%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Burlutsky, George
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Birth Weight and Time Spent in Outdoor Physical Activity during Adolescence.
%B Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
%D 2013
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 45
%N 3
%P 475-480
%@ 0195-9131
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nguyen, B
%A Shrewsbury, V A
%A O'Connor, J
%A Steinbeck, K S
%A Hill, A J
%A Shah, S
%A Kohn, M R
%A Torvaldsen, S
%A Baur, L A
%T Two-year outcomes of an adjunctive telephone coaching and electronic contact intervention for adolescent weight-loss maintenance: the Loozit randomized controlled trial.
%B International Journal of Obesity
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 37
%N 3
%P 468-472
%@ 1476-5497
%X This paper reports the final 24-month outcomes of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of additional therapeutic contact (ATC) as an adjunct to a community-based weight-management program for overweight and obese 13-16-year-olds. ATC involved telephone coaching or short-message-service and/or email communication once per fortnight. Adolescents were randomized to receive the Loozit group program-a two-phase behavioral lifestyle intervention with (n=73), or without (n=78), ATC in Phase 2. Adolescents/parents separately attended seven weekly group sessions (Phase 1), followed by quarterly adolescent sessions (Phase 2). Assessor-blinded, 24-month changes in anthropometry and metabolic health included primary outcomes body mass index (BMI) z-score and waist:height ratio (WHtR). Secondary outcomes were self-reported psychosocial and lifestyle changes. By 24 months, 17 adolescents had formally withdrawn. Relative to the Loozit program alone, ATC largely had no impact on outcomes. Secondary pre-post assessment of the Loozit group program showed mean (95% CI) reductions in BMI z-score (-0.13 (-0.20, -0.06)) and WHtR (-0.02 (-0.03, -0.01)) in both arms, with several metabolic and psychosocial improvements. Adjunctive ATC did not provide further benefits to the Loozit group program. We recommend that further work is needed to optimize technological support for adolescents in weight-loss maintenance. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number ACTRNO12606000175572.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 15 May 2012; doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.74.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712 111710


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T Views of children and parents on limiting unhealthy food, drink and alcohol sponsorship of elite and children's sports.
%B Public Health Nutrition
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 16
%N 1
%P 130-135
%@ 1368-9800
%X OBJECTIVE: To determine parents'' and children''s attitudes towards food, beverage and alcohol sponsorship of elite and children''s sports and the acceptability of policies and alternative funding models to limit this sponsorship. DESIGN: Telephone surveys were conducted with parents in February-May 2011. One child from each household was invited to complete an online survey. Surveys assessed parents'' perceptions about the influence of sponsorship on children and support for limiting sponsorship, and children''s awareness of and attitudes towards sponsors. SETTING: Randomly sampled households in New South Wales, Australia. SUBJECTS: Parents (n 825) and children aged 10-16 years (n 243). RESULTS: Three-quarters of parents supported the introduction of policies to restrict unhealthy food, beverage and alcohol sponsorship of children''s and elite sports. More parents (81 %) supported the introduction of alternative funding models to allow these companies to sponsor sport provided there was no visible branding. Two-thirds of children recalled sponsors of their favourite elite sports team/athlete, with 428 sponsors recalled. Of these, 11 % were food/beverage companies and 3 % were alcohol-related. For 39 % of sponsors, children reported feeling better about the company after it had sponsored a team/athlete. CONCLUSIONS: Australian parents support restrictions on unhealthy food, beverage and alcohol sport sponsorship. Children''s positive associations regarding sponsors are likely to be linked to brand preferences and usage.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111403 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Khambalia, A Z
%A Dickinson, S
%A Hardy, L L
%A Gill, T
%A Baur, L A
%T A synthesis of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of school-based behavioural interventions for controlling and preventing obesity.
%B Obesity Reviews
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 13
%N 3
%P 214-233
%@ 1467-789X
%X Schools are an attractive and popular setting for implementing interventions for children. There is a growing body of empirical research exploring the efficacy of school-based obesity prevention programs. While there have been several reviews on the topic, findings remain mixed. To examine the quality of evidence and compare the findings from existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of school-based programs in the prevention and control of childhood obesity. This paper systematically appraises the methodology and conclusions of literature reviews examining the effectiveness of school-based obesity interventions published in English in peer-reviewed journals between January 1990 and October 2010. Eight reviews were examined, three meta-analyses and five systematic reviews. All of the reviews recognized that studies were heterogeneous in design, participants, intervention and outcomes. Intervention components in the school setting associated with a significant reduction of weight in children included long-term interventions with combined diet and physical activity and a family component. Several reviews also found gender differences in response to interventions. Of the eight reviews, five were deemed of high quality and yet limited evidence was found on which to base recommendations. As no single intervention will fit all schools and populations, further high-quality research needs to focus on identifying specific program characteristics predictive of success.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Tam, Charmaine S
%A Tordjman, Joan
%A Divoux, Adeline
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Cl??ment, Karine
%T Adipose tissue remodeling in children: the link between collagen deposition and age-related adipocyte growth.
%B Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
%D 2012
%C United States
%I The Endocrine Society
%V 97
%N 4
%P 1320-1327
%@ 1945-7197
%X Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is essential for adipose tissue growth and expansion in high fat-fed mice, and there is evidence of fibrosis in adipose tissue in human obesity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110104 60199


%0 Journal Article
%A Damir, Defne
%A Skouteris, Helen
%A Dell'Aquila, Daniela
%A Aksan, Nazan
%A McCabe, Marita P
%A Ricciardelli, Lina A.
%A Milgrom, Jeannette
%A Baur, Louise
%T An observational approach to testing bi-directional parent-child interactions as influential to child eating and weight
%B Early Child Development and Care
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Routledge
%V 182
%N 8
%P 943-950
%@ 0300-4430
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Scully, Maree
%A Wakefield, Melanie
%A Niven, Philippa
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Crawford, David
%A Pratt, Iain S
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Flood, Victoria
%A Morley, Belinda
%A , for the NaSSDA Study Team
%T Association between food marketing exposure and adolescents' food choices and eating behaviors.
%B Appetite
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Elsevier BV
%V 58
%N 1
%P 1-5
%@ 1095-8304
%X The present study examined associations between food marketing exposure and adolescents'' food choices and reported consumption of energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods. A cross-sectional survey of 12,188 Australian secondary students aged 12-17 years was conducted, using a web-based self-report questionnaire. Measures included students'' level of exposure to commercial television and non-broadcast types of food marketing, whether they had tried a new product or requested a product they had seen advertised, and their reported consumption of fast food, sugary drinks and sweet and salty snacks. Results indicated greater exposure to commercial television, print/transport/school food marketing and digital food marketing were all independently associated with students'' food choices. High commercial television viewers (>2h/day) were more likely to report higher consumption of EDNP foods (ORs ranged from 1.31 for fast food to 1.91 for sweet snacks). Some associations between digital food marketing exposure and students'' eating behaviors were found; however, print/transport/school food marketing was only related to sweet snack consumption. These study results suggest that cumulative exposure to television food advertising and other food marketing sources are positively linked to adolescents'' food choices and eating behaviors. Policy changes to restrict food marketing to young people should include both television and non-broadcast media.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Simpson, Judy M
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Awareness of Breastfeeding Recommendations and Duration of Breastfeeding: Findings from the Healthy Beginnings Trial.
%B Breastfeeding Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers
%V 7
%N 4
%P 223-229
%@ 1556-8342
%X Abstract Background: To date, there are no studies examining the role of awareness of the World Health Organization''s breastfeeding recommendation in determining mothers'' breastfeeding decisions and practice. This study sought to determine whether awareness of the recommendation to breastfeed exclusively to age 6 months and intention to meet this recommendation are translated into breastfeeding practice. Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data from 201 first-time mothers who participated in the Healthy Beginnings Trial as a control group. The mothers'' awareness of the breastfeeding recommendation and their intention to meet the recommendation were assessed at baseline antenatally, and breastfeeding duration was assessed at 6 and 12 months postpartum, through telephone and face-to-face interviews, respectively. Logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were conducted. Results: Mothers who knew the recommendation were 26% more likely to initiate breastfeeding (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14 to 1.37, p=0.001) and 34% less likely to have stopped breastfeeding (adjusted hazard ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95, p=0.03) at 12 months than those who did not. Having an intention to meet the recommendation was weakly positively associated with the initiation of breastfeeding only (ARR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.20, p=0.07). Conclusions: Awareness of the breastfeeding recommendation to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months is an independent positive predictor of breastfeeding initiation and duration. Improving mothers'' awareness of the recommendation and strengthening their intention to breastfeed could lead to increased breastfeeding initiation and duration.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Ho, Mandy
%A Garnett, Sarah P
%A Baur, Louise
%A Burrows, Tracy
%A Stewart, Laura
%A Neve, Melinda
%A Collins, Clare
%T Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions in Child Obesity: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.
%B Pediatrics
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Academy of Pediatrics
%V 130
%N 6
%P e1647-1671
%@ 0031-4005
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Simpson, Judy M
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Wardle, Karen
%A Flood, Victoria M
%T Effectiveness of home based early intervention on children's BMI at age 2: randomised controlled trial.
%B BMJ
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 344
%N 
%P e3732
%@ 1756-1833
%X To assess the effectiveness of a home based early intervention on children''s body mass index (BMI) at age 2.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Flood, Vicki
%A Simpson, Judy M
%A Hayes, Alison
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Wardle, Karen
%T Healthy Beginnings Trial Phase 2 study: Follow-up and cost-effectiveness analysis.
%B Contemporary Clinical Trials
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 33
%N 2
%P 396-401
%@ 1559-2030
%X In 2007, we commenced the Healthy Beginnings Trial (HBT) Phase 1 study, which is the first randomised controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of an early childhood obesity intervention in children aged up to 2years. The results were promising with significant improvements in infant feeding practices and a lower mean body mass index (BMI). The aims of this proposed Phase 2 study are to determine if the early intervention will lead to a lower mean BMI, lower screen time, improved dietary behaviours and demonstrated cost-effectiveness of the intervention, in children aged 3?? and 5years.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Crawford, David A
%A Ball, Kylie
%A Cleland, Verity J
%A Campbell, Karen J
%A Timperio, Anna F
%A Abbott, Gavin
%A Brug, Johannes
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Salmon, Jo A
%T Home and neighbourhood correlates of BMI among children living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
%B British Journal of Nutrition
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 107
%N 7
%P 1028-1036
%@ 0007-1145
%X A detailed understanding of the underlying drivers of obesity-risk behaviours is needed to inform prevention initiatives, particularly for individuals of low socioeconomic position who are at increased risk of unhealthy weight gain. However, few studies have concurrently considered factors in the home and local neighbourhood environments, and little research has examined determinants among children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The present study examined home, social and neighbourhood correlates of BMI (kg/m2) in children living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Cross-sectional data were collected from 491 women with children aged 5-12 years living in forty urban and forty rural socioeconomically disadvantaged areas (suburbs) of Victoria, Australia in 2007 and 2008. Mothers completed questionnaires about the home environment (maternal efficacy, perceived importance/beliefs, rewards, rules and access to equipment), social norms and perceived neighbourhood environment in relation to physical activity, healthy eating and sedentary behaviour. Children''s height and weight were measured at school or home. Linear regression analyses controlled for child sex and age. In multivariable analyses, children whose mothers had higher efficacy for them doing physical activity tended to have lower BMI z scores (B = - 0·04, 95 % CI - 0·06, - 0·02), and children who had a television (TV) in their bedroom (B = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·04, 0·44) and whose mothers made greater use of food as a reward for good behaviour (B = 0·05, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·09) tended to have higher BMI z scores. Increasing efficacy among mothers to promote physical activity, limiting use of food as a reward and not placing TV in children''s bedrooms may be important targets for future obesity prevention initiatives in disadvantaged communities.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Flood, Victoria M
%A Rochtchina, Elena
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Smith, Wayne
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Influence of high glycemic index and glycemic load diets on blood pressure during adolescence.
%B Hypertension
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 59
%N 6
%P 1272-1277
%@ 0194-911X
%X We aimed to prospectively examine the association between the glycemic index and glycemic load of foods consumed and the dietary intakes of carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, and principal carbohydrate-containing food groups (eg, breads, cereals, and sugary drinks) with changes in blood pressure during adolescence. A total of 858 students aged 12 years at baseline (422 girls and 436 boys) were examined from 2004-2005 to 2009-2011. Dietary data were assessed from validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured using a standard protocol. In girls, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, parental education, parental history of hypertension, baseline height, baseline blood pressure, change in body mass index, and time spent in physical and sedentary activities, each 1-SD (1-SD=7.10 g/d) increase in baseline dietary intake of total fiber was associated with a 0.96-, 0.62-, and 0.75-mmHg decrease in mean systolic (P=0.02), diastolic (P=0.01), and arterial blood pressures (P=0.002), respectively, 5 years later. In girls, each 1-SD increase in dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, carbohydrate, and fructose was concurrently related to increases of 1.81 (P=0.001), 4.02 (P=0.01), 4.74 (P=0.01), and 1.80 mm Hg (P=0.03) in systolic blood pressure, respectively, >5 years. Significant associations between carbohydrate nutrition variables and blood pressure were not observed among boys. Excessive dietary intake of carbohydrates, specifically from high glycemic index/glycemic load foods, could adversely influence blood pressure, particularly in girls, whereas fiber-rich diets may be protective against elevated blood pressure during adolescence.
%Z FOR Codes: 110201 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Teber, Erdahl
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Influence of parental history of hypertension on screen time and physical activity in young offspring.
%B Journal of Hypertension
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom, United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ltd.
%V 30
%N 2
%P 336-341
%@ 0263-6352
%X Epidemiological data on the relationship between parental hypertension and lifestyle factors among children are limited. We assessed the associations between positive parental history of hypertension with a range of indicators of sedentariness (television viewing, computer and videogame usage) and physical activity (outdoor and indoor activity) among prepubertal children.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A Garnett, Sarah P
%A Campbell, Karen
%A Carver, Alison
%A Torvaldsen, Siranda
%A Steinbeck, Katharine S
%A Cowell, Chris T
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Maternal misconceptions of weight status among Nepean adolescents.
%B Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 112
%N 12
%P 2007-2013
%@ 2212-2672
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111104


%0 Journal Article
%A McPhie, Skye 
%A Skouteris, Helen 
%A Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew 
%A McCabe, Marita
%A Ricciardelli, Lina A. 
%A Milgrom, Jeannette 
%A Baur, Louise
%A Dell'Aquila, Daniela 
%T Maternal predictors of preschool child-eating behaviours, food intake and body mass index: a prospective study
%B Early Child Development and Care
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Routledge
%V 182
%N 8
%P 999-1014
%@ 0300-4430
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111403


