cognitive function and treatment adherence in patients at risk of CVD.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Werry, Eryn L
%A Liu, Guo Jun
%A Lovelace, Michael D
%A Nagarajah, Rajini
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Bennett, Max R
%T Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Interleukin-10 Release From Neonatal Spinal Cord Microglia is Potentiated by Glutamate.
%B Neuroscience
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom, France
%I Pergamon
%V 175
%N 
%P 93-103
%@ 0306-4522
%X Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with important endogenous and therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects. Given this, it is of interest to investigate factors that modulate IL-10 levels in the central nervous system. IL-10 is released after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of microglia. Microglia also express functional glutamate receptors and in inflammatory conditions are exposed to increased levels of glutamate. The aim of this research, then, is to investigate whether glutamate can modulate lipopolysaccharide stimulation of IL-10 release from neonatal rat spinal cord microglia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to quantify IL-10 release from cultured neonatal spinal cord microglia and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure IL-10 mRNA expression. Glutamate (1 mM) significantly increased LPS (1 ??g/ml)-stimulated IL-10 release from microglia by 172% (EC(50) of 103 ??M) and significantly upregulated IL-10 mRNA levels. Glutamate potentiated LPS-stimulated IL-10 release by binding all subtypes of glutamate receptor. These results show that glutamate substantially increases the release of an anti-inflammatory cytokine from neonatal spinal cord microglia activated by a high concentration of LPS.
%Z FOR Codes: 1109


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Battisti, Robert A
%A Ward, Philip B
%A Ahmed, Arnab
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%T MMN/P3a deficits in first episode psychosis: Comparing schizophrenia-spectrum and affective-spectrum subgroups.
%B Schizophrenia Research
%D 2011
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 130
%N 1-3
%P 203-209
%@ 0920-9964
%X Reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a amplitudes are neurophysiological biomarkers for schizophrenia that index deviance detection and the orienting response, respectively. First-episode psychosis (FEP) patients show reduced amplitudes of the ''MMN/P3a complex'', but it is unclear whether this occurs across the FEP spectrum.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110319 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Redoblado Hodge, M Antoinette
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Scott, Elizabeth
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Neuropsychological Clustering Highlights Cognitive Differences In Young People Presenting With Depressive Symptoms.
%B Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 17
%N 2
%P 267-76
%@ 1469-7661
%X Early stages of affective or psychotic disorders may be accompanied by neuropsychological changes that help to predict risk of developing more severe disorders. A comprehensive set of neuropsychological measures was collected in 109 help-seeking young people (16 to 30 years; 54 females), recently diagnosed with an affective or psychotic disorder and presenting with current depression. Hierarchical cluster analysis determined three clusters: one deemed to have a "poor memory" profile (n = 40); another with a "poor mental flexibility" profile (n = 38) and a third with widespread difficulties plus "impaired attention and memory" (n = 31). In general, the three clusters were comparable in demographic, functional and clinical factors suggesting some unique role for neurocognitive impairments. A discriminant function analysis confirmed that the clusters were best characterized by performance in "attentional" versus "learning/memory" measures. Furthermore, profiles of independent neuropsychological variables validated the original solution for two of the clusters, distinguishing all cluster-groups on an attentional measure. The findings of this study suggest that despite presenting with very similar levels of current depressive symptomatology, young help-seeking individuals in the early stages of illness have underlying neuropsychological heterogeneity. Distinct neuropsychological profiling may help to predict later psychiatric outcomes and enhance individually-tailored early intervention strategies.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Christensen, Helen
%A Aiken, Alexandra
%A Batterham, Philip J
%A Walker, Janine
%A Mackinnon, Andrew J
%A Fenech, Michael
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T No clear potentiation of antidepressant medication effects by folic acid+vitamin B12 in a large community sample.
%B Journal of Affective Disorders
%D 2011
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 130
%N 1-2
%P 37-45
%@ 0165-0327
%X Observational studies link low folate levels to depressive symptoms and to poor antidepressant medication response. Evidence supports a role for folate in potentiating the effect of antidepressant medications.
%Z FOR Codes: 110101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Rogers, Naomi L
%T Novel melatonin-based therapies: potential advances in the treatment of major depression.
%B Lancet
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I The Lancet Publishing Group
%V 378
%N 9791
%P 621-31
%@ 0140-6736
%X Major depression is one of the leading causes of premature death and disability. Although available drugs are effective, they also have substantial limitations. Recent advances in our understanding of the fundamental links between chronobiology and major mood disorders, as well as the development of new drugs that target the circadian system, have led to a renewed focus on this area. In this review, we summarise the associations between disrupted chronobiology and major depression and outline new antidepressant treatment strategies that target the circadian system. In particular, we highlight agomelatine, a melatonin-receptor agonist and selective serotonergic receptor subtype (ie, 5-HT(2C)) antagonist that has chronobiotic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic effects. In the short-term, agomelatine has similar antidepressant efficacy to venlafaxine, fluoxetine, and sertraline and, in the longer term, fewer patients on agomelatine relapse (23??9%) than do those receiving placebo (50??0%). Patients with depression treated with agomelatine report improved sleep quality and reduced waking after sleep onset. As agomelatine does not raise serotonin levels, it has less potential for the common gastrointestinal, sexual, or metabolic side-effects that characterise many other antidepressant compounds.
%Z FOR Codes: 110999 110319 111502


%0 Journal Article
%A Naismith, Sharon
%A Rogers, Naomi
%A Lewis, Simon
%A Diamond, Kerrie
%A Terpening, Z
%A Norrie, Louisa
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Sleep disturbance in mild cognitive impairment: Differential effects of current and remitted depression
%B Acta Neuropsychiatrica
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 23
%N 4
%P 167-172
%@ 1601-5215
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110999


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Rogers, Naomi L
%A Lewis, Simon J G
%A Terpening, Zoë
%A Ip, Tony
%A Diamond, Keri
%A Norrie, Louisa
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Sleep disturbance relates to neuropsychological functioning in late-life depression.
%B Journal of affective disorders
%D 2011
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 132
%N 1-2
%P 139-45
%@ 0165-0327
%X Sleep-wake disturbance in older people is a risk factor for depression onset and recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine if objective sleep-wake disturbance in late-life depression relates to neuropsychological functioning.
%Z FOR Codes: 110903 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Paradise, Matt B
%A Glozier, Nick S
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Subjective memory complaints, vascular risk factors and psychological distress in the middle-aged: a cross-sectional study.
%B BMC Psychiatry
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 108
%@ 1471-244X
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 1701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rosenberg, Sebastian
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Were the budgetary reforms to the Better Access to Mental Health Care initiative appropriate? - No.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 194
%N 11
%P 595
%@ 1326-5377
%X Mental health policy expert Sebastian Rosenberg and psychiatrist Ian Hickie want more change.
%Z FOR Codes: 1701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Youth mental health: we know where we are and we can now say where we need to go next.
%B Early Intervention in Psychiatry
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 5 Suppl 1
%N 
%P 63-96
%@ 1751-7893
%X To provide an overview of the state of knowledge relevant to the development of youth-specific mental health initiatives.
%Z FOR Codes: 1701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Alvares, Gail A
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Guastella, Adam J
%T Acute effects of intranasal oxytocin on subjective and behavioral responses to social rejection.
%B Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
%D 2010
%C United States
%I American Psychological Association
%V 18
%N 4
%P 316-321
%@ 1936-2293
%X The hormone and neuropeptide oxytocin is believed to buffer against social stress and reduce social-threat perception. We employed a widely used ostracism paradigm, Cyberball, to investigate whether oxytocin ameliorated the acute behavioral and affective consequences of social rejection. In a double-blind, randomized, between-subjects design, 74 healthy male and female participants were administered intranasal oxytocin or placebo and subsequently ostracized or included during this virtual ball-tossing game. Ostracized participants reported negative affective and attachment-related reactions, as well as a significant motivational change in increased desire to be involved in the game; these effects were not influenced by oxytocin. Intranasal oxytocin did, however, increase included participants'' desire to play again with the same participants, suggesting oxytocin enhanced desire for future social engagement following inclusion. These findings are argued to provide evidence that the effects of oxytocin in promoting social approach behavior may be context specific and sensitive to positive social cues. The results suggest that in an explicitly aversive context, oxytocin does not buffer against the immediate impact of blunt social rejection.
%Z FOR Codes: 110999 170101 170101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Norrie, Louisa M
%A Diamond, Keri
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Rogers, Naomi L
%A Fearns, Samantha
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%T Can older "at risk" adults benefit from psychoeducation targeting healthy brain aging?
%B International psychogeriatrics / IPA
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 23
%N 
%P 413-24
%@ 1741-203X
%X Multifactorial strategies that prevent or delay the onset or progress of cognitive decline and dementia are needed, and should include education regarding recognized risk factors. The current study sought to investigate whether older adults "at risk" of cognitive decline benefit from psychoeducation targeting healthy brain aging.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Redoblado-Hodge, M Antoinette
%A Lewis, Simon J G
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Cognitive training in affective disorders improves memory: A preliminary study using the NEAR approach.
