%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Black, Kirsten
%A Lotke, Pamela
%A Buhling, Kai J
%A Zite, Nikki B
%A , and on behalf of the Intrauterine contraception for Nulliparous women: Translating Research into Action (INTRA) group
%T A review of barriers and myths preventing the more widespread use of intrauterine contraception in nulliparous women.
%B The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 17
%N 5
%P 340-350
%@ 1473-0782
%X Objectives Intrauterine contracepives (IUCs) are highly effective and safe for use in all women, including those who are nulliparous. However, many myths and barriers prevent more widespread utilisation. The objective of this article was to explore the health care provider (HCP), health system and user issues that prevent more widespread use of IUCs, particularly among nulliparous women, and to present the evidence that supports achieving greater utilisation of these devices. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed and Embase were used to identify studies reporting attitudes and beliefs around IUCs, and clinical studies providing evidence of their risks and benefits. Results HCP, health system and user factors limiting use of IUCs were identified. The most widely explored barriers in published studies are those at the HCP level. User barriers are less well documented and health system barriers are mostly assessed through indirect evidence. Many, but not all, of the barriers can be reduced through greater understanding of the evidence. Conclusions Efforts need to be made to disseminate the evidence, which shows that few contraindications exist to IUC use. Addressing HCP lack of knowledge, training and confidence with IUC insertions, particularly in nulliparous women, could make a substantial positive impact on IUC utilisation.
%Z FOR Codes: 110399 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Harvey, Caroline
%A Bateson, Deborah
%A Wattimena, Jeany
%A Black, Kirsten I
%T Ease of intrauterine contraceptive device insertion in family planning settings.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 52
%N 6
%P 534-539
%@ 1479-828X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111404


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lee, Yy
%A Roberts, Cl
%A Dobbins, T
%A Stavrou, E
%A Black, K
%A Morris, J
%A Young, J
%T Incidence and outcomes of pregnancy-associated cancer in Australia, 1994-2008: a population-based linkage study.
%B BJOG
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 119
%N 13
%P 1572-1582
%@ 1471-0528
%X Please cite this paper as: Lee Y, Roberts C, Dobbins T, Stavrou E, Black K, Morris J, Young J. Incidence and outcomes of pregnancy-associated cancer in Australia, 1994-2008: a population-based linkage study. BJOG 2012; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03475.x. Objective??? To determine trends in pregnancy-associated cancer and associations between maternal cancer and pregnancy outcomes. Design??? Population-based cohort study. Setting??? New South Wales, Australia, 1994-2008. Population??? A total of 781???907 women and their 1???309???501 maternities. Methods??? Cancer and maternal information were obtained from linked cancer registry, birth and hospital records for the entire population. Generalised estimating equations with a logit link were used to examine associations between cancer risk factors and pregnancy outcomes. Main outcome measures??? Incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer (diagnosis during pregnancy or within 12???months of delivery), maternal morbidities, preterm birth, and small- and large-for-gestational-age (LGA). Results??? A total of 1798 new cancer diagnoses were identified, including 499 during pregnancy and 1299 postpartum. From 1994 to 2007, the crude incidence rate of pregnancy-associated cancer increased from 112.3 to 191.5 per 100???000 maternities (P???<???0.001), and only 14% of the increase was explained by increasing maternal age. Cancer diagnosis was more common than expected in women aged 15-44???years (observed-to-expected ratio 1.49; 95% CI 1.42-1.56). Cancers were predominantly melanoma (33.3%) and breast cancer (21.0%). Women with cancer diagnosed during pregnancy had high rates of labour induction (28.5%), caesarean section (40.0%) and planned preterm birth (19.7%). Novel findings included a cancer association with multiple pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.13-2.05) and LGA (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.14-1.89). Conclusions??? Pregnancy-associated cancers have increased, and this increase is only partially explained by increasing maternal age. Pregnancy increases women''s interaction with health services and the possibility for diagnosis, but may also influence tumour growth.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Black, Kirsten I
%A Haber, Paul S
%A Lintzeris, Nicholas
%T Offering incentives to drug-using women to take up contraception: The ethical and clinical issues
%B Addiction
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 107
%N 7
%P 1361-1362
%@ 1360-0443
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111799 111402