%0 Book Section
%A Caterson, Ian
%A Finer, Nicholas
%A Baur, Louise
%A Steinbeck, Katharine
%T Obesity treatment for adults, adolescents and children
%B A Modern Epidemic
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Sydney University Press
%V 
%N 
%P 372-400
%@ 9781920899851
%E Twigg, Stephen
%E Magnusson, Roger S
%E Baur, Louise
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%A Skouteris, Helen
%A McCabe, Marita
%A Ricciardelli, Lina A
%A Milgrom, Jeannette
%A Baur, Louise
%A Aksan, Nazan
%A Dell'Aquila, Daniela
%T Parent-child interactions and obesity prevention: a systematic review of the literature
%B Early Child Development and Care
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Routledge
%V 182
%N 2
%P 153-174
%@ 0300-4430
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Burlutsky, George
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents.
%B Pediatrics
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Academy of Pediatrics
%V 130
%N 1
%P e167-e174
%@ 0031-4005
%X OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviors (television viewing, computer and video-game usage, and reading) with health-related QoL.METHODS:Of 2353 children surveyed (median age: 12.7 years), 1216 were resurveyed 5 years later, and 475 were newly recruited into the study (N = 1691). Children completed detailed activity questionnaires. Health-related QoL was assessed by using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).RESULTS:Cross-sectionally, after multivariable adjustment, adolescents in the highest versus lowest tertile of time spent in outdoor physical activity and television viewing had a higher (P(trend) = .001) and lower (P(trend) = .0003) total PedsQL score, respectively. Adolescents who remained in the highest tertiles compared with those in the lowest tertiles of total physical activity over the 5 years had significantly higher scores in the following areas: total (P(trend) = .04), physical summary (P(trend) = .0001), and social (P(trend) = .02) domains. Conversely, those in the highest versus lowest tertile of screen-viewing time during follow-up reported significantly lower values in the following areas: total score (6.34-unit difference), physical summary (4.86-unit difference), psychosocial summary (7.09-unit difference), and emotional (8.33-unit difference) and school (9.78-unit difference) domains.CONCLUSIONS:Regular physical activity over the long-term was associated with higher perceived health-related QoL among adolescents. Conversely, lower PedsQL scores were observed among those who spent the most time in screen-viewing activities. Improved understanding of these relationships could help in developing interventions to promote general well-being among adolescents.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111716 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Skouteris, Helen
%A Dell'Aquila, Daniela
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Dwyer, Genevieve M
%A McCabe, Marita P
%A Ricciardelli, Lina A
%A Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
%T Physical activity guidelines for preschoolers: a call for research to inform public health policy.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 196
%N 3
%P 174-177
%@ 1326-5377
%X There are many challenges in developing evidence-based physical activity guidelines for preschoolers that can ensure health benefits for children. Guidelines for the preschool years have recently been developed in several countries, but there are notable inconsistencies in the amount of physical activity regarded as sufficient for this age group. Given the currently high prevalence of childhood obesity, there is an urgent need for evidence-based studies to inform the development of community-targeted programs to ensure healthy levels of physical activity in young children. Our article outlines the global recommendations for physical activity for children ? 5 years of age. We identify gaps in the literature and suggest recommendations for future research and public health policy.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712 111704


%0 Journal Article
%A Mitchell, Jessica
%A Skouteris, Helen
%A McCabe, Marita
%A Ricciardelli, Lina A
%A Milgrom, Jeannette
%A Baur, Louise
%A Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
%A Dwyer, Genevieve
%T Physical activity in young children:a systematic review of parental
influences
%B Early Child Development and Care
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Routledge
%V 182
%N 11
%P 1411-1437
%@ 0300-4430
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cliff, Dylan P
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Morgan, Philip J
%A Jones, Rachel A
%A Steele, Julie R
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Proficiency Deficiency: Mastery of Fundamental Movement Skills and Skill Components in Overweight and Obese Children.
%B Obesity
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 20
%N 5
%P 1024-1033
%@ 1930-7381
%X The purpose of this observational study was to compare the mastery of 12 fundamental movement skills (FMS) and skill components between a treatment-seeking sample of overweight/obese children and a reference sample from the United States. Mastery of six locomotor and six object-control skills (24 components in each subdomain) were video-assessed by one assessor using the test of gross motor development-2 (TGMD-2). The 153 overweight/obese children (mean ?? s.d. age = 8.3 ?? 1.1 years, BMI z-score = 2.78 ?? 0.69, 58% girls, 77% obese) were categorized into age groups (for the underhand roll and strike: 7-8 years and 9-10 years; all other FMS: 6-7 years and 8-10 years) and mastery prevalence rates were compared with representative US data (N = 876) using ??(2) analysis. For all 12 skills in all age groups, the prevalence of mastery was lower among overweight/obese children compared with the reference sample (all P < 0.05). This was consistent for 18 locomotor and upto 21 object-control skill components (all P < 0.05). Differences were largest for the run, slide, hop, dribble, and kick. Specific movement patterns that could be targeted for improvement include positioning of the body and feet, the control or release of an object at an optimal position, and better use of the arms to maintain effective force production during the performance of FMS. Physical activity programs designed for overweight and obese children may need to address deficiencies in FMS proficiency to foster the movement capabilities required for participation in health-enhancing physical activity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110603


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nguyen, Binh
%A McGregor, Kristy A
%A O'Connor, Janice
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A Lee, Anthea
%A Steinbeck, Katharine S
%A Hill, Andrew J
%A Shah, Smita
%A Kohn, Michael R
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Recruitment challenges and recommendations for adolescent obesity trials.
%B Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom, Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 48
%N 1
%P 38-43
%@ 1034-4810
%X To report our experiences with recruiting overweight and obese 13- to 16-year-olds for the Loozit® weight management randomised control trial (RCT) and to identify effective strategies for recruiting adolescents from the community to a treatment trial.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, B
%A Baur, L A
%A Hardy, L L
%A Kifley, A
%A Rose, K A
%A Wong, T Y
%A Mitchell, P
%T Relationship between a range of sedentary behaviors and blood pressure during early adolescence.
%B Journal of Human Hypertension
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 26
%N 6
%P 350-356
%@ 1476-5527
%X Very few studies have explored links between physical activity, sedentary behaviors and blood pressure (BP) in early adolescence. We aimed to assess the association between a range of sedentary activities (screen time, television (TV) viewing, computer usage, video game usage and time spent in homework or reading) and BP in schoolchildren. Eligible year-7 students (2353/3144, mean age 12.7 years) from a random cluster sample of 21 Sydney schools were examined during 2003-2005. Parents and children completed detailed questionnaires of activity. BP was measured using a standard protocol and high BP was defined using published guidelines. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) calculated. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, parental education, height, BMI and time spent in physical activity, each hour per day spent in screen time, watching TV and playing video games was associated with a significant increase in diastolic BP of 0.44 (P=0.0001), 0.99 (P<0.0001) and 0.64???mm???Hg (P=0.04), respectively. In contrast, each hour per day spent reading was associated with a decrease of 0.91 (P=0.01) and 0.69???mm???Hg (P=0.02) in systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Our results indicate that addressing different types of sedentary activities could be a potentially important strategy to reduce the prevalence of elevated BP in children.Journal of Human Hypertension advance online publication, 26 May 2011; doi:10.1038/jhh.2011.40.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 110299


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Subramanian, Indhu
%A Flood, Victoria M
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Pfund, Natalie
%A Burlutsky, George
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Relationship between breast-feeding and adiposity in infants and pre-school children.
%B Public Health Nutrition
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 15
%N 9
%P 1639-1644
%@ 1368-9800
%X OBJECTIVES: We aimed to establish associations of duration of breast-feeding with mean BMI and waist circumference, as well as the likelihood of being overweight/obese, during early childhood. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based study. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and BMI calculated. Interviewer-administered questionnaire determined whether the child was ever breast-fed and the duration of breast-feeding. SETTING: Sydney, Australia. SUBJECTS: Infants and pre-school children (n 2092) aged 1-6 years were examined in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study during 2007-2009. RESULTS: Of the children aged 1-6 years, 1270 had been breast-fed compared with 822 who were never breast-fed. After multivariable adjustment, 1-6-year-old children who were ever breast-fed compared with those who were not had significantly lower BMI, 16??7 (se 0??1) kg/m2 v. 17??1 (se 0??2) kg/m2 (P = 0??01). Decreasing BMI was associated with increasing duration of breast-feeding (Ptrend = 0??002). After multivariable adjustment, each month increase in breast-feeding was associated with an average BMI decrease of 0??04 kg/m2 (P = 0??002) and 0??03 kg/m2 (P = 0??03) among children aged 1-2 years and 3-4 years, respectively. In 1-2-year-old children, each month increase in breast-feeding duration was associated with a 0??06 cm decrease in waist circumference (P = 0??04). Significant associations were not observed among 5-6-year-old children. Children who were ever breast-fed v. those never breast-fed were less likely to be overweight/obese (multivariable-adjusted OR = 0??54; 95 % CI 0??36, 0??83). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a modest influence of breast-feeding on children''s BMI during early childhood, particularly among those aged less than 5 years.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Laws, Rachel
%A St George, Alexis
%A Hector, Debra
%A Milat, Andrew J
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Research to practice: application of an evidencebuilding framework to a childhood obesity prevention initiative in New South Wales.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 23
%N 1
%P 16-24
%@ 1036-1073
%X Issue addressed: Building evidence-based health promotion programs involves a number of steps. This paper aims to develop a set of criteria for assessing the evidence available according to a five-stage evidence-building framework, and apply these criteria to current child obesity prevention programs in NSW to determine the usefulness of the framework in identifying gaps in evidence and opportunities for future research and evaluation. Methods: A set of scoring criteria were developed for application within the five stages of an ''evidence-building'' framework: problem definition, solution generation, intervention testing (efficacy), intervention replication, and dissemination research. The research evidence surrounding the 10 childhood obesity prevention programs planned for state-wide implementation in the New South Wales Healthy Children Initiative (HCI) was identified and examined using these criteria within the framework. Results: The evidence for the component programs of the HCI is at different stages of development. While problem definition and, to a lesser extent, solution generation was thoroughly addressed across all programs, there were a number of evidence gaps, indicating research opportunities for efficacy testing and intervention replication across a variety of settings and populations. Conclusions: The five-stage evidence-building framework helped identify important research and evaluation opportunities that could improve health promotion practice in NSW. More work is needed to determine the validity and reliability of the criteria for rating the extent and quality of the evidence for each stage.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111708 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T Restricting unhealthy food sponsorship: Attitudes of the sporting community.
%B Health Policy
%D 2012
%C Ireland
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 104
%N 3
%P 288-295
%@ 1872-6054
%X OBJECTIVES: Sponsorship is recognised as a significant marketing tool and restricting unhealthy food sponsorship of children''s sport has been recommended by leading health agencies as a contribution towards preventing childhood obesity. This study aimed to determine the junior sporting community''s support for policy interventions to restrict unhealthy food sponsorship. METHODS: Sports clubs known to have food sponsors and representing the most popular sports for Australian children across a range of demographic areas were recruited. Interview-based questionnaires were conducted at clubs with parents (n=200) and officials (n=20), and with governing sporting associations (n=20). Questionnaires measured respondents'' attitudes towards sponsorship and support for sponsorship regulations. RESULTS: Many officials and parents perceived children to be ''very'' influenced by elite sport sponsorship (65% of association officials, 53% of parents and 45% of club officials). Children were thought to be less influenced by sponsorship of their own sporting clubs (10%, 11% and 10%, respectively). However, 50% of officials and 70% of parents supported restrictions to children''s sport sponsorship. Respondents were most supportive of restricting the use of unhealthy food logos on children''s uniforms. CONCLUSIONS: Restricting unhealthy food sponsorship is supported by the sporting community and policy change is needed to reduce the perceived impact of this marketing. Alternative funding mechanisms have the potential to maintain sport funding whist reducing promotional opportunities for unhealthy food.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111712 111104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hardy, L L
%A Cosgrove, C
%A King, L
%A Venugopal, K
%A Baur, L A
%A Gill, T
%T Shifting curves? Trends in thinness and obesity among Australian youth, 1985 to 2010.
%B Pediatric Obesity
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 7
%N 2
%P 92-100
%@ 2047-6310
%X To describe 25-year trends in the prevalence of ???Grade 2 thinness and obesity among Australian children by sex, age and socioeconomic (SES) background.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Burlutsky, George
%A Robaei, Dana
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Socio-economic, familial and perinatal factors associated with obesity in Sydney schoolchildren.
%B Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 48
%N 1
%P 44-51
%@ 1034-4810
%X Aim:??? To examine associations between socio-economic, familial and perinatal factors with overweight/obesity in 6- and 12-year-old schoolchildren. Methods:??? Eligible year-1 (1765/2238, mean age 6.7???years) and year-7 students (2353/3144, mean age, 12.7???years) from a random cluster sample of 55 Sydney schools were examined during 2003-2005. Height, weight and body mass index were measured. Overweight or obesity was classified using International Obesity Task Force cut points. Information about each child''s socio-demographic status, familial and perinatal information was sought in parental questionnaires. Results:??? After multivariate adjustment, lower parental education was significantly associated with prevalent overweight and obesity in 6-year-old children, odds ratio (OR) 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.01) and OR 2.16 (CI 1.34-4.13), respectively. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with a higher likelihood of being obese among both 6- and 12-year-old children, OR 1.90 (CI 1.05-3.46) and OR 1.78 (CI 1.22-2.61). Population attributable risk estimates indicate that 14.9% and 10.1% of prevalent cases of obesity in 12-year-old children may be attributable to being: an only child or a heavy newborn, respectively. Conclusions:??? We show interdependent relationships between socio-economic, familial and perinatal factors and childhood weight status. Improved understanding of these pathways may help in developing childhood obesity prevention strategies.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nguyen, Binh
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A O'Connor, Janice
%A Steinbeck, Katharine S
%A Lee, Anthea
%A Hill, Andrew J
%A Shah, Smita
%A Kohn, Michael R
%A Torvaldsen, Siranda
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Twelve-month outcomes of the loozit randomized controlled trial: a community-based healthy lifestyle program for overweight and obese adolescents.
%B Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Medical Association
%V 166
%N 2
%P 170-177
%@ 1538-3628
%X To assess the outcomes of the Loozit adolescent weight management intervention and to evaluate the effect of additional therapeutic contact 12 months into the program.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Poulton, Alison
%A Briody, Julie
%A McCorquodale, Thomas
%A Melzer, Elaine
%A Herrmann, Markus
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Duque, Gustavo
%T Weight loss on stimulant medication: how does it affect body composition and bone metabolism? -- A prospective longitudinal study.
%B International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 2012
%N 1
%P 30
%@ 1687-9848
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Morley, Belinda C
%A Scully, Maree L
%A Niven, Philippa H
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Pratt, Iain S
%A Wakefield, Melanie A
%A , NaSSDA Study Team
%T What factors are associated with excess body weight in Australian secondary school students?
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 196
%N 3
%P 189-192
%@ 1326-5377
%X To examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian secondary school students and identify factors associated with excess adiposity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111706 111199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T "Food company sponsors are kind, generous and cool": (Mis)conceptions of junior sports players.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 8
%N 1
%P 95
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT:  BACKGROUND: Children''s exposure to unhealthy food marketing influences their food knowledge, preferences and consumption. Sport sponsorship by food companies is widespread and industry investment in this marketing is increasing. This study aimed to assess children''s awareness of sport sponsors and their brand-related attitudes and purchasing intentions in response to this marketing. METHODS: Sports clubs known to have food sponsors and representing the most popular sports for Australian children across a range of demographic areas were recruited. Interview-based questionnaires were conducted at clubs with children aged 10-14 years (n = 103) to examine their recall of local sports club and elite sport sponsors, and their attitudes towards sponsors and sponsorship activities. RESULTS: Most children (68%) could recall sponsors of their sports club, naming a median of two sponsors, including a median of one food company sponsor each. Almost half (47%) of children could recall any sponsors of their favourite elite sporting team. Children aged 10-11 years were more likely than older children to report that they thought about sponsors when buying something to eat or drink (P < 0.01); that they liked to return the favour to sponsors by buying their products (P < 0.01); and that sponsors were ''cool'' (P = 0.02). Most children had received a voucher or certificate from a food or beverage company to reward sport performance (86% and 76%, respectively). Around one-third of children reported liking the company more after receiving these rewards. CONCLUSIONS: Children''s high recall of food and beverage company sport sponsors and their positive attitudes towards these sponsors and their promotions is concerning as this is likely to be linked to children''s food preferences and consumption. Limiting children''s exposure to this marketing is an important initiative to improve children''s nutrition.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Magarey, Anthea M
%A Perry, Rebecca A
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Steinbeck, Katharine S
%A Sawyer, Michael
%A Hills, Andrew P
%A Wilson, Gizelle
%A Lee, Anthea
%A Daniels, Lynne A
%T A parent-led family-focused treatment program for overweight children aged 5 to 9 years: the PEACH RCT.
%B Pediatrics
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Academy of Pediatrics
%V 127
%N 2
%P 214-222
%@ 0031-4005
%X To evaluate a healthy lifestyle intervention to reduce adiposity in children aged 5 to 9 years and assess whether adding parenting skills training would enhance this effect.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nguyen, B
%A Kornman, K P
%A Baur, L A
%T A review of electronic interventions for prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in young people.
%B Obesity Reviews
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 12
%N 5
%P e298-e314
%@ 1467-789X
%X The objective of this systematic review is to provide a qualitative comparison of interactive electronic media interventions for the prevention or treatment of obesity and/or obesity-related behaviours in children and adolescents. Literature searches of 12 databases from the earliest publication date until March 2010 were conducted. Twenty-four studies in which children and/or adolescents interacted with electronic interventions delivered as adjunct or sole interventions for the prevention or treatment of obesity and/or obesity-related behaviours met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen focussed on obesity prevention and nine on treatment interventions. The average study quality design score was 45%. Most studies demonstrated some form of significant outcome (e.g. reported changes in dietary and/or physical activity behaviours) in participants receiving interactive electronic interventions, with 11 out of 15 studies leading to positive changes in measured or reported adiposity outcomes. In 87% of studies, the effects of interactive electronic interventions were not separately evaluated from other intervention components. These results should be viewed with caution because of the overall poor quality of the studies. Studies were mostly conducted in the USA, largely in minority populations, and the direct transferability of interventions to other populations is unclear. Further high quality research is needed in this area to accurately inform the evidence base.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111199