%B Journal of Affective Disorders
%D 2010
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 121
%N 3
%P 258-262
%@ 0165-0327
%X Neuropsychological deficits in depression include difficulties with psychomotor speed, executive functions and memory. Some of these changes persist despite antidepressant treatment. While research in other areas of psychiatry has shown cognitive training techniques to be effective, only one study has evaluated this approach in depression.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 170101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Deserved national recognition for an international clinical scientist.
%B Early Intervention in Psychiatry
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 4
%N 2
%P 105-107
%@ 1751-7893
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 170199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gregory-Roberts, Emily M
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Cullen, Karen M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Electroconvulsive therapy-induced persistent retrograde amnesia: Could it be minimised by ketamine or other pharmacological approaches?
%B Journal of affective disorders
%D 2010
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 126
%N 1-2
%P 39-45
%@ 0165-0327
%X Certain pharmacological agents administered during electroconvulsive therapy may have the potential to prevent persistent retrograde amnesia induced during electroconvulsive therapy. This review examines mechanisms for electroconvulsive therapy-induced retrograde amnesia, and evaluates the suitability of the anaesthetic ketamine for preventing this amnestic outcome.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101 110903 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Medlow, Sharon
%A Kelk, Norm
%A Cohen, Anjalee
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Facilitating early intervention: experiences of young people and implications for the shaping of headspace services.
%B Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Aust
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 18
%N 4
%P 335-9
%@ 1440-1665
%X The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the factors that facilitate entry of young people into the Australian mental health care system with a view to developing headspace service delivery in youth-friendly directions.
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Lagopoulos, Jim
%A Ward, Philip B
%A Davey, Christopher G
%A Little, Craig
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Fronto-striatal correlates of impaired implicit sequence learning in major depression: An fMRI study.
%B Journal of affective disorders
%D 2010
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 125
%N 1-3
%P 256-61
%@ 0165-0327
%X Neural network models of major depression (MD) suggest that the striatum is involved in the pathophysiology and is linked to key cognitive and clinical features. However, functional imaging studies have largely assessed the prefrontal cortex and have utilised emotional paradigms. This study sought to probe the integrity of fronto-striatal circuits using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with a theoretically-driven motor sequencing implicit learning (IL) task.
%Z FOR Codes: 110999


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A McGorry, Patrick D
%T Guidelines for youth depression: time to incorporate new perspectives.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 193
%N 3
%P 133-134
%@ 0025-729X
%X New guidelines are timely but miss an opportunity to emphasise early intervention for all young people.
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rosenberg, Sebastian
%A Hickie, Ian
%T How to tackle a giant: creating a genuine evaluation of the Better Access Program.
%B Australasian Psychiatry
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Aus
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 18
%N 6
%P 496-502
%@ 1440-1665
%X Objective: This paper proposes a framework for a systematic evaluation of the Better Access Program, the largest single component of mental health reform announced under the Council of Australian Governments National Action Plan on Mental Health 2006-11. Method: The article explores the genesis of the Program and considers extant data sets and information available with which to establish the impact of the Program on consumers and service providers. Results: There are useful data available in Australia from which to derive pre- and post-implementation analysis about the impact of the Better Access Program. There is doubt as to whether these data form part of the Federal Government''s current approach to evaluation of the Program. Conclusions: Anything less than a genuine and comprehensive evaluation will leave Australia unable to assess the real impact of the Better Access Program. The merit of further expenditure in the vital area of primary mental health care will be in doubt as a consequence.
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Ward, Philip B
%A Hodge, M Antoinette Redoblado
%A Kaur, Manreena
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Impaired MMN/P3a complex in first-episode psychosis: Cognitive and psychosocial associations.
%B Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
%D 2010
%C United States, Canad
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 34
%N 6
%P 822-9
%@ 1878-4216
%X Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a neurophysiological indicator of the brain''s ability to extract relevant information from an irrelevant background. The P3a orienting response often accompanies MMN in deviance detection paradigms. Both MMN and P3a have been described as reliable biomarkers of schizophrenia. MMN/P3a impairments are associated with deficits in verbal memory and attentional switching, reflecting dysfunctions in the temporal and frontal systems, respectively. It remains unresolved whether MMN/P3a are robust biomarkers of psychosis in first-episode patients. Thirty-four young people (18 to 30years) were assessed in this study; 17 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients were compared to 17 healthy controls. To elicit MMN/P3a, a two-tone passive auditory oddball paradigm with 8% duration deviants was used; event-related potentials were recorded at frontal, central and temporal (mastoid) sites. Neuropsychological assessments included processing speed, attentional switching, simple attention, and verbal learning and memory. Social functioning and quality of life measures were also obtained. The FEP group showed significantly reduced MMN amplitudes compared to controls. The FEP group also showed significantly reduced P3a amplitudes at frontal and central sites compared with controls. As expected, the FEP group also showed significant deficits in attention and verbal learning/memory. Correlational analyses found strong associations between fronto-central MMN/P3a peak amplitude and cognitive/psychosocial functioning. This study provides evidence of early neurobiological markers in young people with FEP. These findings suggest that MMN/P3a impairments are present at early stages of psychosis and that fundamental pre-attentive/deviance detection deficits may mark the beginning of progressive underlying changes with illness onset. Such deficits in FEP appear to have important links with higher-order cognitive and psychosocial functioning.
%Z FOR Codes: 1109 1701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Redoblado Hodge, M Antoinette
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Impaired verbal memory in young adults with unipolar and bipolar depression.
%B Early Intervention in Psychiatry
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 4
%N 3
%P 227-233
%@ 1751-7893
%X Aim: Early stages of severe mood disorders may be accompanied by neurocognitive changes. Specifically, deficits in verbal memory have been linked to depression in young people. This study examined whether young adults with unipolar compared with bipolar depression showed similar neurocognitive deficits. Methods: A total of 57 young adults (16-32 years) were assessed in this study. Twenty with unipolar and 20 with bipolar depression, all currently depressed, were compared with 17 healthy controls. Neuropsychological assessment included psychomotor speed, attention for routine mental operations, attentional switching, executive control and verbal learning and memory. Results: Both unipolar and bipolar subjects showed significant impairments in verbal memory and attentional switching compared with controls. Both mood disorder groups showed no impairments in psychomotor speed, attention for routine mental operations and executive control. Effects size calculations show that the unipolar and bipolar groups do not differ from each other across a range of neurocognitive measures. Conclusion: Neurocognitive deficits in young adults with current depressive syndromes appear to differ from those typically seen in older patients. In early adulthood, both unipolar and bipolar depression may be distinguished by poor verbal memory, despite intact speed of processing, attention and executive functions. This study suggests that there is utility in neuropsychological testing for young adults in the early stages of severe mood disorders. In order to prevent neurobiological changes inherent to the disease, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that target verbal memory deficits may be optimally delivered early in the disease course.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Kenyon, Amanda R
%A Alvares, Gail A
%A Carson, Dean S
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Intranasal Arginine Vasopressin Enhances the Encoding of Happy and Angry Faces in Humans.
%B Biological psychiatry
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 67
%N 12
%P 1220-2
%@ 1873-2402
%X Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has a complex but crucial role in social behavior. In nonhuman mammals it facilitates social recognition and bonding while also promoting defensive, aggressive, and territorial behaviors. There has been little research in humans exploring its effect on social cognition, including the encoding of social memories.
%Z FOR Codes: 110999 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Einfeld, Stewart L
%A Gray, Kylie M
%A Rinehart, Nicole J
%A Tonge, Bruce J
%A Lambert, Timothy J
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Intranasal Oxytocin Improves Emotion Recognition for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
%B Biological psychiatry
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 67
%N 7
%P 692-4
%@ 1873-2402
%X A diagnostic hallmark of autism spectrum disorders is a qualitative impairment in social communication and interaction. Deficits in the ability to recognize the emotions of others are believed to contribute to this. There is currently no effective treatment for these problems.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Walker, Janine G
%A Mackinnon, Andrew J
%A Batterham, Philip
%A Jorm, Anthony F
%A Hickie, Ian
%A McCarthy, Affrica
%A Fenech, Michael
%A Christensen, Helen
%T Mental health literacy, folic acid and vitamin B12, and physical activity for the prevention of depression in older adults: randomised controlled trial.