%0 Journal Article
%A Chapman-Konarska, Renata
%A Mellis, Craig
%A Burgess, Annette
%A Black, Kirsten
%T Teaching professionalism in the medical program
%B International Journal of Clinical Skills
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I SkillsClinic Limited
%V 6
%N 1
%P 3-6
%@ 1753-0431
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 130209


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Burgess, Annette
%A Black, Kirsten
%A Chapman, Renata
%A Clark, Tyler
%A Roberts, Chris
%A Mellis, Craig
%T Teaching skills for students: our future educators.
%B The Clinical Teacher
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 9
%N 5
%P 312-316
%@ 1743-498X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 130209


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Black, Kirsten I
%A Fraser, Ian S
%T The burden of health associated with benign gynecological disorders in low-resource settings.
%B International journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
%D 2012
%C Ireland
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 119
%N Suppl 1
%P S72-S75
%@ 1879-3479
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1114 1103 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Black, Kirsten I
%A Stephens, Christine
%A Haber, Paul S
%A Lintzeris, Nicholas
%T Unplanned pregnancy and contraceptive use in women attending drug treatment services.
%B The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 52
%N 2
%P 146-150
%@ 1479-828X
%X At an international level, there are calls for a greater focus on women and harm reduction in recognition that female drug users have a unique set of issues that are not routinely assessed in drug treatment programs.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799 111402


%0 Journal Article
%A Burgess, Annette
%A Black, Kirsten
%T Factors motivating Clinical Training Associates (CTAs) to work with medical students
%B International Journal of Clinical Skills
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I SkillsClinic Limited
%V 5
%N 
%P 39-41
%@ 1753-0431
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 130209


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bateson, Deborah
%A Harvey, Caroline
%A Williams, Julia
%A Black, Kirsten I
%T Intrauterine contraception: why are so few Australian women using this effective method?
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 194
%N 6
%P 324
%@ 1326-5377
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110399 111402


%0 Journal Article
%A Black, Kirsten
%A Kubba, Ali
%T Non-hormonal contraception
%B Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I The Medicine Publishing Company
%V 21
%N 4
%P 103-106
%@ 1751-7214
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111404 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Black, Kirsten I
%A Sakhaei, Tahereh
%A Garland, Suzanne M
%T A study investigating obstetricians' and gynaecologists' management of women requesting an intrauterine device.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 50
%N 2
%P 184-188
%@ 1479-828X
%X Background: Intrauterine methods including the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) provide highly effective long-term reversible contraception. The reasons for relative low use of these methods in Australia compared to many European countries are not clear, but may in part relate to provider reluctance because of outdated knowledge about their safety and efficacy. Aims: The aim of this study was to survey Australian Fellows of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists about their knowledge of the risks, benefits and mechanisms of action of intrauterine methods. Methods: In 2008, we undertook a cross-sectional survey of all Australian Fellows not registered as a subspecialist. The survey was mailed to 1050 practitioners and 701 were returned, comprising a response rate of 67%. Results: Knowledge about the LNG-IUS was significantly better than for the Cu-IUD in terms of correct understanding about mechanism of action (89.3% vs. 30%; P < 0.001) and efficacy (63.2% vs. 33.5%; P < 0.001). According to the WHO, both methods are considered suitable for use in nulliparous women, yet only 39.1% of providers believed the Cu-IUD suitable compared to 69.4% for the LNG-IUS (P < 0.001). When responses were analysed according to time from graduation, many aspects of knowledge about these devices showed a linear trend, with greater accuracy in recent graduates (<10 years) compared with graduates of more than 30 years. Conclusion: Both methods are highly effective, non-user dependent and reversible and deserve greater understanding and consideration for use by Australian practitioners and women.
%Z FOR Codes: 1114