%0 Journal Article
%A Dixon, John B
%A Fitzgerald, Dominic
%A Kow, Lilian
%A Bailey, Deborah
%A Baur, Louise
%T Adolescent bariatric surgery: ANZ guidance and recommendations
%B ANZ Journal of Surgery
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 81
%N 12
%P 854–855
%@ 1445-2197
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110323 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Tam, Charmaine S
%A Heilbronn, Leonie K
%A Henegar, Corneliu
%A Wong, Melanie
%A Cowell, Christopher T
%A Cowley, Mark J
%A Kaplan, Warren
%A Clément, Karine
%A Baur, Louise A
%T An early inflammatory gene profile in visceral adipose tissue in children.
%B International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 6
%N 2-2
%P e360-3
%@ 1747-7174
%X The aim of this study was to characterize expression profiles of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children. Adipose tissue samples were collected from children having elective surgery (n = 71, [54 boys], 6.0 ?? 4.3 years). Affymetrix microarrays (n = 20) were performed to characterize the functional profile and identify genes of interest in adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue had an overrepresentation of Gene Ontology themes related to immune and inflammatory responses and subcutaneous adipose tissue had an overrepresentation of themes related to adipocyte growth and development. Likewise, qPCR performed in the whole cohort showed a 30-fold increase in haptoglobin (P = 0.005), 7-fold increase in IL-10 (P < 0.001), 8-fold decrease in VEGF (P = 0.01) and a 28-fold decrease in TBOX15 (P < 0.001) in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. The inflammatory pattern in visceral adipose tissue may represent an early stage of the adverse effects of this depot, and combined with chronic obesity, may contribute to increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 60405


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Hazelton, Briony
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%T Assessment and management of obesity in childhood and adolescence.
%B Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 8
%N 11
%P 635-45
%@ 1759-5053
%X The increased prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence highlights the need for effective treatment approaches. Initial assessments of these patients should include taking a careful history (investigating comorbidities, family history and potentially modifiable behaviors) and physical examination with BMI plotted on a BMI-for-age chart. The degree of investigation is dependent on the patient''s age and severity of obesity, the findings on history and physical examination, and associated familial risk factors. There are several broad principles of conventional management: management of comorbidities; family involvement; taking a developmentally appropriate approach; the use of a range of behavior change techniques; long-term dietary change; increased physical activity; and decreased sedentary behaviors. Orlistat can be useful as an adjunct to lifestyle changes in severely obese adolescents and metformin can be used in older children and adolescents with clinical insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery should be considered in those who are severely obese, with recognition of the need for management in centers with multidisciplinary weight management teams and for surgery to be performed in tertiary institutions experienced in bariatric surgery. Finally, given the high prevalence and chronic nature of obesity, coordinated models of care for health-service delivery for the management of pediatric obesity are needed.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 111101


%0 Book Section
%A Minshall, Gerri A.
%A Davies, Fiona
%A Baur, Louise
%T Behavior Modification in Pediatric Obesity
%B Management of Pediatric Obesity
and Diabetes
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Springer Science + Business Media
%V 
%N 
%P 201-220
%@ 9781603272551
%E Ferry, Robert J.
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Garnett, Sarah
%A Pfund, Natalie
%A Burlutsky, George
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Body mass index and waist circumference are associated with blood pressure in preschool-aged children.
%B Annals of Epidemiology
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 21
%N 5
%P 351-357
%@ 1873-2585
%X Population-derived data on the association between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) during early childhood are lacking. We investigated the association between BMI, waist circumference, and BP among preschool-aged children.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Changing perceptions of obesity--recollections of a paediatrician.
%B Lancet
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I The Lancet Publishing Group
%V 378
%N 9793
%P 762-763
%@ 0140-6736
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111499 110306 111799


%0 Journal Article
%A Alexander, SM
%A Baur, Louise
%A Burrell, S
%A Chisholm, K
%A Henderson, J
%A Hoffman, R
%A Knott, S
%A Minshall, G
%A Rao, SJ
%A Sampson, S
%T Child and adolescent obesity
%B Australian Doctor
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Reed Business Information Pty Ltd.
%V July 2011
%N 
%P 31-38
%@ 1039-7116
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Simpson, Judy M
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Flood, Victoria M
%T Effectiveness of an early intervention on infant feeding practices and "tummy time": a randomized controlled trial.
%B Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Medical Association
%V 165
%N 8
%P 701-707
%@ 1538-3628
%X To assess the effectiveness of a home-based early intervention on infant feeding practices and "tummy time" for infants in the first year of life.
%Z FOR Codes: 111499 111712 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Carter, Stacy M
%A Rychetnik, Lucie
%A Lloyd, Beverley
%A Kerridge, Ian H
%A Baur, Louise
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Hooker, Claire
%A Zask, Avigdor
%T Evidence, ethics, and values: a framework for health promotion.
%B American Journal of Public Health
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Public Health Association
%V 101
%N 3
%P 465-472
%@ 1541-0048
%X We propose a new approach to guide health promotion practice. Health promotion should draw on 2 related systems of reasoning: an evidential system and an ethical system. Further, there are concepts, values, and procedures inherent in both health promotion evidence and ethics, and these should be made explicit. We illustrate our approach with the exemplar of intervention in weight, and use a specific mass-media campaign to show the real-world dangers of intervening with insufficient attention to ethics and evidence. Both researchers and health promotion practitioners should work to build the capacities required for evidential and ethical deliberation in the health promotion profession.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T Food and drink sponsorship of children's sport: who pays?
%B Health Promotion International
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom, France
%I Oxford University Press
%V 26
%N 22
%P 188-195
%@ 0957-4824
%X The creation of health promoting sports clubs may support the promotion and adoption of healthy behaviours by children. Sponsorship is one aspect of clubs, with potential influence on clubs and their participants. In particular, sponsorship influences brand awareness and attitudes, so that the sponsorship of children''s sport by unhealthy food companies may contribute to food preferences and poor eating habits. This study aimed to determine the nature and extent of food and beverage sponsorship of children''s sport. Sports clubs (n = 108) for the nine most popular sports for children aged 5-14 were randomly sampled from three large geographical areas in Australia. A purpose-designed telephone questionnaire was developed to determine the extent of sponsorship. Experts from different fields were approached (n = 10) to generate a consensus on the elements of sponsors that are more/less health promoting. The survey response rate was 99%. Of the 347 sponsors identified, 17% were food or beverage companies. Fifty percent of food company sponsorship arrangements did not meet criteria for healthy sponsors. For most clubs, less than a quarter of their income came from sponsorship. A considerable proportion of clubs with food company sponsors had the company''s signage on players'' uniforms (53%), distributed rewards using the company''s name (24%) or gave vouchers to players for the company''s products (29%). Any restriction of unhealthy food and beverage company sponsorship of children''s sport may not result in major funding difficulties for clubs, as this funding represents a relatively small proportion of their income base, even though it provides major promotional opportunities to sponsors.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Wang, Jie Jin
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Teber, Erdahl
%A Kifley, Annette
%A Wong, Tien Y
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Influence of physical activity and screen time on the retinal microvasculature in young children.
%B Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 31
%N 5
%P 1233-1239
%@ 1524-4636
%X It is not clear whether physical activity and sedentary behavior affect retinal microvascular caliber. We investigated associations among physical activity (outdoor and indoor sporting activities), sedentary behaviors (including screen time, television [TV] viewing, and computer and videogame usage), and retinal microvascular caliber in schoolchildren.
%Z FOR Codes: 111301 111403 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A McPhie, Skye
%A Skouteris, Helen
%A McCabe, Marita
%A Ricciardelli, Lina A
%A Milgrom, Jeannette
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Aksan, Nazan
%A Dell'aquila, Daniela
%T Maternal correlates of preschool child eating behaviours and body mass index: a cross-sectional study.
%B International Journal of Pediatric Obesity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 6
%N 5-6
%P 476-480
%@ 1747-7174
%X To the authors'' knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate maternal child feeding practices, maternal parenting characteristics and mother-child interactions as cross-sectional predictors of child eating and/or weight within the one sample. Maternal pressure for her child to eat was a significant positive correlate of fussiness and a negative correlate of enjoyment. Maternal parenting warmth was associated negatively with child BMIz, while mother-child dysfunctional interaction was associated positively with child BMIz. Our findings suggest that childhood obesity research may be better informed by evaluating not just what mothers do (feeding practices) but also how they parent (parenting behaviours and interactions with their child). Longitudinal studies are needed to identify causal influences of parenting on preschool child eating and weight.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li M
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Simpson, Judy M
%A Lee, Eric
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Maternal smoking, weight status and dietary behaviours during pregnancy: findings from first-time mothers in south-west Sydney, Australia.
%B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 51
%N 1
%P 31-37
%@ 1479-828X
%X Few studies have been conducted examining the relationship between maternal smoking, weight status and dietary behaviours during pregnancy.
%Z FOR Codes: 111404 111712 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Riddiford-Harland, Diane L
%A Steele, Julie R
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Medial midfoot fat pad thickness and plantar pressures: are these related in children?
%B International Journal of Pediatric Obesity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 6
%N 3-4
%P 261-266
%@ 1747-7174
%X Previous research has shown that obese children have thicker plantar fat pads compared to non-obese children. As it is uncertain how this thickness influences dynamic foot function, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between dynamic plantar pressures generated beneath the feet of school-aged children and their medial midfoot fat pad thickness measures.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110318


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cliff, Dylan P
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Morgan, Philip J
%A Steele, Julie R
%A Jones, Rachel A
%A Colyvas, Kim
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Movement Skills and Physical Activity in Obese Children: Randomized Controlled Trial.
%B Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 43
%N 1
%P 90-100
%@ 0195-9131
%X PURPOSE:: To evaluate the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support (HIKCUPS) physical activity program in overweight children. METHODS:: A multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with three intervention arms: (1) child-centered physical activity skill development program (Activity); (2) parent-centered dietary modification program (Diet); or (3) both programs combined (Activity+Diet). Movement skill proficiency, perceived athletic competence, accelerometer-assessed physical activity and parent-reported time spent in screen behaviors were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months in 165 pre-pubertal children aged 5.5-9 years (59% girls, 78% obese). Differences in changes in outcomes between groups were assessed using linear mixed models. RESULTS:: Compared to the Diet group, the Activity (mean [95% confidence interval]) (+7.7 [3.8 to 11.6] units) and Activity+Diet (+6.7 [2.9 to 10.5] units) groups displayed 11-13% greater improvement in overall movement skill proficiency (gross motor quotient) at 6 months. Perceived athletic competence increased across groups at follow-ups (across groups: 6 months = +0.21 [0.11 to 0.31] units, 12 months = +0.21 [0.07 to 0.35] units). Groups did not differ statistically for change in physical activity outcomes. Total screen time (min.week) decreased in all groups at 6 months (across groups: -385.4 [-501.0 to -269.8]) and in the Activity (-261.8 [-470.5 to -53.1]) and Activity+Diet groups (-340.5 [-534.6 to -146.4]) at 12 months. The Diet group reported greater reductions in TV/DVD viewing time at 6 months compared to the Activity group (248.6 [24.0 to 473.3]). CONCLUSION:: The Activity and Activity+Diet programs were efficacious in improving overweight children''s movement skill proficiency. All programs were efficacious in reducing time spent in screen behaviors. Other correlates may need to be targeted, in addition to movement skills, to increase physical activity among overweight children.
%Z FOR Codes: 111499 110699 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Collins, Clare E
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Morgan, Philip J
%A Jones, Rachel A
%A Burrows, Tracy L
%A Cliff, Dylan P
%A Colyvas, Kim
%A Warren, Janet M
%A Steele, Julie R
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Parent diet modification, child activity, or both in obese children: an RCT.
%B Pediatrics
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Academy of Pediatrics
%V 127
%N 4
%P 619-627
%@ 0031-4005
%X Outcomes of childhood obesity interventions are rarely reported beyond 1 year. We hypothesized that the impact on the BMI z score from a child-centered physical-activity program in combination with a parent-centered dietary-modification program would be greater than either program conducted alone at 24 months'' after baseline.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Wang, Jie Jin
%A Teber, Erdahl
%A Wong, Tien Y
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Parental History of Hypertension Is Associated With Narrower Retinal Arteriolar Caliber in Young Girls.
%B Hypertension
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 58
%N 3
%P 425-30
%@ 0194-911X
%X We aimed to assess the associations between parental history of hypertension and indicators of cardiovascular risk (retinal vessel diameter, presence of obesity, and elevated blood pressure) in prepubertal children. There were 1739 (77.7% of those eligible) 6-year-old students (863 girls and 876 boys) who were examined from a random cluster sample of 34 Sydney schools. Parents completed questionnaires about their medical conditions, including whether they have/had hypertension. Retinal images were taken with a digital fundus camera, and retinal vessel caliber was quantified using computer software. Anthropometric (height, weight, percentage of body fat, and body mass index) and blood pressure measures were collected. There were 160 children (9.2%) with a positive parental history of hypertension (either biological mother and/or father). Children with a positive versus negative parental history of hypertension had significantly higher body mass index (16.8 versus 16.5 kg/m(2); P=0.04) and systolic blood pressure (101.3 versus 99.8 mm Hg; P=0.01). Girls with positive versus negative parental history of hypertension had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (???3.1 mm Hg; P=0.01) and narrower retinal arteriolar caliber (???4.3 ??m; P=0.0004). Positive parental history of hypertension was not associated with mean retinal vascular caliber among boys. We show that a positive parental history of hypertension in healthy prepubertal girls, but not boys, is associated with narrower retinal arteriolar vessels, likely conveying a predisposition to develop hypertension later in life. These findings may indicate the need for cardiovascular disease prevention measures starting early in life among offspring of hypertensive parents.
%Z FOR Codes: 111301 111403 110201