%B British Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Royal College of Psychiatrists
%V 197
%N 1
%P 45-54
%@ 1472-1465
%X BACKGROUND: Few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have examined potential preventive agents in high-risk community populations. AIMS: To determine whether a mental health literacy intervention, the promotion of physical activity, or folic acid plus vitamin B(12) reduce depression symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with elevated psychological distress. METHOD: An RCT with a completely crossed 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design: (400 mcg/d folic acid + 100 mcg/d vitamin B(12) v. placebo)x(physical activity v. nutrition promotion control)x(mental health literacy v. pain information control). The initial target sample size was 2000; however, only 909 adults (60-74 years) met the study criteria. Interventions were delivered by mail with telephone calls. The main outcome was depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 6 weeks, 6, 12 and 24 months. The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number is NCT00214682. RESULTS: The drop-out rate was low (13.5%) from randomisation to 24-month assessment. Neither folic acid + B(12) (F(3,856) = 0.83, P = 0.476) nor physical activity (F(3,856) = 1.65, P = 0.177) reduced depressive symptoms at any time point. At 6 weeks, depressive symptoms were lower for the mental health literacy intervention compared with its control condition (t(895) = 2.04, P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Mental health literacy had a transient effect on depressive symptoms. Other than this, none of the interventions significantly reduced symptoms relative to their comparator at 6 weeks or subsequently. Neither folic acid plus B(12) nor physical activity were effective in reducing depressive symptoms.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Luscombe, Georgina M
%A Moore, Michael
%A Griffiths, Kathleen M
%A Christensen, Helen
%T Practitioner-supported delivery of internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy: evaluation of the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomised trial.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 192
%N 11 Suppl
%P S31-S35
%@ 0025-729X
%X OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomised trial in Australia of the effectiveness of general practitioner-supported delivery of internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and enhanced psychological care. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cluster randomised trial involving patients attending general practices in Australia. Participating practices were randomly allocated to interventions. The study was conducted between January 2004 and January 2007. INTERVENTIONS: Enhanced GP care was delivered by doctors who had completed specific mental health training; the experimental condition consisted of enhanced GP care plus MoodGYM, an internet-based CBT intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic and behavioural characteristics of patients, and demographic and practice characteristics of GPs; time to resolution of psychological symptoms for patients involved in the longitudinal phase of the trial. RESULTS: 1571 patients attending 90 GPs from 84 general practices were identified as potentially suitable for recruitment. These patients had a mean age of 35 years, 76% were female, 84% had access to the internet for personal use, and 22% reported high or very high levels of psychological distress on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. The 90 GPs had a mean age of 49 years, 53% were female and 25% had completed formal mental health training. Of the 1571 screened patients, 340 reported high levels of psychological distress, but only 140 of these could be further assessed for eligibility in the trial. Of these 140, 83 patients with depression (attending 10 GPs in eight general practices) proceeded to randomisation. For these patients, the experimental intervention (enhanced GP care plus MoodGYM) tended to result in prompt and more sustained resolution of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our capacity to conduct a definitive trial was limited by available resources. Preliminary data suggest that primary care patients with depression may derive additional benefits from an internet-based CBT program delivered in conjunction with enhanced psychological care from GPs.
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Christensen, Helen
%A Guastella, Adam J
%A Mackinnon, Andrew J
%A Griffiths, Kathleen M
%A Eagleson, Claire
%A Batterham, Philip J
%A Kalia, Kanupriya
%A Kenardy, Justin
%A Bennett, Kylie
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of an online e-health application compared to attention placebo or sertraline in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder.
%B Trials
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 48
%@ 1745-6215
%X BACKGROUND: Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a high prevalence, chronic psychiatric disorder which commonly presents early in the lifespan. Internet e-health applications have been found to be successful in reducing symptoms of anxiety and stress for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, social phobia and depression. However, to date, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of e-health applications in adult GAD. There are no studies which have directly compared e-health applications with recognised evidence-based medication. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a web-based program for treating GAD relative to sertraline and attention placebo. METHODS/DESIGN: 120 community-dwelling participants, aged 18-30 years with a clinical diagnosis of GAD will be recruited from the Australian Electoral Roll. They will be randomly allocated to one of three conditions: (i) an online treatment program for GAD, E-couch (ii) pharmacological treatment with a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), sertraline (a fixed-flexible dose of 25-100 mg/day) or (iii) an attention control placebo, HealthWatch. The treatment program will be completed over a 10 week period with a 12 month follow-up. DISCUSSION: As of February 2010, there were no registered trials evaluating the effectiveness of an e-health application for GAD for young adults. Similarly to date, this will be the first trial to compare an e-health intervention with a pharmacological treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN76298775.
%Z FOR Codes: 110999


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Henson, Connie
%A Chapman, Simon
%A McLeod, Lachlan
%A Johnson, Natalie
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Room for improvement: mixed portrayal of young people with mental illness on Australian television news.
%B The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Aust
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 44
%N 3
%P 267-272
%@ 1440-1614
%X OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to review television news depiction of mental illness in children and adolescents to test the hypothesis that positive portrayals of adults with mental illness also apply to young people. METHODS: Content and frame analysis of first-person depictions and overall news angle was carried out to determine whether depictions were positive, neutral or negative. RESULTS: The media portrayal of young people with mental illnesses was mixed. Overall, 10 items (29%) of news angles were positive, 13 items (37%) neutral and nine items (26%) negative. Positive themes were significantly less frequent for young people compared to adults (10 items, 29% compared to 151 items, 66%), and negative themes were more frequent (nine items, 26% vs 21 items, 9%). First-person depictions, however, were similar for young people and adults (24 items, 69% vs 150 items, 66%). An anti-medication sub-theme was notable. CONCLUSIONS: Overall the portrayal of young people with mental illnesses on television news is not as positive as that for adults. Similar to adults, however, first-person depictions resulted in a more positive representation of young people. Fewer first-person depictions in combination with an anti-medication theme and historically less access to appropriate services for young people may have contributed to the less positive results for young people with mental illnesses.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Glozier, Nicholas
%A Martiniuk, Alexandra
%A Patton, George
%A Ivers, Rebecca
%A Li, Qiang
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Senserrick, Teresa
%A Woodward, Mark
%A Norton, Robyn
%A Stevenson, Mark
%T Short sleep duration in prevalent and persistent psychological distress in young adults: the DRIVE study.
%B Sleep
%D 2010
%C United States
%I The American Academy of Sleep Medicine
%V 33
%N 9
%P 1139-1145
%@ 0161-8105
%X OBJECTIVES: Young people are sleeping less. Short sleep duration has a range of negative consequences including a hypothesized link with psychological distress, which has yet to be studied DESIGN: Prospective cohort study SETTING: Community-based sample from Australia PARTICIPANTS: Twenty thousand (20,822) young adults (aged 17-24) identified through the state vehicle licensing authority. A random sample (n = 5000) was approached for follow-up 12-18 months later, with 2837 providing full data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Psychological distress, determined by a Kessler 10 score > 21, at baseline; and as both onset and persistence of distress at follow-up. RESULTS: Shorter sleep duration was linearly associated with prevalent psychological distress: relative risk (RR) 1.14 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.15). Only the very short (< 5 h) sleepers among those not distressed at baseline had an increased risk for onset of psychological distress (RR 3.25 [95% CI 1.84, 5.75]). Of 945 cohort participants reporting psychological distress at baseline, 419 (44%) were distressed at follow-up. Each hour less of sleep increased the risk of psychological distress persisting after adjustment for potential confounding variables: RR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.10). Long sleep duration showed no association with distress at any time point. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported shorter sleep duration is linearly associated with prevalent and persistent psychological distress in young adults. In contrast, only the very short sleepers had a raised risk of new onset of distress. Different approaches to sleep duration measurement yield different results and should guide any interventions to improve subjective sleep duration in young adults.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Rogers, Naomi L
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Mackenzie, Jennifer
%A Norrie, Louisa M
%A Lewis, Simon J G
%T Sleep Well, Think Well: Sleep-Wake Disturbance in Mild Cognitive Impairment.
%B Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology
%D 2010
%C United States, Canad
%I Sage Publications, Inc.
%V 23
%N 2
%P 123-30
%@ 0891-9887
%X While literature suggests that sleep is important for cognition and mood, and that sleep disturbance is a prominent feature of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, these relationships have not yet been examined in older people ''''at risk" of dementia. In this study, 15 older people with the nonamnestic subtype of mild cognitive impairment ([MCI] mean age = 66.7 years, SD = 8.7) underwent psychiatric and neuropsychological assessment. Participants completed sleep diaries, questionnaires, and 2 weeks of actigraphy. Key outcome data during the rest interval were time spent ''''awake" or wake after sleep onset (WASO) and the number of arousals/wake bouts. Results showed that even after controlling for age, greater WASO was associated with reduced attention and executive functioning and increased arousals were related to poorer nonverbal learning and problem solving. This preliminary data suggests that sleep-wake disturbance in nonamnestic forms of MCI is related to cognitive functioning and may be indicative of shared neurobiological underpinnings.
%Z FOR Codes: 110903 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T The 2010 Rudd plan: will it actually deliver better health services?
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 192
%N 9
%P 511-512
%@ 0025-729X
%X There is no certainty that the new finance arrangements will reduce inequalities in access to care.
%Z FOR Codes: 111709


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Rogers, Naomi L
%A Mackenzie, Jennifer
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Lewis, Simon J G
%T The relationship between actigraphically defined sleep disturbance and REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson's Disease.
%B Clinical neurology and neurosurgery
%D 2010
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 112
%N 5
%P 420-3
%@ 1872-6968
%X In this study, we sought to evaluate the utility of actigraphy for examining symptoms of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RSBD).