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Tokushige, Natsuko
%A Russell, Peter
%A Black, Kirsten
%A Barrera, Hector
%A Dubinovsky, Sylvia
%A Markham, Robert
%A Fraser, Ian S
%T Nerve fibers in ovarian endometriomas.
%B Fertility and sterility
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 94
%N 5
%P 1944-7
%@ 0015-0282
%X Ovarian endometriomas (n = 29) were innervated by mainly sympathetic and sensory fibers. These fibers may be involved in the generation of pain symptoms.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Black, Kirsten I
%A Gupta, Sunanda
%A Rassi, Angela
%A Kubba, Ali
%T Why do women experience untimed pregnancies? A review of contraceptive failure rates.
%B Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Bailliere Tindall
%V 24
%N 4
%P 443-55
%@ 1532-1932
%X Contraceptive failure contributes to a substantial proportion of unintended pregnancy, particularly in the developed world. A number of socio-demographic factors seem to impact on the risk of a woman experiencing contraceptive failure. Many of the issues exist across cultural boundaries and are complex to address. In discussing the failure rates for individual contraceptive methods, this article will highlight the advantage of improving uptake of long-acting reversible methods of contraception which have a high efficacy and are less user-dependent than many of the other available methods.
%Z FOR Codes: 1103 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Black, Kirsten I
%T Developments and challenges in emergency contraception.
%B Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Bailliere Tindall
%V 23
%N 2
%P 221-231
%@ 1532-1932
%X Emergency contraception (EC) methods, available in oral and intra-uterine forms, seek to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. Levonorgestrel EC is more effective and has fewer side effects than the previously used combined oral hormonal method; the Yuzpe regimen. In recent years, levonorgestrel has increased in use, and has become available over the counter in pharmacies in many countries. Compared with oral methods, the copper intra-uterine device offers greater protection against unplanned pregnancy but requires a clinical consultation. The much hoped for potential of EC methods to reduce unintended pregnancy is yet to be demonstrated at population level.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Al-Jefout, Moamar
%A Black, Kirsten
%A Schulke, Lauren
%A Berbic, Marina
%A Luscombe, Georgina
%A Tokushige, Natsuko
%A Markham, Robert
%A Fraser, Ian S
%T Novel finding of high density of activated mast cells in endometrial polyps.
%B Fertility and sterility
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Elsevier
%V 92
%N 0
%P 1104-6
%@ 0015-0282
%X Endometrial polyps are benign lesions frequently identified in women with infertility or abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive and postmenopausal phases We report the striking observation that the numbers of activated mast cells expressing tryptase are increased more than sevenfold throughout the cycle in endometrial polyps (n = 20) compared with normal endometrium. This novel finding has important implications for growth, development, and symptoms associated with polyps in many different tissues.
%Z FOR Codes: 110701


%0 Journal Article
%A Black, Kirsten
%A Kubba, Ali
%T Non-oral contraception
%B Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I The Medicine Publishing Company
%V 18
%N 12
%P 324-329
%@ 1751-7214
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111404


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Black, Kirsten I
%A Mercer, Catherine H
%A Kubba, Ali
%A Wellings, Kaye
%T Provision of emergency contraception: a pilot study comparing access through pharmacies and clinical settings.
%B Contraception
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Elsevier
%V 77
%N 3
%P 181-185
%@ 0010-7824
%X OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to compare the provision of emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) through pharmacies and clinical services to determine whether aspects of client satisfaction and subsequent sexual health outcomes vary significantly between these services. STUDY DESIGN: A pilot observational study was conducted in South London. Participants were recruited from pharmacies and clinical services when they presented requesting EHC and met with the researcher to complete a structured questionnaire 4 months later. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three women were enrolled in the study, 50 of whom accessed a community pharmacy for EHC plus 83 women who obtained EHC from a clinical service. Seventy percent of women who went to a pharmacy and 43.9% who went to a clinical service obtained EHC within 24 h (p=.004). A greater proportion of women attending a clinical service felt at least quite comfortable asking for EHC, compared to those who went to a pharmacy (p=.007). Those who obtained EHC from a clinic also felt significantly better informed about both EHC (p=.015) and their future contraceptive options (p=.000), compared to the women who attended a pharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study found that women who went to a pharmacy had more rapid access to EHC compared to those who chose to attend a clinical service. Other aspects of provision and client satisfaction seem to favor attendance at a clinical setting over a pharmacy as a venue for obtaining EHC.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402