%0 Journal Article
%A Fraser, Josephine
%A Skouteris, Helen
%A McCabe, Marita
%A Ricciardelli, Lina A
%A Milgrom, Jeannette
%A Baur, Louise
%T Parental influences on children's weight gain: a systematic review
%B Fathering
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Men''s Studies Press
%V 9
%N 3
%P 252-267
%@ 1537-6680
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Saleh, Shaimaa
%A King, Lesley A
%A Chapman, Kathy
%T Role modelling unhealthy behaviours: food and drink sponsorship of peak sporting organisations.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 22
%N 1
%P 72-75
%@ 1036-1073
%X Organised sport provides an important setting for health promotion. Peak sporting organisations have a role in assisting and overseeing sports clubs, including providing funding opportunities. As such, sponsorship of these organisations may influence the funding of community sport. This study aimed to describe the nature and scope of peak sporting organisations'' sponsorship, and particularly food and beverage company sponsors.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A Nguyen, Binh
%A O'Connor, Janice
%A Steinbeck, Katharine S
%A Lee, Anthea
%A Hill, Andrew J
%A Shah, Smita
%A Kohn, Michael R
%A Torvaldsen, Siranda
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Short-term outcomes of community-based adolescent weight management: The Loozit® Study.
%B BMC Pediatrics
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 13
%@ 1471-2431
%X The Loozit(??) Study is a randomised controlled trial investigating extended support in a 24 month community-based weight management program for overweight to moderately obese, but otherwise healthy, 13 to 16 year olds.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Garnett, S P
%A Baur, L A
%A Cowell, C T
%T The prevalence of increased central adiposity in Australian school children 1985 to 2007.
%B Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 12
%N 11
%P 887-96
%@ 1467-789X
%X The epidemic of obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) maybe plateauing. However, studies using skin-fold and waist circumference measurements suggest that BMI may underestimate changes in fatness in children. In this study we examine changes in waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in Australian children between 1985 and 2007, by undertaking secondary data analysis of three national data sets. The mean waist circumference z-score for boys increased from -0.02 (95% CI -0.05 to 0.01) in 1985, to 0.33 (0.26 to 0.40) in 1995 and 0.41 (0.35 to 0.47) in 2007 and was greater (P<0.001) than the increase in BMI z-score. The increase in mean waist circumference z-score for girls was greater (P<0.001) than boys and increased from -0.02 (0.05 to 0.01) in 1985, to 0.33 (0.26 to 0.41) in 1995 and to 0.57 (0.51 to 0.63) in 2007. The number of children with a WHtR ??? 0.5 increased from 8.6% in 1985, to 13.6% in 1995 and 18.3% in 2007. Between 1985 and 2007 central adiposity increased at a faster rate than total adiposity, particularly in girls. The secular increase in waist circumference and WHtR is concerning as measures of central adiposity are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Shrewsbury, V A
%A Steinbeck, K S
%A Torvaldsen, S
%A Baur, L A
%T The role of parents in pre-adolescent and adolescent overweight and obesity treatment: a systematic review of clinical recommendations.
%B Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 12
%N 10
%P 759-69
%@ 1467-789X
%X The study aims to describe clinical recommendations (i) on the role of parents in both pre-adolescent and adolescent overweight and obesity treatment; (ii) to health professionals on how to involve parents in paediatric overweight and obesity treatment and (iii) to identify deficiencies in the associated literature. A systematic literature review was conducted in March 2010 to identify clinical practice guidelines, position or consensus statements on clinical management of paediatric overweight or obesity, developed by a national or international health professional association or government agency, and endorsed for current use. Relevant clinical recommendations in these documents were identified via a screen for the words ''parent'', ''family'' and synonyms. Twenty documents were included. Most documents emphasized the importance of involving parents or the family in paediatric overweight and obesity treatment with approximately a third of documents providing separate recommendations on the role of parents/family for pre-adolescents and adolescents. The documents varied markedly with regard to the presence of recommendations on parent/family involvement in the various components of lifestyle interventions or bariatric surgery. Almost half of the documents contained recommendations to health professionals regarding interactions with parents. High-quality research is needed on age-specific techniques to optimize the involvement of parents and family members in paediatric overweight and obesity treatment.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bundy, Anita C
%A Naughton, Geraldine
%A Tranter, Paul
%A Wyver, Shirley
%A Baur, Louise
%A Schiller, Wendy
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Engelen, Lina
%A Ragen, Jo
%A Luckett, Tim
%A Niehues, Anita
%A Stewart, Gabrielle
%A Jessup, Glenda
%A Brentnall, Jennie
%T The sydney playground project: popping the bubblewrap - unleashing the power of play: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a primary school playground-based intervention aiming to increase children's physical activity and social skills.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 680
%@ 1471-2458
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Dwyer, Genevieve M
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Peat, Jennifer K
%A Baur, Louise A
%T The validity and reliability of a home environment preschool-age physical activity questionnaire (Pre-PAQ).
%B International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 8
%N 
%P 86
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT:
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110699 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%T Tobacco and alcohol sponsorship of sporting events provide insights about how food and beverage sponsorship may affect children's health.
%B Health Promotion Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australian Health Promotion Association
%V 22
%N 2
%P 91-96
%@ 1036-1073
%X Issue addressed: Determining children''s exposure to food and beverage company sponsorship, and the effect of this exposure, is important in establishing the extent to which there may be health and societal consequences. This paper aimed to provide preliminary evidence on the scope and potential effects on children of unhealthy food and beverage sponsorship. Methods: A review of published literature and media and marketing reports was conducted to determine the types of food and beverage sponsorship campaigns that children are exposed to, and the effect of corporate sponsorship (including tobacco and alcohol) on children and adolescents. Results: A large range of food and beverage sponsorship activities, in Australia and internationally, were identified for both school and sport settings. In particular, food and beverage companies have attempted to develop a marketing presence at all levels of professional and community sport. No information was identified measuring the effect of food and beverage company sponsorship on children and adolescents. However, empirical evidence from consumer studies relating to tobacco and alcohol sponsorship has repeatedly demonstrated that sponsorship has an impact on children''s product recall and product-related attitudes and behavioural intentions. Conclusions: While there is no available research on the direct effect of food and beverage sponsorship, the demonstrated effects of tobacco and alcohol sponsorship on children''s product awareness, preferences and consumption are likely to be applicable to food companies.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Lee, Eric
%A Simpson, Judy M
%T Who is NOT likely to access the Internet for health information? Findings from first-time mothers in southwest Sydney, Australia.
%B International journal of medical informatics
%D 2011
%C Ireland
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 80
%N 6
%P 406-11
%@ 1872-8243
%X This study aimed to explore inequities in access to online health information and its relation to socioeconomic status, and to inform the development of the use of the Internet for health promotion.
%Z FOR Codes: 111404 111712 111709 111404 111712 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hills, Andrew P
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Addressing childhood obesity through increased physical activity.
%B Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 6
%N 10
%P 543-549
%@ 1759-5037
%X Obesity is affecting an increasing proportion of children globally. Despite an appreciation that physical activity is essential for the normal growth and development of children and prevents obesity and obesity-related health problems, too few children are physically active. A concurrent problem is that today''s young people spend more time than previous generations did in sedentary pursuits, including watching television and engaging in screen-based games. Active behavior has been displaced by these inactive recreational choices, which has contributed to reductions in activity-related energy expenditure. Implementation of multifactorial solutions considered to offer the best chance of combating these trends is urgently required to redress the energy imbalance that characterizes obesity. The counterproductive ''shame and blame'' mentality that apportions responsibility for the childhood obesity problem to sufferers, their parents, teachers or health-care providers needs to be changed. Instead, these groups should offer constant support and encouragement to promote appropriate physical activity in children. Failure to provide activity opportunities will increase the likelihood that the children of today will live less healthy (and possibly shorter) lives than their parents.
%Z FOR Codes: 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A King, Lesley A
%A Hattersley, Libby A
%A Howlett, Sarah A
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Adolescent-parent interactions and communication preferences regarding body weight and weight management: a qualitative study.
%B International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 7
%N 
%P 16
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to canvass the nature of adolescent-parent interactions about weight, particularly overweight, and to explore ideas of how to foster supportive discussions regarding weight, both in the home and with family doctors. METHODS: A market research company was contracted to recruit and conduct a series of separate focus groups with adolescents and unrelated parents of adolescents from low-middle socio-economic areas in Sydney and a regional centre, Australia. Group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, and then a qualitative content analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: Nine focus groups were conducted; two were held with girls (n = 13), three with boys (n = 18), and four with parents (20 mothers, 12 fathers). Adolescent and parent descriptions of weight-related interactions could be classified into three distinct approaches: indirect/cautious (i.e. focus on eating or physical activity behaviors without discussing weight specifically); direct/open (i.e. body weight was discussed); and never/rarely discussing the subject. Indirect approaches were described most frequently by both adolescents and parents and were generally preferred over direct approaches. Parents and adolescents were circumspect but generally supportive of the potential role for family doctors to monitor and discuss adolescent weight status. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for developing acceptable messages for adolescent and family overweight prevention and treatment interventions.
%Z FOR Codes: 111704 111403 111199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Riddiford-Harland, D L
%A Steele, J R
%A Baur, L A
%T Are the feet of obese children fat or flat? Revisiting the debate.
%B International journal of obesity (2005)
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 35
%N 1
%P 115-20
%@ 1476-5497
%X There is debate as to the effects of obesity on the developing feet of children. We aimed to determine whether the flatter foot structure characteristic of obese primary school-aged children was due to increased medial midfoot plantar fat pad thickness (fat feet) or due to structural lowering of the longitudinal arch (flat feet).
%Z FOR Codes: 111704 110314


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Wang, Jie J
%A Teber, Erdahl
%A Liew, Gerald
%A Cheung, Ning
%A Wong, Tien Y
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Blood pressure is associated with retinal vessel signs in preadolescent children.
%B Journal of hypertension
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Ltd.
%V 28
%N 7
%P 1406-12
%@ 0263-6352
%X Few studies have examined the effect of blood pressure (BP) on the retinal microvasculature in children. We examined the relationship between BP and retinal vessel caliber in a sample of preadolescent schoolchildren.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 110399


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Sargent, G M
%A Pilotto, L S
%A Baur, L A
%T Components of primary care interventions to treat childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review of effect.
%B Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 12
%N 
%P e219-35
%@ 1467-789X
%X The primary care setting presents an opportunity for intervention of overweight and obese children but is in need of a feasible model-of-care with demonstrated effectiveness. The aims were to (i) identify controlled interventions that treated childhood overweight or obesity in either a primary care setting or with the involvement of a primary healthcare professional and (ii) examine components of those interventions associated with effective outcomes in order to inform future intervention trials in primary care settings. Major health and medicine databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Reviews, CENTRAL, DARE, PsychINFO and ERIC. Articles were excluded if they described primary prevention interventions, involved surgical or pharmacological treatment, were published before 1990 or not published in English. Twenty-two papers describing 17 studies were included. Twelve studies reported at least one significant intervention effect. Comparison of these 12 interventions provides evidence for: training for health professionals before intervention delivery; behaviour change options (including healthy diet, activity and sedentary behaviour); effecting behaviour change via a combination of counselling, education, written resources, support and motivation; and tailoring intensity according to whether behavioural, anthropometric or metabolic changes are the priority. These components are practicable to future intervention studies in primary care.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110399 111717