%Z FOR Codes: 110903 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Lewis, Simon J G
%T The role of mild depression in sleep disturbance and quality of life in Parkinson's disease.
%B The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
%D 2010
%C United States
%I American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
%V 22
%N 4
%P 384-389
%@ 1545-7222
%X This study examined depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, and quality of life in 35 patients with Parkinson''s disease. Results showed that nocturnal sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, and motor disease severity accounted for over two-thirds of the variance in quality of life scores. Depression was the largest predictor of quality of life, uniquely explaining 21% of the variance. Nocturnal sleep disturbance was associated with depressive symptoms as well as with daytime sleepiness. Overall, these data highlight the need to screen patients for even mild levels of depression because its relationship with sleep and quality of life are evident early in the disease course.
%Z FOR Codes: 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T "Not in your lifetime, Ian!".
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 191
%N 11-12
%P 638-642
%@ 0025-729X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A McGorry, Patrick D
%A Yung, Alison R
%A Pantelis, Christos
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T A clinical trials agenda for testing interventions in earlier stages of psychotic disorders.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 190
%N 4 Suppl
%P S33-S36
%@ 0025-729X
%X A fundamental shift in the design of clinical trials for psychotic disorders is desirable and feasible. Priority should be placed on evaluation of the efficacy of interventions targeting different phases of illness. A range of traditional therapeutic approaches needs to be augmented by an increased emphasis on the potential benefits of informational, e-health, behavioural and neuroprotective strategies. A new national clinical trials platform, based on headspace, the National Youth Mental Health Foundation, is outlined. It provides the opportunity for conducting large multisite clinical trials in young people with emerging major mental disorders.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Book Section
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Walter, Garry
%T Adolescent mental health & substance misuse: The major health challenge for young Australians
%B Challenges in Adolescent Health: An Australian Perspective
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Nova Science Publishers
%V 
%N 
%P 39-48
%@ 9781607416166
%E Bennett, David
%E Towns, Susan
%E Elliott, Elizabeth
%E Nerrick, Joav
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hermens, Daniel F
%A Lubman, Dan I
%A Ward, Philip B
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Amphetamine psychosis: a model for studying the onset and course of psychosis.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 190
%N 4 Suppl
%P S22-S25
%@ 1326-5377
%X The aetiology of schizophrenia remains complex, although proposed models have identified genetic markers and environmental pathogens as important risk factors. Researchers have found no large-effect or unique genetic elements, and only a small number of putative environmental agents have been identified. Use of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) is an exemplar environmental pathogen, as it is known to trigger schizophrenia-like illness and other psychotic and manic episodes. To date, the ATS model of illness onset has been under-utilised. It has the potential to reveal key neurobiological elements of schizophrenia and related psychoses. The model proposed here has the capacity to inform detection of those at risk of ATS-related psychoses, and therefore help develop early intervention strategies. It is possible that the same approach may be used in young people known to be at risk of schizophrenia and related disorders, by informing models that involve other environmental or genetic risks.
%Z FOR Codes: 170101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Davenport, Tracey
%A Vernon, Suzanne D
%A Nisenbaum, Rosane
%A Reeves, William C
%A Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan
%A Lloyd, Andrew
%A , International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group
%T Are chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome valid clinical entities across countries and health-care settings?
%B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 43
%N 1
%P 25-35
%@ 1440-1614
%X OBJECTIVE: The validity of the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome and related chronic fatigue states remains controversial, particularly in psychiatry. This project utilized international epidemiological and clinical research data to test construct validity across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and countries. Relevant demographic, symptom and diagnostic data were obtained from 33 studies in 21 countries. The subjects had fatigue lasting 1-6 months (prolonged fatigue), or >6 months (chronic fatigue), or met diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. METHOD: Common symptom domains were derived by factor analytic techniques. Mean scores on each symptom factor were compared across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and countries. RESULTS: Data were obtained on 37,724 subjects (n = 20,845 female, 57%), including from population-based studies (n = 15,749, 42%), studies in primary care (n = 19 472, 52%), and secondary or specialist tertiary referral clinics (n = 2503, 7%). The sample included 2013 subjects with chronic fatigue, and 1958 with chronic fatigue syndrome. A five-factor model of the key symptom domains was preferred (''musculoskeletal pain/fatigue'', ''neurocognitive difficulties'', ''inflammation'', ''sleep disturbance/fatigue'' and ''mood disturbance'') and was comparable across subject groups and settings. Although the core symptom profiles were similar, some differences in symptoms were observed across diagnostic categories, health-care settings and between countries. CONCLUSIONS: The construct validity of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome is supported by an empirically derived factor structure from existing international datasets.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Banati, Richard
%A Stewart, Catherine H
%A Lloyd, Andrew R
%T Are common childhood or adolescent infections risk factors for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders?
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 190
%N 4 Suppl
%P S17-S21
%@ 0025-729X
%X Postnatal infection may represent a preventable risk factor for onset of psychotic disorders in adolescence and early adulthood. The mechanism of action is likely to involve site-directed triggering of the brain''s innate immune system, mediated principally through localised activation of microglial cells. This triggering may occur in response to systemic inflammatory stimuli, without direct involvement of the central nervous system. Microglial activation can represent a primary response or a secondary phenomenon at sites made vulnerable by prior injury; that is, areas containing previously activated microglia will respond more strongly to a new stimulus. The presence of activated microglia is indicative of a recent insult or active disease. It is not characteristic of long-established neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Activated microglia, acting through a variety of cytokine and other signal systems, have the capacity to significantly interfere with synaptic turnover and thus, over time, alter synaptic architecture and function. This pathophysiological path should be investigated more systematically as it may explain a novel "neuroprotective" mode of action for some existing antipsychotic compounds.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A McGorry, Patrick D
%T Characterising novel pathways to schizophrenia.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 190
%N 4 Suppl
%P S5-S6
%@ 0025-729X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Clover, K.
%A Carter, G. L.
%A Adams, C.
%A Hickie, I.
%A Davenport, T.
%T Concurrent validity of the PSYCH-6, a very short scale for detecting anxiety and depression, among oncology outpatients
%B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Aust
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 43
%N 7
%P 682-688
%@ 0004-8674
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111299


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Scott, Elizabeth
%A Naismith, Sharon
%A Whitwell, Bradley
%A Hamilton, Blake
%A Chudleigh, Catherine
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Delivering youth-specific mental health services: the advantages of a collaborative, multi-disciplinary system.
%B Australasian Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Aust
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 17
%N 3
%P 189-194
%@ 1440-1665
%X OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that quality mental health care is based on well-integrated multi-disciplinary care provided by a range of mental health, substance use, and general healthcare clinicians. There is a growing focus in Australia on providing this type of mental health care to young people, particularly those in the early stages of a major disorder. The development of such services has proceeded on the basis of limited service-based data and has also been impeded by current healthcare funding structures. METHODS: This report outlines the service characteristics of three models: a traditional ''fee for service'' model, a specialized youth mental health clinic, and a new headspace multi-disciplinary site in South Western Sydney. RESULTS: Naturalistic data from these three services collected during their developmental phase indicate that each model is associated with differential demographic, illness and service organization characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ''fee-for-service'' type care, specialized youth models provide greater access to a broad range of multi-disciplinary clinicians.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 1701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Norrie, Louisa
%A Lewis, Simon J
%A Rogers, Naomi L
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Does sleep disturbance mediate neuropsychological functioning in older people with depression?
%B Journal of Affective Disorders
%D 2009
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 116
%N 1-2
%P 139-143
%@ 0165-0327
%X BACKGROUND: Depression in older adults is associated with neuropsychological dysfunction, fronto-subcortical brain changes and sleep disturbance. Research suggests that adequate sleep is critical for many aspects of cognition including processing speed, verbal skills and memory. However, the association between sleep disturbance and neuropsychological functioning in depression has not been well evaluated. The current study therefore aimed to investigate these relationships. METHODS: Forty-eight people (mean age=59.6, sd=8.2) meeting DSM-IV criteria for unipolar major depression were included for analysis. Neuropsychological assessment included assessment of processing speed, learning and memory, verbal fluency and executive functions. Early and late insomnia were defined by scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS: While early insomnia was related to depression severity and poorer global cognition, late insomnia was associated with later age of depression onset, depression severity, and poorer scores on tests of verbal fluency and memory. The associations between cognition and late insomnia were not accounted for by depression severity or age of onset of disorder. LIMITATIONS: This study was retrospective in nature, and did not include objective measures of sleep. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first known study to indicate that late insomnia in older people with major depression may be independently and aetiologically linked to neuropsychological performance, particularly verbal fluency and memory. It may also indicate underlying structural and neurochemical changes. Sleep and circadian disturbance may serve as a biomarker for ongoing cognitive decline and may be a potentially modifiable risk factor.