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Flood, Victoria M
%A Simpson, Judy M
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Dietary behaviours during pregnancy: findings from first-time mothers in southwest Sydney, Australia.
%B The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 7
%N 
%P 13
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Limited prevalence data are available for nutrition related health behaviours during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess dietary behaviours during pregnancy among first-time mothers, and to investigate the relationships between these behaviours and demographic characteristics, so that appropriate dietary intervention strategies for pregnant women can be developed. METHOD: An analysis of cross-sectional survey was conducted using data from 409 first-time mothers at 26-36 weeks of pregnancy, who participated in the Healthy Beginnings Trial conducted in southwestern Sydney, Australia. Dietary behaviours, including consumption of vegetables, fruit, water, milk, soft drinks, processed meat products, fast foods/take away and chips, were assessed using the New South Wales Health Survey questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Factors associated with dietary behaviours were determined by logistic regression modeling. Log-binomial regression was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (ARR). RESULTS: Only 7% of mothers reported meeting the recommended vegetable consumption and 13% reported meeting the recommended fruit consumption. Mean and median intakes per day were 2.3 (SD 1.3) and 2 serves of vegetables, and 2.1 (SD 1.4) and 2 serves of fruit respectively. About one fifth of mothers (21%) reported drinking 2 cups (500 ml) or more of soft drink per day and 12% reported consuming more than 2 meals or snacks from fast-food or takeaway outlets per week. A small percentage of mothers (5%) had experienced food insecurity over the past 12 months. There were significant inverse associations between water and soft drink consumption (Spearman''s rho -0.20, P < 0.001), and between fruit and fast food/takeaway consumption (Spearman''s rho -0.16, P = 0.001). The dietary behaviours were associated with a variety of socio-demographic characteristics, but no single factor was associated with all the dietary behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: There were low reported levels of vegetable and fruit consumption and high reported levels of soft drink and takeaway/fast food consumption among pregnant women. Dietary interventions to prevent adverse health consequences need to be tailored to meet the needs of pregnant women of low socio-economic status in order to improve their own healthy eating behaviors. Increasing water and fruit consumption could lead to reduced consumption of soft drink and takeaway/fast food among pregnant women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: HBT is registered with the Australian Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRNO12607000168459).
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111499 111199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Teber, Erdahl
%A Liew, Gerald
%A Wong, Tien Y
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Effect of obesity on retinal vascular structure in pre-adolescent children.
%B International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 6
%N 2-2
%P e353-9
%@ 1747-7174
%X OBJECTIVES. In adults, obesity is linked to changes in the retinal microvasculature. Limited research has been conducted into this association in children. We examined in a cohort of pre-adolescents the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and retinal vascular structure, including retinal vessel diameter and retinal vessel fractals, a measure of geometric patterns reflecting vessel density.
%Z FOR Codes: 111301 111403 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Czernichow, S
%A Lee, C M Y
%A Barzi, F
%A Greenfield, J R
%A Baur, L A
%A Chalmers, J
%A Woodward, M
%A Huxley, R R
%T Efficacy of weight loss drugs on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
%B Obesity Reviews
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 11
%N 2
%P 150-158
%@ 1467-789X
%X Weight loss drugs have been developed to reduce the comorbidities associated with excess weight. We conducted a meta-analysis of the efficacy of orlistat and sibutramine on weight, body mass index, waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight adolescents. MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles using MESH terms and keywords. Studies were included if they had reported quantitative estimates and standard deviations of the association between each weight loss drug and weight, with information on at least one cardiovascular risk factor. A total of eight trials (three orlistat and five sibutramine) with information on 1391 individuals was included in the present analysis. The mean decrease in weight between the intervention and control groups was 5.25 kg (95% confidence interval: 3.03-7.48) after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. There was evidence of statistical heterogeneity between the studies (I(2) = 76%) that was no longer apparent after exclusion of trials of orlistat (mean weight decrease = 5.32 kg; I(2) = 38%). There was little evidence that treatment was associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular risk factors but this requires verification from future large trials with longer study follow-up.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kornman, Kelly P
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A Chou, Amy C
%A Nguyen, Binh
%A Lee, Anthea
%A O'Connor, Janice
%A Steinbeck, Katharine S
%A Hill, Andrew J
%A Kohn, Michael R
%A Shah, Smita
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Electronic Therapeutic Contact for Adolescent Weight Management: The Loozit((R)) Study.
%B Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers
%V 16
%N 6
%P 678-85
%@ 1556-3669
%X To examine adolescent and facilitator participation in the first 10 months of an obesity management intervention including electronic contact (e-contact) via e-mail and short message service (SMS) communication.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111199 80699 111403 111199 80699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A King, Lesley
%A Chapman, Kathy
%A Smith, Ben J
%T Examining opportunities for promotion of healthy eating at children's sports clubs.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 34
%N 6
%P 583-588
%@ 1326-0200
%X Objective: Australian data indicate that 63% of children participated in sport in 2009, a 4% increase since 2000. Children''s high participation in sport, and the association between sport and health, means that these settings provide an opportunity to promote other aspects of health, such as healthy eating, to children. This study aimed to determine healthy eating practices and policies at children''s sports clubs. Methods: Sports clubs (n=108) for the nine most popular sports for children aged 5 to 14 were randomly sampled from three large geographical areas across one state and one territory in Australia. A purpose-designed telephone questionnaire for sports club officials was developed to determine the food and beverages sold, provided and promoted at sports clubs and the availability of healthy-eating policies. Results: The most frequently sold item at canteens was water, followed by sports drinks, chocolate/confectionery and soft drink. Only 20% of canteens promoted healthy food. Thirty-nine per cent of clubs made recommendations on the food and beverages to be consumed during sport, mostly relating to water consumption. The majority (76%) engaged in fundraising; many in collaboration with chocolate/confectionery companies. Only three clubs had a written policy on healthy eating. Conclusion: Addressing the low uptake of healthy eating policies would be a useful strategy to improve the healthiness of sports clubs. Implications: Policies could seek to reduce the availability and promotion of unhealthy food and beverages through canteens, vending machines and fundraising.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111499 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Simpson, Judy M
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Flood, Victoria M
%T Family Functioning and Obesity Risk Behaviors: Implications for Early Obesity Intervention.
%B Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 19
%N 0
%P 1252-8
%@ 1930-7381
%X Family functioning is found to be associated with overweight and obesity in childhood, but its association with maternal obesity risk behaviors is not clear. This study aimed to investigate whether family functioning is associated with maternal obesity risk behaviors and to inform the development of early obesity interventions. A total of 408 first-time mothers at 24-34 weeks of pregnancy were included in the study. They participated in the Healthy Beginnings Trial (HBT) conducted in southwest Sydney, Australia in 2008. An analysis of cross-sectional baseline data was conducted using ordinal logistic regression modeling. Key measures were assessed using the McMaster Family Assessment Device, and self-reported obesity risk behaviors including excessive consumption of soft drinks, fast food, and excessive small screen time. The study found that 30% of the study population had a family functioning score ???2, indicating unhealthy family functioning. About one-third (36%) of the mothers had more than one obesity risk behavior. Mothers with a family functioning score ???2 were more likely to have more than one obesity risk behavior (47% vs. 32%, P < 0.05) than mothers with a lower score. The proportion of mothers with a family functioning score ???2 increased from 22% to 29% to 39% as the number of maternal obesity risk behaviors increased from 0 to 1 to 2 or more, giving an adjusted proportional odds ratio (AOR) of 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-3.0, P = 0.001). Family functioning is independently associated with the number of maternal obesity risk behaviors after allowing for the effects of maternal age and education. Overweight and obesity interventions should consider addressing family functioning.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Relf, Bronwyn L
%A Larkin, Emma K
%A Torres, Carina DE
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Christodoulou, John
%A Waters, Karen A
%T Genome-wide linkage of obstructive sleep apnoea and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a Filipino family: bivariate linkage analysis of obstructive sleep apnoea.
%B Journal of sleep research
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 19
%N 2
%P 349-57
%@ 1365-2869
%X Increasing evidence supports an association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome (MeS) in both children and adults, suggesting a genetic component. However, the genetic relationship between the diseases remains unclear. We performed a bivariate linkage scan on a single Filipino family with a high prevalence of OSA and MeS to explore the genetic pathways underlying these diseases. A large rural family (n = 50, 50% adults) underwent a 10-cM genome-wide scan. Fasting blood was used to measure insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Attended overnight polysomnography was used to quantify the respiratory disturbance index (RDI), a measure of sleep apnoea. Body mass index z-scores and insulin resistance scores were calculated. Bivariate multipoint linkage analyses were performed on RDI and MeS components. OSA prevalence was 46% (n = 23; nine adults, 14 children) in our participants. MeS phenotype was present in 40% of adults (n = 10) and 48% of children (n = 12). Linkage peaks with a logarithm of odds (LOD) score >3 were demonstrated on chromosome 19q13.4 (LOD = 3.04) for the trait pair RDI and HDL cholesterol. Candidate genes identified in this region include the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes. These genes are associated with modulating inflammatory responses in reaction to cellular stress and initiation of atherosclerotic plaque formation. We have identified a novel locus for genetic links between RDI and lipid factors associated with MeS in a chromosomal region containing genes associated with inflammatory responses.
%Z FOR Codes: 60405 110203


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kelly, Bridget
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Smith, Ben J
%A Saleh, Shaimaa
%A King, Lesley A
%A Chapman, Kathy
%T Health promotion in sport: An analysis of peak sporting organisations' health policies.
%B Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Elsevier Australia
%V 13
%N 6
%P 566-567
%@ 1878-1861
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Tam, Charmaine S
%A Garnett, Sarah P
%A Cowell, Christopher T
%A Heilbronn, Leonie K
%A Lee, Jennifer W
%A Wong, Melanie
%A Baur, Louise A
%T IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in healthy weight and overweight children.
%B Hormone Research in Paediatrics
%D 2010
%C Switzerland
%I S. Karger AG
%V 73
%N 2
%P 128-134
%@ 1663-2826
%X BACKGROUND/AIM: In adults, studies have shown that obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state characterized by altered levels of cytokines. Studies in children have mainly focused on C-reactive protein and adiponectin, and there is limited data for other inflammatory markers in healthy weight and overweight children. The aim of this study was to measure IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in healthy normal weight and overweight children at 8 and 15 years. METHODS: 118 normal weight and overweight children (59 boys) from the Nepean longitudinal study were recruited at age 8 years and followed up at 15 years. Serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were measured at both time-points. RESULTS: At 8 years, we found no significant differences in cytokine levels between normal weight and overweight (owt)/obese (ob) groups. However, at 15 years, owt/ob girls (n = 23) had higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.04), IL-8 (p = 0.04) and IL-10 (p = 0.03) compared to normal weight girls (n = 36), even after adjustment for puberty; no differences were seen in boys. CONCLUSION:The effects of obesity on IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels vary with age and sex, with owt/ob girls at 15 years showing raised IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels compared to healthy weight girls.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110705 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Wake, Melissa
%A Espinel, Paola T
%T Letters to the Editor.
%B Journal of Paediatrics and Child health
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 46
%N 11
%P 696-698
%@ 1034-4810
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111199 111403 110399


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Simpson, Judy M
%A Rissel, Chris
%T Mothers' awareness of their weight status and concern about their children being overweight: findings from first-time mothers in south-west Sydney.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 34
%N 3
%P 293-297
%@ 1326-0200
%X Objective: To assess mothers'' awareness of their weight status and to investigate whether this awareness influences mothers'' concerns about their child being overweight or obese. Design and setting: An analysis of cross-sectional baseline survey data from the Healthy Beginnings Trial conducted in south-west Sydney, NSW. Participants: A total of 667 first-time mothers at 24-36 weeks of pregnancy or within one month after giving birth, who participated in the Healthy Beginnings Trial. Results: Forty per cent of first-time mothers were overweight (24%) or obese (16%). Of these women 49% considered their weight acceptable and 21% had little or no concern about their child being overweight and obese. Concern about her child''s weight was not dependent on the mother''s age, marital status, education, employment, ethnicity or weight status. The only factor associated with concern about children being overweight was the mother''s awareness of her own weight status. Mothers who were unaware of being overweight were twice as likely to be unconcerned about their children being overweight as those who were aware of their weight status (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.29, p=0.009). Conclusions: There was a low level of awareness of mothers'' own weight status, in particular among mothers who were young and less educated. This could lead to a lack of concern about their child being overweight. Implications: Early interventions to prevent childhood overweight and obesity need to improve mothers'' awareness of their own weight status and appropriate concerns about children being overweight or obese.
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111404 111104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Collins, Clare E
%A Morgan, Philip J
%A Jones, Rachel A
%A Warren, Janet M
%A Cliff, Dylan P
%A Burrows, Tracy L
%A Colyvas, Kim
%A Steele, Julie R
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Multi-site randomized controlled trial of a child-centered physical activity program, a parent-centered dietary-modification program, or both in overweight children: the HIKCUPS study.
%B Journal of Pediatrics
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Mosby, Inc
%V 157
%N 3
%P 388-394
%@ 0022-3476
%X OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a child-centered physical activity program, combined with a parent-centered dietary program, was more efficacious than each treatment alone, in preventing unhealthy weight-gain in overweight children. STUDY DESIGN: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial involving 165 overweight/obese 5.5- to 9.9- year-old children. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 interventions: a parent-centered dietary program (Diet); a child-centered physical activity program (Activity); or a combination of both (Diet+Activity). All groups received 10 weekly face-to-face sessions followed by 3 monthly relapse-prevention phone calls. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The primary outcome was change in body mass index z-score at 6 and 12 months (n=114 and 106, respectively). RESULTS: Body mass index z-scores were reduced at 12-months in all groups, with the Diet (mean [95% confidence interval]) (-0.39 [-0.51 to 0.27]) and Diet + Activity (-0.32, [-0.36, -0.23]) groups showing a greater reduction than the Activity group (-0.17 [-0.28, -0.06]) (P=.02). Changes in other outcomes (waist circumference and metabolic profile) were not statistically significant among groups. CONCLUSION: Relative body weight decreased at 6 months and was sustained at 12 months through treatment with a child-centered physical activity program, a parent-centered dietary program, or both. The greatest effect was achieved when a parent-centered dietary component was included.
%Z FOR Codes: 111704 110321


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Tam, C S
%A Clément, K
%A Baur, L A
%A Tordjman, J
%T Obesity and low-grade inflammation: a paediatric perspective.
%B Obesity Reviews
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 11
%N 2
%P 118-126
%@ 1467-789X
%X Childhood obesity is a major public health problem. Low-grade inflammation, a hallmark characterizing adult obesity, may be a pivotal mechanism linking obesity to its numerous systemic complications, with adipose tissue depots secreting and producing inflammatory mediators and visceral fat displaying an increased inflammatory profile. While knowledge is relatively scarce regarding the importance of the adipose tissue inflammation process in children, identifying its contribution in childhood obesity and the associated influences of age, sex, weight status, growth, and adipose depot phenotypes are crucial for understanding physiopathology and implementing early intervention strategies. We review the latest research linking obesity and inflammation in childhood focusing on serum inflammatory markers and the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in improving systemic inflammation. Generally, there are significant correlations between body mass index and increased c-reactive protein and decreased adiponectin levels in children; these levels tend to be improved in interventions resulting in approximately 5% weight loss, regardless of the type or length of intervention. There is a need for further research measuring other inflammatory mediators (e.g. tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, IL-8) and histological studies examining immune cell infiltration in adipose tissue depots in obese children.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110799


%0 Book Section
%A Baur, Louise
%T Physical Activity and Risk of Diabetes in Obese Children
%B Physical Activity and Obesity
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Human Kinetics
%V 
%N 
%P 331-333
%@ 9780736076357
%E Bouchard, Claude
%E Katzmarzyk, Peter
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cleland, Verity
%A Timperio, Anna
%A Salmon, Jo
%A Hume, Clare
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Crawford, David
%T Predictors of time spent outdoors among children: 5-year longitudinal findings.
%B Journal of epidemiology and community health
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ
%V 64
%N 5
%P 400-6
%@ 1470-2738
%X Given the importance of physical activity for health and age-related declines in physical activity, understanding influences on related behaviours, such as time outdoors, is crucial. This study aimed to understand individual, social and physical environmental influences on longitudinal changes in urban children''s time outdoors.
%Z FOR Codes: 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Fitzgerald, Dominic A
%T Recommendations for bariatric surgery in adolescents in Australia and New Zealand.
%B Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 46
%N 12
%P 704-707
%@ 1034-4810
%X The prevalence of severe obesity and associated co-morbidities is increasing in adolescence. Although support for long-term whole-of-family lifestyle change is the mainstay of paediatric obesity treatment, there is increasing recognition of the place of other therapies,including bariatric surgery, in the management of severely obese adolescents. While there are rising numbers of reports of bariatric surgery in adolescents, there are as yet no Australian or New Zealand recommendations available to guide decisions as to which adolescents should receive such surgery and how they should best be managed. This paper presents a summary of the recommendations that are contained within the full position paper developed on behalf of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians Paediatric Policy and Advocacy Committee Working Party on Bariatric Surgery for Adolescents, working in conjunction with the Australia and New Zealand Association of Paediatric Surgeons and the Obesity Surgery Society of Australia and New Zealand.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110399 110323


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Garnett, Sarah P
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Noakes, Manny
%A Steinbeck, Katharine
%A Woodhead, Helen J
%A Burrell, Susie
%A Chisholm, Kerryn
%A Broderick, Carolyn R
%A Parker, Robert
%A De, Sukanya
%A Shrinivasan, Shubha
%A Hopley, Lori
%A Hendrie, Gilly
%A Ambler, Geoffrey R
%A Kohn, Michael R
%A Cowell, Chris T
%T Researching Effective Strategies to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Children and Teenagers - RESIST. A randomised control trial investigating the effects of two different diets on insulin sensitivity in young people with insulin resistance and/or pre-diabetes.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 10
%N 
%P 575
%@ 1471-2458
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Concomitant with the rise in childhood obesity there has been a significant increase in the number of adolescents with clinical features of insulin resistance and prediabetes. Clinical insulin resistance and prediabetes are likely to progress to type 2 diabetes and early atherosclerosis if not targeted for early intervention. There are no efficacy trials of lifestyle intervention in this group to inform clinical practice. The primary aim of this randomised control trial (RCT) is to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of two different structured lifestyle interventions differing in diet composition on insulin sensitivity, in adolescents with clinical insulin resistance and/or prediabetes treated with metformin. METHODS/DESIGN: This study protocol describes the design of an ongoing RCT. We are recruiting 108 (54 each treatment arm) 10 to 17 year olds with clinical features of insulin resistance and/or prediabetes, through physician referral, into a multi-centred RCT. All participants are prescribed metformin and participate in a diet and exercise program. The lifestyle program is the same for all participants except for diet composition. The diets are a high carbohydrate, low fat diet and a moderate carbohydrate, increased protein diet.The program commences with an intensive 3 month dietary intervention, implemented by trained dietitians, followed by a 3 month intensive gym and home based exercise program, supervised by certified physical trainers. To measure the longer term effectiveness, after the intensive intervention trial participants are managed by either their usual physician or study physician and followed up by the study dietitians for an additional 6 months. The primary outcome measure, change in insulin sensitivity, is measured at 3, 6 and 12 months. DISCUSSION: Clinical insulin resistance and prediabetes in the paediatric population are rapidly emerging clinical problems with serious health outcomes. With appropriate management these conditions are potentially reversible or at least their progression can be delayed. This research study is the first trial designed to provide much needed data on the effective dietary management for this cohort. This study will inform clinical practice guidelines for adolescents with clinical insulin resistance and may assist in preventing metabolic complications, type 2 diabetes and early cardiovascular disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration Number ACTRN12608000416392.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Denney-Wilson, Elizabeth
%A Thrift, Aaron P
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Screen time and metabolic risk factors among adolescents.
%B Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
%D 2010
%C United States
%I American Medical Association
%V 164
%N 7
%P 643-649
%@ 1538-3628
%X OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between screen time (ST) (ie, television/DVD/video and computer use) guidelines and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and fatty liver diseases in mid-adolescence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: High schools in Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Grade 10 students (N = 496; 58% boys; mean [SD] age, 15.4 [0.4] years). Main Exposures Body mass index, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory endurance, dietary factors, socioeconomic status, and pubertal status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screen time was categorized as less than 2 hours per day or 2 or more hours per day and calculated for weekday, weekend, and the entire week. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for levels of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucose; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); levels of alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; and blood pressure. Abnormal results were categorized according to published guidelines. RESULTS: Mean ST for all students was 3.1 hours per day and for weekdays and weekend days, 2.6 hours per day and 4.4 hours per day, respectively. Boys were more likely to exceed ST guidelines than girls (odds ratio [OR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67-4.38). There were no significant associations between ST guidelines and metabolic risk factors among girls. After adjusting for potential confounders, boys who exceeded ST guidelines on weekdays were more likely to have elevated HOMA-IR (adjusted OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.11-5.28) and insulin levels (adjusted OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.43-5.23). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent boys with ST of 2 or more hours per day on weekdays have twice the risk of abnormal levels of insulin and HOMA-IR compared with peers with ST less than 2 hours per day on weekdays. These results suggest there is an increased risk of insulin resistance among adolescent boys who do not meet ST guidelines on weekdays.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gill, Timothy P
%A Baur, Louise A
%A King, Lesley A
%T Should health policy focus on physical inactivity rather than obesity? No.
%B BMJ
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BMJ Group
%V 340
%N 
%P c2602
%@ 1468-5833
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gopinath, Bamini
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Wang, Jie Jin
%A Teber, Erdahl
%A Liew, Gerald
%A Cheung, Ning
%A Wong, Tien Y
%A Mitchell, Paul
%T Smaller Birth Size is Associated With Narrower Retinal Arterioles in Early Adolescence.
%B Microcirculation
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
%V 17
%N 8
%P 660-668
%@ 1549-8719
%X Please cite this paper as: Gopinath, Baur, Wang, Teber, Liew, Cheung, Wong and Mitchell (2010). Smaller Birth Size is Associated With Narrower Retinal Arterioles in Early Adolescence. Microcirculation17(8), 660-668. ABSTRACT: Objective:??? In the current study, we aimed to examine the associations of low birth weight with retinal vascular caliber and vascular fractal dimension during early adolescence. Methods:??? A population-based study of 12-year-old schoolchildren (2353/3144 [75.3%]) recruited from a random cluster sample of 21 schools. Birth weight, birth length and head circumference were obtained via parent report of the child''s birth record. Retinal images were taken and vessel diameter and fractal dimension were quantified using validated computer-based methods. Results:??? After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, iris color, axial length, mean arterial blood pressure, prematurity and fellow retinal vascular caliber, children in the lowest quartiles of birth weight had ???2.5?????m narrower mean retinal arteriolar caliber than those in the highest quartiles (p for trend???=???0.001). Associations were observed between shorter birth length and smaller head circumference with narrower retinal arterioles. Smaller head circumference was associated with decreased fractal dimension (p for trend???=???0.03). Conclusions:??? Children with lower birth weight were more likely to have narrower retinal arterioles, while those with smaller head circumference were more likely to have reduced complexity of their retinal microvasculature. These variations in microvascular structure in adolescence could reflect a susceptibility to cardiovascular disease during adulthood, resulting from a disadvantaged growth environment in utero.
%Z FOR Codes: 111301 110201 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Askie, Lisa M
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Campbell, Karen
%A Daniels, Lynne A
%A Hesketh, Kylie
%A Magarey, Anthea
%A Mihrshahi, Seema
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Simes, John
%A Taylor, Barry
%A Taylor, Rachael
%A Voysey, Merryn
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A , EPOCH Collaboration
%T The Early Prevention of Obesity in CHildren (EPOCH) Collaboration - an Individual Patient Data Prospective Meta-Analysis.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 10
%N 
%P 728
%@ 1471-2458
%X Efforts to prevent the development of overweight and obesity have increasingly focused early in the life course as we recognise that both metabolic and behavioural patterns are often established within the first few years of life. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions are even more powerful when, with forethought, they are synthesised into an individual patient data (IPD) prospective meta-analysis (PMA). An IPD PMA is a unique research design where several trials are identified for inclusion in an analysis before any of the individual trial results become known and the data are provided for each randomised patient. This methodology minimises the publication and selection bias often associated with a retrospective meta-analysis by allowing hypotheses, analysis methods and selection criteria to be specified a priori.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712 111704


%0 Book Section
%A Lobstein, Tim
%A Baur, Louise
%A Jackson-Leach, Rachel
%T The childhood obesity epidemic
%B Preventing Childhood Obesity: Evidence Policy and Practice
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 
%N 
%P 3-14
%@ 9781405158893
%E Waters, Elizabeth
%E Swinburn, Boyd A.
%E Seidell, Jacob C.
%E Uauy, Ricardo
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Crawford, D.
%A Cleland, V.
%A Timperio, A.
%A Salmon, J.
%A Andrianopoulos, N.
%A Roberts, R.
%A Giles-Corti, B.
%A Baur, L.
%A Ball, K.
%T The longitudinal influence of home and neighbourhood environments on children''s body mass index and physical activity over 5 years: the CLAN study
%B International Journal of Obesity
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 34
%N 
%P 1177-1187
%@ 0307-0565
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111103


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cleland, Verity
%A Hume, Clare
%A Crawford, David
%A Timperio, Anna
%A Hesketh, Kylie
%A Baur, Louise
%A Welch, Nicky
%A Salmon, Jo
%A Ball, Kylie
%T Urban-rural comparison of weight status among women and children living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 192
%N 3
%P 137-140
%@ 0025-729X
%X To compare the weight status of women and children living in socioeconomically disadvantaged rural and urban neighbourhoods in Victoria.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716


%0 Journal Article
%A Ouellette-Kuntz, Hélène
%A Brown, Hilary K.
%A Baur, Louise
%A Davis, Robert
%A Emerson, Eric
%A Kerr, Mike
%A Meijer, Marijke
%A O’Hara, David O’Hara
%A Proulx, Renée
%A Perry, Jonathan
%A Small, Jacqueline
%A Lantman-de Valk, Henny van Schrojenstein
%T Using a Knowledge Translation Lens to Develop International Collaborations to Improve the Health
of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities
%B Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities
%D 2010
%C United States, Unite
%I Blackwell Publishers
%V 7
%N 4
%P 278–282
%@ 1741-1122
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111703