%Z FOR Codes: 1109


%0 Journal Article
%A Naismith, S
%A Glozier, Nicholas
%A Burke, D
%A Carter, P
%A Scott, E
%A Hickie, I
%T Early intervention in cognitive decline: Is there a role for multiple medical or behavioural interventions?
%B Early Intervention in Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 3
%N 1
%P 19-27
%@ 1751-7885
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A McGorry, Patrick D
%A Nelson, Barnaby
%A Amminger, G Paul
%A Bechdolf, Andreas
%A Francey, Shona M
%A Berger, Gregor
%A Riecher-Rössler, Anita
%A Klosterkötter, Joachim
%A Ruhrmann, Stephan
%A Schultze-Lutter, Frauke
%A Nordentoft, Merete
%A Hickie, Ian
%A McGuire, Philip
%A Berk, Michael
%A Chen, Eric Y H
%A Keshavan, Matcheri S
%A Yung, Alison R
%T Intervention in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a review and future directions.
%B The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
%V 70
%N 9
%P 1206-1212
%@ 1555-2101
%X OBJECTIVE: Over the last 15 years, a focus on early intervention in psychotic disorders has emerged. Initially, the early psychosis movement focused on timely recognition and phase-specific treatment of first-episode psychosis. However, early psychosis researchers suspected that pushing the point of intervention even further back to the prodromal phase of psychotic disorders may result in even better outcomes. This article reviews intervention research in the ultra-high-risk phase of psychotic disorders. DATA SOURCES: A literature search of intervention trials with ultra-high-risk cohorts published after 1980 was conducted on PubMed with the search terms prodrome and intervention. STUDY SELECTION: All published intervention trials with ultra-high-risk cohorts. DATA SYNTHESIS: The first generation of intervention trials indicated that both pharmacologic and psychological intervention strategies may be of value in terms of symptom reduction and delay or prevention of onset of threshold psychotic disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Further controlled intervention trials with larger sample sizes are required in order to confirm and extend these findings. We argue that the clinical staging model provides a framework for the rationale and design of such studies, with simpler, safer, and more benign interventions being better candidates for first-line treatment, while more complex and potentially harmful treatments should be reserved for those cases in which response has failed to occur. Recent evidence indicates that neuroprotective agents, such as essential fatty acids, may be a suitable form of intervention for the ultra-high-risk phase of psychotic disorders, with a positive risk-benefit balance. Ethical aspects have become more salient given the recently observed declining transition rate in ultra-high-risk samples. We outline the key questions for the next generation of ultra-high-risk intervention trials.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, I B
%A Naismith, S L
%A Norrie, L M
%A Scott, E M
%T Managing depression across the life cycle: new strategies for clinicians and their patients.
%B Internal Medicine Journal
%D 2009
%C Australia, United Kingdom, Netherlands, United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 39
%N 11
%P 720-727
%@ 1445-5994
%X Depression is the leading cause of non-fatal disease burden in Australia. Recently, increasing public recognition, together with the development of more integrated medical and psychological healthcare services has resulted in significant improvements. New pathophysiological models incorporate structural brain changes with established changes in neurotransmitter function. Further, recognition of predisposing factors and the salience of differential ages of onset have led to more pragmatic diagnostic systems. There is an ongoing need to promote early recognition, better information to inform treatment choices and more comprehensive treatment programmes that incorporate behavioural and lifestyle factors in addition to the wide range of pharmacological therapies that are now available.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 170102 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Henson, Connie
%A Chapman, Simon
%A McLeod, Lachlan
%A Johnson, Natalie
%A McGeechan, Kevin
%A Hickie, Ian
%T More us than them: positive depictions of mental illness on Australian television news.
%B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Aust
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 43
%N 6
%P 554-560
%@ 1440-1614
%X OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to review television news coverage of mental illness including self-depictions from people with mental illness, and views expressed by mental health experts and politicians in all 538 news and current affairs items related to mental illness broadcast on free-to-air Sydney television, May 2005-October 2007. METHODS: Content and frame analysis was done of news actors (those with mental illnesses, experts and politicians) of whether depictions were positive ''one of us'', or negative ''one of them''. RESULTS: Only 6% of all items with a main focus on a specific health condition, focused on mental health. Individuals with mental illness were present in 264 (49%) of 538 items, with most (174, 66%) of these self-depictions categorized as either neutral or positive. Experts and politicians overwhelmingly represented and described people with mental illnesses in neutral or positive ways (95% and 84%, respectively). Overall news angle included 299 items (55%), which were categorized as positive ''recovery focused'' items. Another 156 items (29%) were neutral, and 62 items (12%) were classified as negative. Twenty-one (4%) had unclear or mixed themes. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings differ from previous descriptions of media depiction of mental illness, which have been largely negative. The present study provides support for the importance of involving those with histories of mental illness in news coverage.
%Z FOR Codes: 1117 1701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T National health reform: it's time for a decision.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 191
%N 7
%P 382-383
%@ 0025-729X
%X A national system financed and governed by the Australian Government would open up access to the widest range of health services.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rosenberg, Sebastian
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Mendoza, John
%T National mental health reform: less talk, more action.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 190
%N 4
%P 193-195
%@ 1326-5377
%X The Council of Australian Governments revitalised national mental health reform in 2006. Unfortunately, evidence-based models of collaborative care have not yet been supported. Previous attempts at national reform have lacked a strategic vision. We continue to rely on arrangements that are fragmented between different levels of government, poorly resourced community services, and an embattled public hospital sector. Our persisting unwillingness to record or publicly report key measures of health, social or economic outcomes undermines community confidence in the mental health system. Six priority areas for urgent national action are proposed and linked to key measures of improved health system performance. In Australia, we recognise special groups (such as war veterans) and organise and fund services to meet their specific health needs. Such systems could be readily adapted to meet the needs of people with psychosis.
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Page, Andrew N
%A Swannell, Sarah
%A Martin, Graham
%A Hollingworth, Samantha
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Hall, Wayne D
%T Sociodemographic correlates of antidepressant utilisation in Australia.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 190
%N 9
%P 479-483
%@ 0025-729X
%X OBJECTIVE: To investigate sociodemographic variation in antidepressant utilisation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analysis of antidepressant prescription under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in Australia, 2003-2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Antidepressant utilisation (defined daily dose/1000/day) by sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES) and geographical area. RESULTS: Total antidepressant utilisation increased with age. Among those aged > or = 15 years, female utilisation was about double that of males. About half of antidepressant utilisation was accounted for by sertraline, venlafaxine, citalopram, and paroxetine. SES differentials in antidepressant utilisation changed across age groups for males and females: among those aged < or = 19 years, total antidepressant utilisation was significantly less in lower SES groups (P < 0.001); there was no relationship to SES among 20-29-year-olds; and among those aged > or = 30 years, antidepressant utilisation was significantly higher in lower SES groups (P < 0.001). SES differences were attenuated after adjusting for urban or rural residence, but remained statistically significant. Antidepressant utilisation rates were highest in regional centres. CONCLUSION: Antidepressant utilisation in Australia partially reflects sociodemographic differences in the prevalence of affective disorder. Discrepancies between treatment provision and treatment need suggest that not all social strata in Australia have equal access to these treatments.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Banati, Richard
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Therapeutic signposts: using biomarkers to guide better treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 190
%N 4 Suppl
%P S26-S32
%@ 0025-729X
%X We propose that various measures of brain structure or function, gene expression and proteomic technologies can be used to guide better treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. These measures are not used to establish a specific diagnosis. Their purpose is to predict variations in underlying illness activity that predict severity, course of clinical illness, or other morbidity. We propose a new instrument that uses a composite scoring system of systemic biomarkers of illness-related changes in health status: the Brain and Mind Research Institute Biomarker Index. This may permit comparison of biological dysfunction among patients who are at similar points in their illness or have similar clinical features. A specific example of the use of a novel positron emission tomography marker of progressive brain disease in patients with schizophrenia is described.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Vollmer-Conna, Uté
%A Piraino, Barbara F
%A Cameron, Barbara
%A Davenport, Tracey
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Wakefield, Denis
%A Lloyd, Andrew R
%A , Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study Group
%T Cytokine Polymorphisms Have a Synergistic Effect on Severity of the Acute Sickness Response to Infection.
%B Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
%D 2008
%C United States
%I University of Chicago Press
%V 47
%N 11
%P 1418-25
%@ 1058-4838
%X Functional polymorphisms in immune response genes are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the marked individual differences in susceptibility to and outcomes of infectious disease. The acute sickness response is a stereotypical set of illness manifestations mediated by the proinflammatory cytokines induced by many different pathogens. The genetic determinants of severity of the acute sickness response have not previously been explored.
%Z FOR Codes: 110701 110999


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hetrick, S E
%A Parker, A G
%A Hickie, I B
%A Purcell, R
%A Yung, A R
%A McGorry, P D
%T Early identification and intervention in depressive disorders: towards a clinical staging model.