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A O'Connor, Janice
%A Steinbeck, Katharine S
%A Stevenson, Kate
%A Lee, Anthea
%A Hill, Andrew J
%A Kohn, Michael R
%A Shah, Smita
%A Torvaldsen, Siranda
%A Baur, Louise A
%T A randomised controlled trial of a community-based healthy lifestyle program for overweight and obese adolescents: the Loozit study protocol.
%B BMC Public Health
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 9
%N 0
%P 119
%@ 1471-2458
%X BACKGROUND: There is a need to develop sustainable and clinically effective weight management interventions that are suitable for delivery in community settings where the vast majority of overweight and obese adolescents should be treated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of additional therapeutic contact as an adjunct to the Loozit group program -- a community-based, lifestyle intervention for overweight and lower grade obesity in adolescents. The additional therapeutic contact is provided via telephone coaching and either mobile phone Short Message Service or electronic mail, or both. METHODS AND DESIGN: The study design is a two-arm randomised controlled trial that aims to recruit 168 overweight and obese 13-16 year olds (Body Mass Index z-score 1.0 to 2.5) in Sydney, Australia. Adolescents with secondary causes of obesity or significant medical illness are excluded. Participants are recruited via schools, media coverage, health professionals and several community organisations. Study arm one receives the Loozit group weight management program (G). Study arm two receives the same Loozit group weight management program plus additional therapeutic contact (G+ATC). The ''G'' intervention consists of two phases. Phase 1 involves seven weekly group sessions held separately for adolescents and their parents. This is followed by phase 2 that involves a further seven group sessions held regularly, for adolescents only, until two years follow-up. Additional therapeutic contact is provided to adolescents in the ''G+ATC'' study arm approximately once per fortnight during phase 2 only. Outcome measurements are assessed at 2, 12 and 24 months post-baseline and include: BMI z-score, waist z-score, metabolic profile indicators, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, eating patterns, and psychosocial well-being. DISCUSSION: The Loozit study is the first randomised controlled trial of a community-based adolescent weight management intervention to incorporate additional therapeutic contact via a combination of telephone coaching, mobile phone Short Message Service, and electronic mail. If shown to be successful, the Loozit group weight management program with additional therapeutic contact has the potential to be readily translatable to a range of health care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol for this study is registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRNO12606000175572).
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Book Section
%A Denney-Wilson, Elizabeth
%A Baur, Louise
%T Adolescent obesity as a major public health concern
%B Challenges in Adolescent Health: An Australian Perspective
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Nova Science Publishers
%V 
%N 
%P 131-139
%@ 9781607416166
%E Bennett, David
%E Towns, Susan
%E Elliott, Elizabeth
%E Nerrick, Joav
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hattersley, Libby A
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A King, Lesley A
%A Howlett, Sarah A
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Adolescent-parent interactions and attitudes around screen time and sugary drink consumption: a qualitative study.
%B International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 6
%N 
%P 61
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Little is known about how adolescents and their parents interact and talk about some of the key lifestyle behaviors that are associated with overweight and obesity, such as screen time (ST) and sugary drink (SD) consumption. This qualitative study aimed to explore adolescents'' and parents'' perceptions, attitudes, and interactions in regards to these topics. METHODS: Using an exploratory approach, semi-structured focus groups were conducted separately with adolescents and (unrelated) parents. Participants were recruited from low and middle socio-economic areas in the Sydney metropolitan area and a regional area of New South Wales, Australia. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis for each of the four content areas (adolescent-ST, adolescent-SD consumption, parents'' views on adolescents'' ST and parents'' views on adolescents'' SD consumption). RESULTS: Nine focus groups, with a total of 63 participants, were conducted. Broad themes spanned all groups: patterns of behavior; attitudes and concerns; adolescent-parent interactions; strategies for behavior change; and awareness of ST guidelines. While parents and adolescents described similar patterns of behaviour in relation to adolescents'' SD consumption and ST, there were marked differences in their attitudes to these two behaviours which were also evident in the adolescent-parent interactions in the home that they described. Parents felt able to limit adolescents'' access to SDs, but felt unable to control their adolescents'' screen time. CONCLUSION: This study offers unique insights regarding topics rarely explored with parents or adolescents, yet which are part of everyday family life, are known to be linked to risk of weight gain, and are potentially amenable to change.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111704 111199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gill, Timothy P
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Bauman, Adrian E
%A Steinbeck, Kate S
%A Storlien, Leonard H
%A Fiatarone Singh, Maria A
%A Brand-Miller, Jennie C
%A Colagiuri, Stephen
%A Caterson, Ian D
%T Childhood obesity in Australia remains a widespread health concern that warrants population-wide prevention programs.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 190
%N 3
%P 146-148
%@ 1326-5377
%X Recent reports have suggested that the problem of childhood and adolescent obesity has been exaggerated in Australia, and that community-wide obesity prevention initiatives are not warranted; we argue that this is not an accurate reflection of the situation. Available data indicate that obesity affects 6%-8% of Australian schoolchildren, and that the proportion has continued to increase in recent years. Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with a wide range of immediate health concerns, as well as increasing the risk of disease in adulthood. Some weight-related health problems are also found in overweight children. A range of strategies, including whole-of-community obesity prevention programs, will be required to tackle this problem. Concerns about disordered eating in children and adolescents should not preclude appropriate action on childhood obesity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Alperstein, Garth
%A Simpson, Judy M
%T Intention to breastfeed and awareness of health recommendations: findings from first-time mothers in southwest Sydney, Australia.
%B International Breastfeeding Journal
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 4
%N 
%P 9
%@ 1746-4358
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In 2001, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. The objectives of this study are to assess awareness of the WHO recommendation among first-time mothers (women at 24 to 34 weeks of pregnancy) and to explore the relationship between this awareness and mothers'' intention to exclusively breastfeed for six months. METHODS: This study was part of the Healthy Beginnings Trial (HBT) conducted in southwest Sydney, Australia. We analysed cross-sectional baseline data of the trial conducted in 2008, including 409 first-time mothers at 24 to 34 weeks of pregnancy. The mothers'' awareness of the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding and their intention to meet the recommendation were assessed through face-to-face interviews. Socio-demographic data were also collected. Factors associated with awareness of the recommendation, or the intention to meet the recommendation, were determined by logistic regression modeling. Log-binomial regression was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (ARR). RESULTS: Sixty-one per cent of mothers knew the WHO recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for six months. Only 42% of all mothers intended to meet the recommendation (breastfeed exclusively for six months). Among the mothers who knew the recommendation, 61% intended to meet the recommendation, compared to only 11% among those mothers who were not aware of the recommendation.The only factor associated with awareness of the recommendation was mother''s level of education. Mothers who had a tertiary education were 1.5 times more likely to be aware of the recommendation than those who had school certificate or less (ARR adjusted for age 1.45, 95% CI 1.08, 1.94, p = 0.02). Mothers who were aware of the recommendation were 5.6 times more likely to intend to breastfeed exclusively to six months (ARR adjusted for employment status 5.61, 95% CI 3.53, 8.90, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Awareness of the recommendation to breastfeed exclusively for six months is independently associated with the intention to meet this recommendation. A substantial number of mothers were not aware of the recommendation, particularly among those with low levels of education, which is of concern in relation to promoting breastfeeding. Improving mothers'' awareness of the recommendation could lead to increased maternal intention to exclusively breastfeed for six months. However, whether this intention could be transferred into practice remains to be tested. TRIAL REGISTRATION: HBT is registered with the Australian Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRNO12607000168459).
%Z FOR Codes: 111712 111104 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Oude Luttikhuis, Hiltje
%A Baur, Louise
%A Jansen, Hanneke
%A Shrewsbury, Vanessa A
%A O'Malley, Claire
%A Stolk, Ronald P
%A Summerbell, Carolyn D
%T Interventions for treating obesity in children.
%B Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 0
%N 1
%P CD001872
%@ 1469-493X
%X BACKGROUND: Child and adolescent obesity is increasingly prevalent, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of lifestyle, drug and surgical interventions for treating obesity in childhood. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL on The Cochrane Library Issue 2 2008, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, DARE and NHS EED. Searches were undertaken from 1985 to May 2008. References were checked. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of lifestyle (i.e. dietary, physical activity and/or behavioural therapy), drug and surgical interventions for treating obesity in children (mean age under 18 years) with or without the support of family members, with a minimum of six months follow up (three months for actual drug therapy). Interventions that specifically dealt with the treatment of eating disorders or type 2 diabetes, or included participants with a secondary or syndromic cause of obesity were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data following the Cochrane Handbook. Where necessary authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS: We included 64 RCTs (5230 participants). Lifestyle interventions focused on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in 12 studies, diet in 6 studies, and 36 concentrated on behaviorally orientated treatment programs. Three types of drug interventions (metformin, orlistat and sibutramine) were found in 10 studies. No surgical intervention was eligible for inclusion. The studies included varied greatly in intervention design, outcome measurements and methodological quality.Meta-analyses indicated a reduction in overweight at 6 and 12 months follow up in: i) lifestyle interventions involving children; and ii) lifestyle interventions in adolescents with or without the addition of orlistat or sibutramine. A range of adverse effects was noted in drug RCTs. AUTHORS'' CONCLUSIONS: While there is limited quality data to recommend one treatment program to be favoured over another, this review shows that combined behavioural lifestyle interventions compared to standard care or self-help can produce a significant and clinically meaningful reduction in overweight in children and adolescents. In obese adolescents, consideration should be given to the use of either orlistat or sibutramine, as an adjunct to lifestyle interventions, although this approach needs to be carefully weighed up against the potential for adverse effects. Furthermore, high quality research that considers psychosocial determinants for behaviour change, strategies to improve clinician-family interaction, and cost-effective programs for primary and community care is required.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Soh, N. L.
%A Walter, G.
%A Baur, L.
%A Collins, C.
%T Nutrition, mood and behaviour: a review
%B Acta Neuropsychiatrica
%D 2009
%C United States, Nethe
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 21
%N 5
%P 214-227
%@ 0924-2708
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wake, Melissa
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Gerner, Bibi
%A Gibbons, Kay
%A Gold, Lisa
%A Gunn, Jane
%A Levickis, Penny
%A McCallum, Zoë
%A Naughton, Geraldine
%A Sanci, Lena
%A Ukoumunne, Obioha C
%T Outcomes and costs of primary care surveillance and intervention for overweight or obese children: the LEAP 2 randomised controlled trial.
%B BMJ
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ
%V 339
%N 
%P b3308
%@ 1468-5833
%X OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ascertainment of childhood obesity by surveillance followed by structured secondary prevention in primary care improved outcomes in overweight or mildly obese children. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial nested within a baseline cross sectional survey of body mass index (BMI). Randomisation and outcomes measurement, but not participants, were blinded to group assignment. SETTING: 45 family practices (66 general practitioners) in Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: 3958 children visiting their general practitioner in May 2005-July 2006 were surveyed for BMI. Of these, 258 children aged 5 years 0 months up to their 10th birthday who were overweight or obese by International Obesity Taskforce criteria were randomised to intervention (n=139) or control (n=119) groups. Children who were very obese (UK BMI z score >or=3.0) were excluded. INTERVENTION: Four standard consultations over 12 weeks targeting change in nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour, supported by purpose designed family materials. Main outcomes measures Primary measure was BMI at 6 and 12 months after randomisation. Secondary measures were mean activity count/min by 7-day accelerometry, nutrition score from 4-day abbreviated food frequency diary, and child health related quality of life. Differences were adjusted for socioeconomic status, age, sex, and baseline BMI. RESULTS: Of 781 eligible children, 258 (33%) entered the trial; attrition was 3.1% at 6 months and 6.2% at 12 months. Adjusted mean differences (intervention - control) at 6 and 12 months were, for BMI, -0.12 (95% CI -0.40 to 0.15, P=0.4) and -0.11 (-0.45 to 0.22, P=0.5); for physical activity in counts/min, 24 (-4 to 52, P=0.09) and 11 (-26 to 49, P=0.6); and, for nutrition score, 0.2 (-0.03 to 0.4, P=0.1) and 0.1 (-0.1 to 0.4, P=0.2). There was no evidence of harm to the child. Costs to the healthcare system were significantly higher in the intervention arm. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care screening followed by brief counselling did not improve BMI, physical activity, or nutrition in overweight or mildly obese 5-10 year olds, and it would be very costly if universally implemented. These findings are at odds with national policies in countries including the US, UK, and Australia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN 52511065 (www.isrctn.org).
%Z FOR Codes: 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Jones, Rachel A
%A Warren, Janet M
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Collins, Clare E
%A Morgan, Philip J
%A Cliff, Dylan P
%A Burrows, Tracy
%A Cleary, Jane
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Process Evaluation of the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support Study: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial for the Management of Child Obesity.
%B Health promotion practice
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Sage Publications
%V 11
%N 6
%P 917-27
%@ 1524-8399
%X The purposes of this article are to (a) outline findings from secondary or process outcome data of the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support (HIKCUPS) study and (b) inform the design and development of future research interventions and practice in the management of child obesity. Data were collected by means of facilitator evaluations, independent session observation, attendance records, and parent questionnaires. Internal validity and reliability of the program delivery were high. All parents reported positive changes in their children as a result of the physical activity program, the dietary modification program, or both. Most participants completed the home activities, but more than half reported that finding time to do them was problematic. Facilitator review indicated that future programs should specifically cater to children of similar age or same sex, allow adequate time for explanation of complex nutritional concepts, and use intrinsic motivators for participants. Recommendations for future interventions, specifically the implementation of subsequent HIKCUPS or other multisite effectiveness studies, are detailed.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111704 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Dwyer, Genevieve
%A Baur, Louise
%A Higgs, Joy
%A Hardy, Louise
%T Promoting children's health and well-being: broadening the therapy perspective.
%B Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Haworth Press, Inc.
%V 29
%N 1
%P 27-43
%@ 1541-3144
%X Physical activity is essential to promote children''s health and well-being. Increased sedentary behavior in children is a factor contributing to the escalation in childhood obesity in the general population. Clinical conditions, particularly physical disabilities, which reduce physical activity, may also lead to a higher risk of being overweight or obese. This paper reviews physical activity and sedentary behavior and illustrates how habitual (daily) physical activity, motor performance, and the capacity to be active are distinct and important aspects of a child''s activity behavior. Positive health outcomes are linked to achieving adequate habitual levels of physical activity. This paper also highlights how pediatric therapists can promote health for those children who are already overweight or obese or are at higher risk of being overweight or obese. Physical and occupational therapists are encouraged to embrace a broad perspective of physical activity and extend children''s therapeutic and health-promotion programs to include assessment of habitual level of physical activity and sedentary behavior, and promotion of recommended levels of daily physical activity. This role can also be extended beyond the area of disability.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Tackling the epidemic of childhood obesity.
%B CMAJ
%D 2009
%C Canada
%I Canadian Medical Association
%V 180
%N 7
%P 701-702
%@ 1488-2329
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Dwyer, Genevieve M
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Hardy, Louise L
%T The challenge of understanding and assessing physical activity in preschool-age children: Thinking beyond the framework of intensity, duration and frequency of activity.
%B Journal of science and medicine in sport / Sports Medicine Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Sports Medicine Australia
%V 12
%N 5
%P 534-6
%@ 1440-2440
%X The physical activity behavior of young preschool-aged children is different from that seen in older children and adults, due in part to biological, psychosocial and cognitive immaturity. This paper: (a) provides an overview the relevant development of young children in relation to physical activity; and (b) outlines the relationship between child development, play, and physical activity in young children. Understanding, assessing and promoting physical activity in young children should include identification of contextual factors such as developmental stage and aspects of play.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Book Section
%A Davies, Fiona
%A Baur, Louise
%T Treating obesity in childhood: behavioural considerations
%B Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Springer
%V 
%N 
%P 3307-3325
%@ 9780387922706
%E Preedy, Victor R
%E Watson, Ronald Ross
%E Martin, Colin R
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111712 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Quinn, S M
%A Baur, L A
%A Garnett, S P
%A Cowell, C T
%T Treatment of clinical insulin resistance in children: a systematic review.
%B Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2009
%C Denmark
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 11
%N 10
%P 722-30
%@ 1467-789X
%X The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving clinical insulin resistance and/or pre-diabetes in children. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of at least 2-months'' duration. The outcomes were fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI) and adverse outcomes. Four randomized controlled trials were identified. All compared the effect of 6 months of metformin plus or minus lifestyle intervention with placebo plus or minus lifestyle intervention. After pooling results from three trials, the mean difference after 6 months favoured the intervention with a statistically significant mean decrease in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and BMI of 9.6?????U???mL(-1) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3, 13.0?????U???mL(-1) ; I(2) = 76%), 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7, 3.6; I(2) = 74%) and 1.7 kg m(-2) (95% CI: 1.1, 2.3 kg m(-2) ; I(2) = 75) respectively. Mild gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 19% (2-29%; median and range) of participants taking metformin. Metformin improves markers of insulin sensitivity and reduces BMI in children and adolescents with clinical insulin resistance or pre-diabetes. Stronger evidence from high-quality studies of longer duration and larger sample size are required before clinical conclusions about the optimal treatment protocol in this population can be drawn.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403 111199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Alexander, Shirley M
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Magnusson, Roger
%A Tobin, Bernadette
%T When does severe childhood obesity become a child protection issue?
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 190
%N 3
%P 136-139
%@ 1326-5377
%X Severe childhood obesity and its associated comorbidities are increasing in prevalence. Extreme childhood obesity may be viewed as a mirror image of severe non-organic failure to thrive. Parental neglect may be a causative factor in both circumstances. When suspicion of parental neglect arises, health care professionals may have both an ethical obligation and a statutory duty to notify child protection services. Guidelines on the point at which medical practitioners should seek state assistance in cases of severe childhood obesity would be helpful, not only for medical practitioners, but also for child protection services.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cleland, V
%A Crawford, D
%A Baur, L A
%A Hume, C
%A Timperio, A
%A Salmon, J
%T A prospective examination of children's time spent outdoors, objectively measured physical activity and overweight.
%B International Journal of Obesity
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 32
%N 11
%P 1685-1693
%@ 1476-5497
%X OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether time spent outdoors was associated with objectively measured physical activity, body mass index (BMI) z-score and overweight in elementary-school aged children, cross-sectionally and prospectively over 3 years. METHODS: Three-year cohort study with data collected during 2001 and 2004. Nineteen randomly selected state elementary schools across Melbourne, Australia. One hundred and eighty eight 5-6-year-old and 360 10-12-year-old children. Baseline parent reports of children''s time spent outdoors during warmer and cooler months, on weekdays and weekends. At baseline and follow-up, children''s moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was objectively assessed by accelerometry, and BMI z-score and overweight was calculated from measured height and weight. RESULTS: Cross-sectionally, each additional hour outdoors on weekdays and weekend days during the cooler months was associated with an extra 27 min week(-1) MVPA among older girls, and with an extra 20 min week(-1) MVPA among older boys. Longitudinally, more time outdoors on weekends predicted higher MVPA on weekends among older girls and boys (5 min week(-1)). The prevalence of overweight among older children at follow-up was 27-41% lower among those spending more time outdoors at baseline. CONCLUSION: Encouraging 10-12-year-old children to spend more time outdoors may be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity and preventing increases in overweight and obesity. Intervention research investigating the effect of increasing time outdoors on children''s physical activity and overweight is warranted.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110699 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Li, M
%A Li, S
%A Baur, L A
%A Huxley, R R
%T A systematic review of school-based intervention studies for the prevention or reduction of excess weight among Chinese children and adolescents.
%B Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
%V 9
%N 6
%P 548-59
%@ 1467-789X
%X The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of intervention studies in China aimed at the prevention or control of excess weight gain among children and adolescents. Two Chinese databases (The China Full Text Database and Wanfang Database) and two English databases (Medline and Meditext) were searched with keywords for intervention studies published between 1990 and 2006. Data were extracted on aspects of study quality, methodology and effectiveness of interventions. Quality assessment was conducted using a previously established assessment tool. Twenty-two studies were included, of which 17 were conducted among overweight and/or obese children and/or adolescents. Interventions strategies varied across studies but the majority focused on improving the level of knowledge, physical activity levels and/or diet of overweight children and adolescents. Most studies reported a beneficial effect of the intervention with one or more of the study outcomes, but all of the studies had serious, or moderate, methodological weaknesses. None of the trials identified by this systematic review demonstrated convincing evidence of the efficacy of any single intervention for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents from Mainland China. Future intervention trials should address the methodological weaknesses identified in this review.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Denney-Wilson, Elizabeth
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Dobbins, Timothy
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Body mass index, waist circumference, and chronic disease risk factors in Australian adolescents.
%B Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine
%D 2008
%C United States
%I American Medical Association
%V 162
%N 6
%P 566-573
%@ 1538-3628
%X OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between measures of adiposity (body mass index and waist circumference) and risk factors for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and the clustering of risk factors in middle adolescence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Secondary schools in Sydney. PARTICIPANTS: Grade 10 students (N = 496; 58.4% boys; mean [SD] age, 15.4 [0.4] years). MAIN EXPOSURES: Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting blood samples. OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were categorized as overweight or obese using the International Obesity Task Force cut points and the UK waist circumference cut points. Blood was analyzed for high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and the results were categorized as normal or abnormal according to published guidelines where possible. Associations between overweight and obesity and risk factors were explored using logistic regression. Clustering of risk factors within individuals was also explored. RESULTS: Insulin (P < .001), alanine aminotransferase (P < .001), gamma-glutamyltransferase (P = .005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < .001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < .001), and blood pressure (P < .001) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity in adolescent boys. In adolescent girls, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < .001), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < .001) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Obese adolescent boys and girls were significantly more likely to have 2 or more risk factors (boys: 73.5% vs 7.6%; girls: 44.4% vs 5.4%; P < .001 for both) than nonoverweight adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obese adolescents, especially boys, are at substantial risk for chronic conditions. Waist circumference is not a better predictor of metabolic risk factors than is body mass index.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111706 110201