%B Psychotherapy and psychosomatics
%D 2008
%C Switzerland
%I S. Karger AG
%V 77
%N 5
%P 263-270
%@ 1423-0348
%X BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders are common and associated risks include the onset of secondary disorders, substance use disorders, impairment in social and occupational functioning, and an increase in suicidality. As the onset often occurs in youth, there is a clear imperative for early identification and intervention to ameliorate, if not prevent, associated distress. METHODS: An extensive search of relevant databases and an ancestry search was undertaken. RESULTS: There is a limited but growing body of literature on this topic that is discussed in relation to a clinical staging model, which may prove to be a useful framework for identifying where an individual lies along the continuum of the course of a depressive illness thus allowing interventions to be matched for that stage. The identification of a subsyndromal and prodromal stage of depressive disorders provides early intervention opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: It is argued that a clinical staging heuristic may increase the number of those treated early, which may in turn delay or prevent onset, reduce severity, or prevent progression in the course of depressive disorders.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rong, Ye
%A Luscombe, Georgina
%A Davenport, Tracey
%A Huang, Yueqin
%A Glozier, Nick
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Recognition and treatment of depression : A comparison of Australian and Chinese medical students.
%B Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
%D 2008
%C Germany
%I Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag
%V 44
%N 0
%P 636-42
%@ 0933-7954
%X Depression is a major public health problem in both China and Australia. To improve services, we need to ensure health professionals have an appropriate understanding of depression and its treatments. This study compares the level of awareness of depression between Chinese and Australian medical students.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Bennett, Maxwell
%T The brain and mind research institute: a unique campus for the integration of clinical and basic neurosciences in Australia.
%B Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Taylor & Francis Ltd.
%V 16
%N 3
%P 169-172
%@ 1440-1665
%X OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to describe the conceptual and practical development of the Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI) at the University of Sydney. METHOD: The key conceptual framework of the BMRI is reviewed and contrasted with other biomedical institutes. The major timelines for appointment of key personnel, development of infrastructure and implementation of clinical capacities are presented. RESULTS: The BMRI has developed over 15000 square metres of designated basic research and clinical space. This is thanks to major investments by the University of Sydney, the Australian and NSW governments and the wider community. CONCLUSION: Amelioration of the burden of disease due to disorders of the brain and mind may result from a conceptual and practical move away from the traditional emphasis on single disorders or narrow research platforms.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wilhelm, Kay A
%A Finch, Adam W
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T What can alert the general practitioner to people whose common mental health problems are unrecognised?
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 188
%N 12 Suppl
%P S114-S118
%@ 0025-729X
%X OBJECTIVES: To assess the characteristics of people with common mental health problems who are recognised by their general practitioner, and those who are not. DESIGN: Two different case-finding techniques (brief self-report and structured diagnostic interview) were compared with GPs'' independent assessments of patients'' presentations as psychological and/or medical. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 371 patients in general practices in metropolitan Sydney and rural New South Wales, with follow-up telephone interview as soon as possible after the GP visit. The study was conducted from 2001 to 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall rates of disorder, measured by the 12-item Somatic and Psychological HEalth REport (SPHERE-12), and anxiety, depression and somatisation diagnostic categories of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Auto; rates of disability, assessed by the 12-item Short-Form (SF-12) General Health Survey''s mental (MCS) and physical component scales; GP ratings of patients'' psychological problems, and intended treatments. RESULTS: The SPHERE-12 showed the highest rate of case detection and greater agreement with GP assessments of psychological reasons for presentation. Patients who presented with somatic symptoms alone were most likely to be overlooked by GPs: none of the 57 patients identified by SPHERE-12 with a somatic disorder were identified by GPs as psychological presentations. Specificity for the SPHERE-12 psychological scale changed from 72% to 93%, and from 84% to 96% for the combined psychological and somatic scale, when the criterion of an SF-12 MCS score < or = 40 was added. CONCLUSION: Low rates of recognition of psychological problems by GPs, and infrequent treatment for those presenting with somatic symptoms, indicate a need for building GPs skills in the assessment and management of somatisation. The SPHERE-12 may be a useful screening tool for primary care if followed by further questioning and other methods to assess diagnosis and severity to target appropriate treatment.
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A McGorry, PD
%A Purcell, R
%A Hickie, IB
%A Yung, AR
%A Pantelis, C
%A Jackson, HJ
%T Clinical staging: a heuristic model for psychiatry and youth mental health
%B MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 187
%N 7
%P S40-S42
%@ 0025-729X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Book Section
%A Clarke, Dianne
%A Blashki, Grant
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Depression
%B General Practice Psychiatry
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I McGraw Hill
%V 
%N 
%P 108-126
%@ 0074713515
%E Blashki, G
%E Judd, F
%E Piterman, L
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111714


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Longley, Wendy A
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Hickie, Ian B
%T Disability in major depression related to self-rated and objectively-measured cognitive deficits: a preliminary study.
%B BMC psychiatry
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Biomed Central Ltd.
%V 7
%N 32
%P 0
%@ 1471-244X
%X BACKGROUND: Although major depression (MD) is associated with high levels of disability, the relationships between cognitive dysfunction and self-rated disability are poorly understood. This study examined the relationships between self-rated disability in persons with MD and both self-rated and objectively-measured cognitive functioning. METHODS: Twenty-one persons with MD and 21 control participants underwent neuropsychological assessment and z-scores representing deviations from control performance were calculated and averaged across the domains of psychomotor speed, initial learning, memory retention and executive function. Self-ratings of cognitive deficits (SRCDs) were reported on a 6-point scale for overall rating of cognitive change, speed of thinking, concentration, and short-term memory. Disability scores for self-rated physical, mental-health and functional (ie. days out of role) disability were computed from the Brief-Disability Questionnaire and the SF-12 ''mental component'' subscale. RESULTS: Persons with MD had a mean age of 53.9 years (SD = 11.0, 76% female) and had moderate to high depression severity (mean HDRS 21.7, sd = 4.4). As expected, depression severity was a strong predictor of physical (r = 0.7, p < 0.01), mental-health (r = 0.7, p < 0.01) and functional (r = 0.8, p < 0.001) disability on the Brief Disability Questionnaire. Additionally, for physical disability, both overall SRCDs and objectively-measured psychomotor speed continued to be independent significant predictors after controlling for depression severity, uniquely accounting for 13% and 16% of variance respectively. For functional disability scores, objectively-measured memory impairment and overall SRCDs were no longer significant predictors after controlling for depression severity. CONCLUSION: While depression severity is associated with disability, the contributions of both self-rated and objectively-measured cognitive deficits are substantial and contribute uniquely and differentially to various forms of disability. Efforts directed at reducing cognitive deficits in depression may have the potential to reduce disability.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Allen, NB
%A Hetrick, SE
%A Simmons, JG
%A Hickie, IB
%T Early intervention for depressive disorders in young people: the opportunity and the (lack of) evidence
%B MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 187
%N 7
%P S15-S17
%@ 0025-729X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Stockler, Martin R
%A O'connell, Rachel
%A Nowak, Anna K
%A Goldstein, David
%A Turner, Jane
%A Wilcken, Nicholas Rc
%A Wyld, David
%A Abdi, Ehtesham A
%A Glasgow, Amanda
%A Beale, Philip J
%A Jefford, Michael
%A Dhillon, Haryana
%A Heritier, Stephane
%A Carter, Candace
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Simes, R John
%A , on behalf of the Zoloft's Effects on Symptoms and survival Time (ZEST) Trial Group
%T Effect of sertraline on symptoms and survival in patients with advanced cancer, but without major depression: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomised trial.
%B The lancet oncology
%D 2007
%C UK
%I The Lancet Publishing Group
%V 8
%N 7
%P 603-612
%@ 1470-2045
%X BACKGROUND: Depression, anxiety, fatigue, and impaired wellbeing are common, important, and closely related in advanced cancer. We aimed to identify the effects of an established antidepressant on these symptoms and survival in patients with advanced cancer who did not have major depression as assessed by clinicians. METHODS: Between July, 2001, and February, 2006, 189 patients with advanced cancer were randomly assigned sertraline 50 mg (n=95), or placebo (n=94), once per day. The primary outcome was depression as assessed by the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D); the main secondary outcomes were: anxiety as assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS-A); overall quality of life and fatigue as assessed by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General and Fatigue scales (FACT-G and FACT-F, respectively); and clinicians'' ratings of quality of life by use of Spizter''s Quality of Life Index (SQLI). Multiple measures were used for corroboration of the most important outcomes. Primary analyses were done by intention to treat and were based on scale scores at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The benefits of sertraline compared with placebo are expressed on a range from +100 (ie, maximum benefit) to -100 (ie, maximum harm); a difference of 10 was deemed clinically significant. This clinical trial is registered at Current Controlled Trials website http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN72466475. FINDINGS: Sertraline had no significant effect (scale, benefit over placebo [95% CI]) on depression (CES-D 0.4 [-2.6 to 3.4]), anxiety (HADS-A 2.0 [-1.5 to 5.5]), fatigue (FACT-F 0.3 [-4.3 to 4.9]), overall quality of life (FACT-G 1.7 [-1.3 to 4.7]), or clinicians'' ratings (SQLI 2.0 [-2.5 to 6.5]), and the 95% CI ruled out a clinically significant benefit for all main outcomes. Sertraline was discontinued more often and earlier than was placebo (hazard ratio 1.46 [1.03-2.06], p=0.03). Recruitment was stopped after the first planned interim analysis in February 2006 (n=150) showed that survival was longer in patients assigned placebo than in patients assigned sertraline (unadjusted hazard ratio 1.60 [95% CI 1.04-2.45], log-rank p=0.04; adjusted hazard ratio 1.62 [1.06-2.41], Cox model p=0.02). However, at the final analysis in July 2006 of all patients (n=189) and with longer follow-up, survival did not differ significantly between the treatment groups (unadjusted hazard ratio 1.35 [0.95-1.91], log-rank p=0.09; adjusted hazard ratio 1.27 [0.87-1.84], Cox model p=0.20). The trial was closed because it had ruled out a significant benefit of sertraline. INTERPRETATION: Sertraline did not improve symptoms, wellbeing, or survival in patients with advanced cancer who do not have major depression, and should be reserved for those with a proven indication.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cameron, Barbara
%A Galbraith, Sally
%A Zhang, Yun
%A Davenport, Tracey
%A Vollmer-Conna, Ute
%A Wakefield, Denis
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Dunsmuir, William
%A Whistler, Toni
%A Vernon, Suzanne
%A Reeves, William C
%A Lloyd, Andrew R
%A , Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study
%T Gene expression correlates of postinfective fatigue syndrome after infectious mononucleosis.
%B The Journal of infectious diseases
%D 2007
%C US
%I University of Chicago Press
%V 196
%N 1
%P 56-66
%@ 1537-6613
%X BACKGROUND: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) commonly triggers a protracted postinfective fatigue syndrome (PIFS) of unknown pathogenesis. METHODS: Seven subjects with PIFS with 6 or more months of disabling symptoms and 8 matched control subjects who had recovered promptly from documented IM were studied. The expression of 30,000 genes was examined in the peripheral blood by microarray analysis in 65 longitudinally collected samples. Gene expression patterns associated with PIFS were sought by correlation with symptom factor scores. RESULTS: Differential expression of 733 genes was identified when samples collected early during the illness and at the late (recovered) time point were compared. Of these genes, 234 were found to be significantly correlated with the reported severity of the fatigue symptom factor, and 180 were found to be correlated with the musculoskeletal pain symptom factor. Validation by analysis of the longitudinal expression pattern revealed 35 genes for which changes in expression were consistent with the illness course. These genes included several that are involved in signal transduction pathways, metal ion binding, and ion channel activity. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression correlates of the cardinal symptoms of PIFS after IM have been identified. Further studies of these gene products may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of PIFS.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A McGorry, Patrick D
%T Increased access to evidence-based primary mental health care: will the implementation match the rhetoric?
%B The Medical journal of Australia
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 187
%N 2
%P 100-103
%@ 1326-5377
%X There is clear evidence that coordinated systems of medical and psychological care ("collaborative care") are superior to single-provider-based treatment regimens. Although other general practice-based mental health schemes promoted collaborative care, the new Medicare Benefits Schedule payments revert largely to individual-provider service systems and fee-for-service rebates. Such systems have previously resulted in high out-of-pocket expenses, poor geographical and socioeconomic distribution of specialist services, and proliferation of individual-provider-based treatments rather than collaborative care. The new arrangements for broad access to psychological therapies should provide the financial basis for major structural reform. Unless this reform is closely monitored for equity of access, degree of out-of-pocket expenses, extent of development of evidence-based collaborative care structures, and impact on young people in the early phases of mental illness, we may waste this opportunity. The responsibility for achieving the best outcome does not lie only with governments. To date, the professions have not placed enough emphasis on systematically adopting evidence-based forms of collaborative care.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian
%T Is depression overdiagnosed? No.
%B BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Publishing Group
%V 335
%N 7615
%P 329
%@ 1468-5833
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Dunbar, James A
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Wakerman, John
%A Reddy, Prasuna
%T New money for mental health: will it make things better for rural and remote Australia?
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 186
%N 11
%P 587-589
%@ 0025-729X
%X New Australian government funding for the Better Outcomes in Mental Health Care initiative is a significant step forward for mental health, with general practitioners now able to offer direct referrals to psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists and Aboriginal health workers. Incentives for better teamwork between GPs and other mental health professionals have been introduced, but may have unintended consequences, including an exacerbation of workforce shortages in rural and remote areas. Possible solutions to these shortages include rural scholarships for students in the mental health professions; recruitment and retention of students coordinated by university departments of rural health; better access to continuing professional development; and federally funded rural positions and additional financial incentives for rural mental health practitioners.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Luscombe, Georgina M
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Burns, Jane M
%A Highet, Nicole J
%T Perspectives of young people on depression: awareness, experiences, attitudes and treatment preferences.
%B Early Intervention in Psychiatry
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 1
%N 4
%P 333-339
%@ 1751-7893
%X Ascertaining current knowledge and attitudes towards depression among young people is vital for developing campaigns promoting community awareness and early intervention.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Everett, B
%A Cameron, B
%A Li, H
%A Vollmer-Conna, U
%A Davenport, T
%A Hickie, I
%A Wakefield, D
%A Vernon, S
%A Reeves, W C
%A Lloyd, A R
%T Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptors-2 and -4 are not associated with disease manifestations in acute Q fever.
%B Genes and immunity
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 8
%N 8
%P 699-702
%@ 1466-4879
%X Coxiella burnetii is a macrophage-tropic, Gram-negative organism, which causes acute Q fever infection in humans. This zoonotic infection causes illness ranging from asymptomatic seroconversion to severe and protracted disease featuring hepatitis and pneumonia. Interactions between C. burnetii lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and host Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and -4 have been implicated in pathogen recognition, phagocytosis and signaling responses. Nonconservative single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding regions of TLR-2 (Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln) and TLR-4 (Asp299Gly) have been found to correlate with mycobacterial infections and Gram-negative sepsis respectively. Associations between the TLR-2 and -4 polymorphisms, illness characteristics and immune response parameters were examined in subjects with acute Q fever (n=85) and comparison subjects with viral infections (n=162). No correlation was demonstrated between these polymorphisms and susceptibility to Q fever, illness severity or illness course.
%Z FOR Codes: 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Burke, D
%A Hickie, I
%A Breakspear, M
%A Gotz, J
%T Possibilities for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment and dementia
%B British Journal of Psychiatry
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Royal College of Psychiatrists
%V 190
%N 5
%P 371-372
%@ 0007-1250
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Vollmer-Conna, Ute
%A Cameron, Barbara
%A Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan
%A Singletary, Kristi
%A Davenport, Tracey
%A Vernon, Suzanne
%A Reeves, William C
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Wakefield, Denis
%A Lloyd, Andrew R
%A , Dubbo Infective Outcomes Study Group
%T Postinfective fatigue syndrome is not associated with altered cytokine production.
%B Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
%D 2007
%C United States
%I University of Chicago Press
%V 45
%N 6
%P 732-735
%@ 1058-4838
%X Peripheral blood specimens and clinical data were obtained over a 12-month period from subjects in the Dubbo Infection Outcomes Study to examine cytokine production in postinfective fatigue syndrome. Ex vivo production of 8 cytokines was examined in 22 case patients and in 42 control subjects who recovered promptly. No significant differences were found. Ongoing production of the cytokines examined does not play a role in postinfective fatigue syndrome.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%A Price, Melanie
%A Butow, Phyllis
%A Low, SK
%A Wilson, Judy
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Phillips, KA
%A Bennett, B
%A Meiser, B
%A Tucker, K
%A McLachlan, SA
%A Tennant, Christopher
%T Predictors of Cancer Worry in Unaffected Women from High Risk Breast Cancer Families: Risk Perception is not the Primary Issue
%B Journal of Genetic Counseling
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Springer New York LLC
%V 16
%N 
%P 635-644
%@ 1573-3599
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111299 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Naismith, Sharon L
%A Ward, Philip B
%A Little, Craig L
%A Pearson, Mark
%A Scott, Elizabeth M
%A Mitchell, Philip
%A Wilhelm, Kay
%A Parker, Gordon
%T Psychomotor slowing in older patients with major depression: Relationships with blood flow in the caudate nucleus and white matter lesions.
%B Psychiatry research
%D 2007
%C Ireland
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 155
%N 3
%P 211-220
%@ 0165-1781
%X OBJECTIVES: Selected structural and functional neuroimaging correlates of psychomotor slowing were examine in older persons with depression. Clinical, neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) data were obtained for 32 persons with depression (mean age=55.5) and 17 controls (mean age = 55.4). Psychomotor slowing was measured by simple (SRT) and choice (CRT) reaction times. White matter lesions (WMLs) were visually rated and caudate nucleus regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was obtained through the co-registration of MRI and SPECT data. Two SPECT scans were performed (corresponding to the SRT and CRT tasks) and a percentage change score in rCBF (%rCBF) due to the increasing complexity of the second task was calculated. Persons with depression and controls did not differ with respect to %rCBF or frequency of WMLs. In persons with depression, reduced %rCBF was associated with slower CRT. For all subjects, WMLs predicted 14% of the variance in %rCBF. Although CRT was predicted by a combination of older age, WMLs and %rCBF, the diagnosis of depression still predicted a further 25% of the variance. Reduced %rCBF is associated with demonstrable psychomotor slowing and presence of WMLs. While psychomotor slowing is determined in part by subcortical changes, other cortical and illness-dependent factors are likely to be relevant.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie, Ian B
%A Fogarty, Andrea S
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Luscombe, Georgina M
%A Burns, Jane
%T Responding to experiences of young people with common mental health problems attending Australian general practice.
%B The Medical journal of Australia
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 187
%N 7 Suppl
%P S47-52
%@ 1326-5377
%X The development of evidence-based ("collaborative care") mental health services in primary care for young people with anxiety, depression and alcohol or other substance misuse is a major challenge. Data from two clinical audits of selected Australian general practices (1998-1999 and 2000-2002) were analysed to explore actual experiences of care among people aged 16-25 years. Syndromal (1998-1999: 31.0% [n = 1849/5957]; 2000-2002: 37.8% [n = 148/392]) and subsyndromal (1998-1999: 27.4% [n = 1635/5957]; 2000-2002: 29.1% [114/392]) mental disorders are very common among young people presenting to general practitioners. However, a mental health diagnosis (1998-1999: 42.6% [n = 740/1736]; 2000-2002: 52.0% [n = 77/148]) or provision of formal treatment (1998-1999: 36.1% [n = 600/1661]; 2000-2002: 51.7% [n = 74/143]) occurs in only about half of the patients with syndromal conditions. While some active treatment was received by 19.4% (1998-1999 [n = 1018/5236]) and 35.9% (2000-2002 [n = 133/370]) of the young people, respectively, the most commonly reported interventions were non-pharmacological alone (1998-1999: 13.1% [n = 687/5236]; 2000-2002: 22.4% [n = 83/370]) or non-pharmacological and pharmacological combinations (1998-1999: 4.1% [n = 214/5236]; 2000-2002: 10.3% [n = 38/370]). Only rarely is pharmacological treatment alone provided (1998-1999: 2.2% [n = 117/5236]; 2000-2002: 3.2% [n = 12/370]). New systems of primary care for young people need to be based on proven collaborative care models and encourage presentations for care, increase detection rates, and promote access to information and effective e-health services. Improved access to specific psychological treatments should remain a priority.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Barton, David
%A Dawood, Tye
%A Lambert, Elisabeth
%A Esler, Murray
%A Haikerwal, Deepak
%A Brenchley, Celia
%A Socratous, Florentia
%A Kaye, David
%A Schlaich, Markus
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Lambert, Gavin
%T Sympathetic activity in major depressive disorder: identifying those at increased cardiac risk?
%B Journal of hypertension
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 25
%N 10
%P 2117-2124
%@ 0263-6352
%X BACKGROUND: Evidence exists linking major depressive disorder (MDD) with clinical cardiovascular events. The importance of the sympathetic nervous system in the generation of cardiac risk in other contexts is established. OBJECTIVE: To examine the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in the generation of cardiac risk in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Studies were performed in 39 patients meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) criteria for MDD and in 76 healthy subjects. Treatment for patients consisted of selective serotonin reuptake inhibition (SSRI) for 12 weeks. Whole body and cardiac sympathetic activity were examined using noradrenaline isotope dilution methodology and sympathetic nerve recording techniques. Measurement of the extraction of infused tritiated noradrenaline by the heart, and estimation of cardiac dihydroxyphenylglycol production provided direct quantification of neuronal noradrenaline reuptake. RESULTS: Sympathetic activity, particularly in the heart and for the whole body, in patients with MDD followed a bimodal distribution. Elevated values were observed in patients with co-morbid panic disorder (P = 0.006). Consistent with a defect in noradrenaline reuptake, the cardiac extraction of tritiated noradrenaline (0.80 +/- 0.01 versus 0.56 +/- 0.04%, P < 0.001) and cardiac dihydroxyphenylglycol overflow (109 +/- 8 versus 73 +/- 11, P = 0.01) were reduced in patients with MDD. SSRI therapy abolished the excessive sympathetic activation, with whole body noradrenaline spillover falling from 518 +/- 83 to 290 +/- 41 ng/min (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a subset of patients with MDD in whom sympathetic nervous activity is extraordinarily high, including in the sympathetic outflow to the heart. Treatment with an SSRI may reduce sympathetic activity in a manner likely to reduce cardiac risk.
%Z FOR Codes: 110903


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bennett, B
%A Goldstein, D
%A Friedlander, M
%A Hickie, I
%A Lloyd, A
%T The Experience of Cancer-Related Fatigue and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Qualitative and Comparative Study.
%B Journal of pain and symptom management
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 34
%N 2
%P 126-35
%@ 0885-3924
%X Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and disabling symptom complex reported by survivors. This study aimed to better understand the manifestations of CRF in women treated for breast cancer, and to compare them with those of women diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Women with CRF persisting 6 months after treatment for early stage breast cancer, and women with CFS participated in separate, audiotaped focus groups. Transcripts of the sessions were analyzed using the NUD*IST software, and interpreted using grounded theory. Twenty-eight women participated, 16 with CRF and 12 with CFS. Analysis of transcripts from both groups revealed a similar core set of symptoms, featuring fatigue, neurocognitive difficulties, and mood disturbances. Women with CFS reported additional symptoms including musculoskeletal pain and influenza-like manifestations. Both groups suffered disabling behavioral consequences of the symptom complex. Qualitatively, CRF appears closely related to CFS. These findings raise the emergent hypothesis of a conserved neurobehavioral symptom complex, which results from diverse triggering insults.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hickie Am, Ian B
%A Davenport, Tracey A
%A Luscombe, Georgina M
%A Rong, Ye
%A Hickie, Megan L
%A Bell, Morag I
%T The assessment of depression awareness and help-seeking behaviour: experiences with the International Depression Literacy Survey.
%B BMC psychiatry
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 7
%N 48
%P 48-48
%@ 1471-244X
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Depression causes substantial disease burden in both developed and developing countries. To reduce this burden, we need to promote understanding of depression as a major health condition. The International Depression Literacy Survey (IDLS) has been developed to assess understanding of depression in different cultural and health care settings. METHODS: Four groups of Australian university students completed the survey: medical students in second (n = 103) and fourth (n = 82) years of a graduate course, ethnic Chinese students (n = 184) and general undergraduate students (n = 38). RESULTS: Differences between the student groups were evident, with fourth year medical students demonstrating greater general health and depression literacy than second year medical students. Australian undergraduate students demonstrated better depression literacy than those from ethnic Chinese backgrounds. Ethnicity also influenced help seeking and treatment preferences (with more Chinese students being inclined to seek help from pharmacists), beliefs about discrimination and perceptions regarding stigma. CONCLUSION: The IDLS does detect significant differences in understanding of depression among groups from different ethnic backgrounds and between those who differ in terms of prior health training. These preliminary results suggest that it may be well suited for use in a wider international context. Further investigation of the utility of the IDLS is required before these results could be extrapolated to other populations.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wijeratne, Chanaka
%A Hickie, Ian
%A Brodaty, Henry
%T The characteristics of fatigue in an older primary care sample.
%B Journal of psychosomatic research
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 62
%N 2
%P 153-8
%@ 0022-3999
%X BACKGROUND: Primary care studies of younger adults have reported fatigue to be common and etiologically heterogeneous with both physical and psychological associations. This has led to considerable debate about whether fatigue may present independently of psychological disorder. Somatic symptoms in older people have been assumed to be almost entirely physical in origin. AIMS: To determine the characteristics of fatigue and its relationship with psychological disorder in older primary care attenders. METHOD: Ambulatory primary care patients aged 60 years and over completed self-report questionnaires and psychiatric interview at baseline and at 12 months. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of fatigue was 27.4% with most, but not all, cases being comorbid with psychological disorder. Psychological disorder (OR, 8.43; 95% CI, 2.98-23.88) was a greater predictor of fatigue than physical illness (OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 1.63-13.85). Neither a tendency for fatigue to evolve into psychological disorder, nor vice versa, was observed longitudinally (overall kappa, 0.68; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue is common in older primary care attenders and is not associated with physical illness alone. Despite the high rate of comorbidity with psychological disorder, independent and longitudinally stable forms of fatigue did present. The overall findings suggest that while fatigue does overlap with psychological phenomena, there may also be distinct forms of fatigue.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Carnell, K
%A Moran, J
%A Littlefield, LK
%A McGorry, PD
%A Tanti, C
%A Hickie, IB
%A Stokes, R
%T headspace: Australia''s National Youth Mental Health Foundation - where young minds come first
%B MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 187
%N 7
%P S68-S70
%@ 0025-729X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319