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Steinbeck, K
%A Baur, L
%A Cowell, C
%A Pietrobelli, A
%T Clinical research in adolescents: challenges and opportunities using obesity as a model.
%B International journal of obesity (2005)
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 33
%N 0
%P 2-7
%@ 1476-5497
%X Adolescent medicine is relatively young, compared to paediatric or adult medicine. Descriptive and observational studies have dominated the adolescent literature, including those studies published in the International Journal of Obesity. In addition, many studies have combined child and adolescent age groups, making it difficult to determine adolescent-specific outcomes. It is important that high quality intervention studies in adolescents occur. Adolescence is a time of extraordinary plasticity. Habits, attitudes and physical morbidity that develop during adolescence set up trajectories that have a profound influence on health and wellbeing for the long term. Overweight and obesity are an excellent example of the need for high quality intervention studies and yet in the last two decades there have been very few randomized, controlled trials of overweight and obesity management in adolescents. There are a number of complexities in adolescent research that create additional challenges to those that accompany any clinical research. These include recruitment and retention, issues around consent and confidentiality and the central role that parents play in supporting the research protocol. Pubertal stage is a potential confounder and needs to be accurately measured. This is certainly true for studies in overweight and obesity where excess adiposity influences pubertal and other hormones. The opportunities to undertake quality research in adolescents are likely to be enhanced by the use of novel approaches which acknowledge the unique features of adolescents and their world.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Morgan, Philip J
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Cliff, Dylan P
%A Jones, Rachel A
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Correlates of Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Obese Children.
%B Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 16
%N 12
%P 2634-41
%@ 1930-7381
%X The aim of this study was to identify potential correlates of objectively measured physical activity in a sample of obese children. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 137 5-9-year-old obese children (mean +/- s.d. age = 8.3 +/- 1.1 years; mean BMI z-score = 2.76 +/- 0.70; 58% girls) from two regional cities in New South Wales, Australia, before commencement in a treatment trial. Correlates examined included age, BMI z, parental BMI, perceived competence, health-related quality of life, daily minutes spent in small screen recreation (SSR), and fundamental motor skill (FMS) proficiency. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers and values were calculated for % of monitored time spent in moderate- (MPA) and vigorous (VPA)-intensity physical activity and mean counts per minute (CPM). Analyses were conducted separately for boys and girls. Motor skill proficiency was significantly correlated with a number of physical activity variables for boys and girls. For boys, regression analysis revealed object-control proficiency predicted CPM (R(2) = 0.25) and age was a predictor of %MPA (R(2) = 0.56). Age and object-control skill proficiency were salient predictors of %VPA (R(2) = 0.34). For girls, age and daily minutes of SSR were the only significant predictors for CPM (R(2) = 0.13). Age was the sole predictor of %MPA (R(2) = 0.38) and %VPA (R(2) = 0.15). The targeting of FMSs at an early age should be tested in experimental studies as potential strategies to increase physical activity among obese children, particularly for boys. Interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behaviors among obese girls should also be considered.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699 110399 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A O'Connor, J.
%A Steinbeck, K.
%A Hill, A.
%A Booth, M.
%A Kohn, M.
%A Shah, S.
%A Baur, L.
%T Evaluation of a community-based weight management program for overweight and obese adolescents: The Loozit study
%B Nutrition & Dietetics
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 65
%N 2
%P 121-127
%@ 1446-6368
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111199 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Timperio, Anna
%A Salmon, Jo
%A Ball, Kylie
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Telford, Amanda
%A Jackson, Michelle
%A Salmon, Louisa
%A Crawford, David
%T Family physical activity and sedentary environments and weight change in children.
%B International Journal of Pediatric Obesity
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 3
%N 3
%P 160-167
%@ 1747-7166
%X OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between family physical activity and sedentary environment and changes in body mass index (BMI) z-scores among 10-12-year-old children over three years. METHOD: Design. Longitudinal (three-year follow-up). Subjects. In total, 152 boys and 192 girls aged 10-12 years at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Measured height and weight at baseline and follow-up (weight status, BMI z-scores); aspects of the family physical activity and sedentary environment (parental and sibling modelling, reinforcement, social support, family-related barriers, rules/restrictions, home physical environment) measured with a questionnaire completed by parents at baseline. RESULTS: At baseline, 29.6% of boys and 21.9% of girls were overweight or obese, and mean (standard deviation, SD) BMI z-scores were 0.44 (0.99) and 0.28 (0.89), respectively. There was a significant change in BMI z-score among girls (mean change = 0.19, SD = 0.55, p < 0.001), but not boys. Among boys, the number of items at home able to be used for sedentary behaviour (B = 0.11, p = 0.037) was associated with relatively greater increases in BMI z-score. Among girls, sibling engagement in physical activity at least three times/wk (B = -0.17, p = 0.010) and the number of physical activity equipment items at home (B = -0.05, p = 0.018) were associated with relatively greater decreases in BMI z-score. CONCLUSION: Sibling physical activity and environmental stimuli for sedentary behaviours and physical activity within the home may be important targets for prevention of weight gain during the transition from childhood to adolescence.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111716 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cretikos, Michelle A
%A Valenti, Lisa
%A Britt, Helena C
%A Baur, Louise A
%T General practice management of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Australia.
%B Medical care
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
%V 46
%N 11
%P 1163-1169
%@ 1537-1948
%X BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is rapidly increasing in prevalence worldwide, but healthcare capacity to address this problem seems limited. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and rate of management of childhood overweight and obesity in Australian general practice. SUBJECTS: A cross-sectional study consisting of 3978 general practitioners (GPs), randomly selected using Medicare Australia claims, who recorded 42,515 encounters with children age 2-17 including 12,925 sub-sampled encounters with self or carer-reported height and weight collected. MEASURES: Prevalence of overweight and obesity, rate of management of overweight and obesity, content of encounters in overweight and nonoverweight children, content of encounters in those managed for overweight and obesity, and management to prevalence ratio. RESULTS: A total of 29.6% of sub-sampled children were classified as overweight (18.3%) or obese (11.4%). GPs managed overweight and obesity during 215 encounters, or once per 200 encounters with children age 2-17 and once per 58 encounters with overweight or obese children. The content of encounters in overweight and non-overweight children did not differ. Children who were managed for overweight or obesity presented with these conditions as reasons for the encounter significantly more often [66.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 59.7-73.3) vs. 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0-1.3)] and were managed for more problems, particularly depression [4.2 (95% CI: 1.5-6.9) vs. 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7-0.9)], than average per 100 encounters. Consultations for overweight or obesity were significantly longer than average [16.7 (95% CI: 14.7-18.7) vs. 12.4 (95% CI: 12.2-12.5) minutes]. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are prevalent in children presenting to Australian general practice but GPs do not use most of the available opportunities to manage this problem.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111403 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Burrows, T
%A Warren, J M
%A Baur, L A
%A Collins, C E
%T Impact of a child obesity intervention on dietary intake and behaviors.
%B International journal of obesity (2005)
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 32
%N 10
%P 1481-8
%@ 1476-5497
%X The aims of this study were to describe the dietary intakes and food behavior changes of overweight and obese children participating in the Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support (HIKCUPS) study and to describe the impact of a best practice dietary modification program.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101 110299


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Katzmarzyk, P. T.
%A Baur, L. A.
%A Blair, S. N.
%A Lambert, E. V.
%A Oppert, J. M.
%A Riddoch, C.
%T International conference on physical activity and obesity in children: summary statement and recommendations
%B Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism-Physiologie Appliquee Nutrition Et Metabolisme
%D 2008
%C Canada
%I NRC Research Press
%V 33
%N 2
%P 371-388
%@ 1715-5312
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110699 110399 111716


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Crawford, David A
%A Timperio, Anna F
%A Salmon, Jo A
%A Baur, Louise
%A Giles-Corti, Billie
%A Roberts, Rebecca J
%A Jackson, Michelle L
%A Andrianopoulos, Nick
%A Ball, Kylie
%T Neighbourhood fast food outlets and obesity in children and adults: the CLAN Study.
%B International Journal of Pediatric Obesity
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 3
%N 4
%P 249-256
%@ 1747-7174
%X OBJECTIVE: We examined associations between density of and proximity to fast food outlets and body weight in a sample of children (137 aged 8-9 years and 243 aged 13-15 years) and their parents (322 fathers and 362 mothers). METHODS: Children''s measured and parents'' self-reported heights and weights were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Locations of major fast food outlets were geocoded. Bivariate linear regression analyses examined associations between the presence of any fast food outlet within a 2 km buffer around participants'' homes, fast food outlet density within the 2 km buffer, and distance to the nearest outlet and BMI. Each independent variable was also entered into separate bivariate logistic regression analyses to predict the odds of being overweight or obese. RESULTS: Among older children, those with at least one outlet within 2 km had lower BMI z-scores. The further that fathers lived from an outlet, the higher their BMI. Among 13-15-year-old girls and their fathers, the likelihood of overweight/obesity was reduced by 80% and 50%, respectively, if they had at least one fast food outlet within 2 km of their home. Among older girls, the likelihood of being overweight/obese was reduced by 14% with each additional outlet within 2 km. Fathers'' odds of being overweight/obese increased by 13% for each additional kilometre to the nearest outlet. CONCLUSIONS: While consumption of fast food has been shown to be associated with obesity, this study provides little support for the concept that exposure to fast food outlets in the local neighbourhood increases risk of obesity.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111199 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Quak, Seng Hok
%A Furnes, Raquel
%A Lavine, Joel
%A Baur, Louise A
%A , Obesity Working Group
%T Obesity in children and adolescents.
%B Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
%V 47
%N 2
%P 254-259
%@ 1536-4801
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111199 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A De, Sukanya
%A Small, Jacqueline
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Overweight and obesity among children with developmental disabilities.
%B Journal of intellectual & developmental disability
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 33
%N 1
%P 43-47
%@ 1366-8250
%X BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children with developmental disabilities attending a metropolitan Diagnosis and Assessment Service. METHOD: A retrospective chart review was carried out for 98 children (67 male) aged 2-18 years. Data on age, sex, weight, height, and severity of intellectual disability or global developmental delay were collected from medical records. Body mass index (BMI, weight/height2) was calculated, and overweight and obesity defined using standard international criteria. RESULTS: Data indicated that 24% of the children were overweight and a further 15% were obese (i.e., a total of 40% either overweight or obese), which is significantly higher than the prevalence rate for Australian school children in the New South Wales Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) 2004, which found that 17% were overweight (p = .05) and 6% were obese (p = .0003) (i.e., 23% either overweight or obese, p = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher among children with developmental disabilities than in the general population. Community-based studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm this finding. The results also highlight the need to develop health care strategies for the prevention, early identification and management of excess weight gain for this group.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111703 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Tackling obesity in children and adolescents.
%B BMJ
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Publishing Group
%V 337
%N 0
%P 888
%@ 1468-5833
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Spilchak, Pamela J
%A Denney-Wilson, Elizabeth
%A King, Lesley
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Tertiary paediatric obesity services in Australia.
%B Journal of paediatrics and child health
%D 2008
%C Via Bradano 3/C, Rom
%I Pensiero Scientifico Editor
%V 44
%N 0
%P 243-7
%@ 1440-1754
%X To examine the nature and availability of paediatric obesity services in tertiary care settings across the states/territories of Australia.
%Z FOR Codes: 1114


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Swinburn, Boyd
%A Sacks, Gary
%A Lobstein, Tim
%A Rigby, Neville
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Brownell, Kelly D
%A Gill, Tim
%A Seidell, Jaap
%A Kumanyika, Shiriki
%A , International Obesity Taskforce Working Group on Marketing to Children
%T The 'Sydney Principles' for reducing the commercial promotion of foods and beverages to children.
%B Public Health Nutrition
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 11
%N 9
%P 881-886
%@ 1368-9800
%X A set of seven principles (the ''Sydney Principles'') was developed by an International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) Working Group to guide action on changing food and beverage marketing practices that target children. The aim of the present communication is to present the Sydney Principles and report on feedback received from a global consultation (November 2006 to April 2007) on the Principles. The Principles state that actions to reduce marketing to children should: (i) support the rights of children; (ii) afford substantial protection to children; (iii) be statutory in nature; (iv) take a wide definition of commercial promotions; (v) guarantee commercial-free childhood settings; (vi) include cross-border media; and (vii) be evaluated, monitored and enforced. The draft principles were widely disseminated and 220 responses were received from professional and scientific associations, consumer bodies, industry bodies, health professionals and others. There was virtually universal agreement on the need to have a set of principles to guide action in this contentious area of marketing to children. Apart from industry opposition to the third principle calling for a statutory approach and several comments about the implementation challenges, there was strong support for each of the Sydney Principles. Feedback on two specific issues of contention related to the age range to which restrictions should apply (most nominating age 16 or 18 years) and the types of products to be included (31% nominating all products, 24% all food and beverages, and 45% energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages). The Sydney Principles, which took a children''s rights-based approach, should be used to benchmark action to reduce marketing to children. The age definition for a child and the types of products which should have marketing restrictions may better suit a risk-based approach at this stage. The Sydney Principles should guide the formation of an International Code on Food and Beverage Marketing to Children.
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111403 111104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Garnett, S P
%A Baur, L A
%A Cowell, C T
%T Waist-to-height ratio: a simple option for determining excess central adiposity in young people.
%B International journal of obesity (2005)
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 32
%N 6
%P 1028-30
%@ 1476-5497
%X Waist circumference is recommended as a means of identifying people at risk of morbidity associated with central adiposity. Yet, there are no universally agreed cut-points to determine when a waist circumference is too large in young people. In this study we examined the relation between sex- and age-specific waist circumference cut-points, the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) cut-point of <0.5 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk clustering in 164 young people, mean age 14.9+/-0.2 years (mean+/-s.d.). In total 19 (11.6%) of the sample were identified as having CVD risk clustering. These young people were significantly (P<0.001) heavier and had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference z-scores compared to those without CVD risk clustering. The WHtR cut-point of 0.5 estimated CVD risk clustering to a similar extent to sex- and age-adjusted cut-points for waist circumference and BMI. Young people with excess central adiposity (WHtR> or =0.5) were 11 times (OR 11.4, P<0.001), more likely to have CVD risk clustering compared to those who did not have excess central adiposity. The WHtR has several advantages; it is easy to calculate, does not require sex- and age-specific centiles and as has been previously suggested, it is a simple message, easily understood by clinicians and families, to ''keep your waist circumference to less than half your height''.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111101 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Dwyer, Genevieve M
%A Higgs, Joy
%A Hardy, Louise L
%A Baur, Louise A
%T What do parents and preschool staff tell us about young children's physical activity: a qualitative study.
%B The international Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central
%V 5
%N 1
%P 66
%@ 1479-5868
%X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Physical activity and small screen recreation are two modifiable behaviours associated with childhood obesity and the development of chronic health problems. Parents and preschool staff shape behaviour habits in young children. The aims of this qualitative study were to explore the attitudes, values, knowledge and understanding of parents and carers of preschool-age children in relation to physical activity and small screen recreation and to identify influences upon these behaviours. METHODS: This research involved a focus group study with parents and carers of the target population. A purposive sample of 39 participants (22 parents, 17 carers) participated in 9 focus groups. Participants were drawn from three populations of interest: those from lower socioeconomic status, and Middle-Eastern and Chinese communities in the Sydney (Australia) metropolitan region. RESULTS: All participants understood the value of physical activity and the impact of excessive small screen recreation but were unfamiliar with national guidelines for these behaviours. Participants described the nature and activity patterns of young children; however, the concept of activity ''intensity'' in this age group was not a meaningful term. Factors which influenced young children''s physical activity behaviour included the child''s personality, the physical activity facilities available, and the perceived safety of their community. Factors facilitating physical activity included a child''s preference for being active, positive parent or peer modelling, access to safe play areas, organised activities, preschool programs and a sense of social connectedness. Barriers to physical activity included safety concerns exacerbated by negative media stories, time restraints, financial constraints, cultural values favouring educational achievement, and safety regulations about equipment design and use within the preschool environment. Parents considered that young children are naturally ''programmed'' to be active, and that society ''de-programs'' this behaviour. Staff expressed concern that free, creative active play was being lost and that alternate activities were increasingly sedentary. CONCLUSION: The findings support the relevance of the socioecological model of behavioural influences to young children''s physical activity. In this age group, efforts may best be directed at emphasising national guidelines for small screen recreation and educating families and carers about the importance of creative, free play to reinforce the child''s inherent nature to be active.
%Z FOR Codes: 110699 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Elizabeth, Denney-wilson
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Adolescent obesity: making a difference to the epidemic.
%B International journal of adolescent medicine and health
%D 2007
%C Israel
%I Freund, Publishing House
%V 19
%N 3
%P 235-243
%@ 0334-0139
%X Adolescent obesity is a major public health problem in Australia, and in many other parts of the world. Recent data suggest that as many as one quarter of young people in Australia are either overweight or obese, and that the majority of obese young people have one or more risk factors for chronic disease. Efforts to reduce the health and economic burden of obesity must focus on both management of affected individuals and prevention of further cases. This paper reviews some of the research currently underway in Australia, and includes recent data on both the prevalence of obesity and the associated complications, from large surveys and smaller cohorts. State and Federal governments have developed policies aimed at obesity prevention, but these are yet to be fully evaluated. Two large-scale community-based interventions are underway, one of which has reported positive preliminary findings. A number of smaller research programs are examining macro and individual level causation of obesity and include unique research examining the way adolescents perceive their environment. Other research includes the development and evaluation of service delivery models specifically targeting adolescents. A greater emphasis on environmental determinants and management of adolescent obesity is needed in future programs.
%Z FOR Codes: 111706 111101 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Campbell, Karen J
%A Crawford, David A
%A Salmon, Jo
%A Carver, Alison
%A Garnett, Sarah P
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Associations between the home food environment and obesity-promoting eating behaviors in adolescence.
%B Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 15
%N 3
%P 719-730
%@ 1930-7381
%X OBJECTIVE: This study examines relationships between multiple aspects of the home food environment and obesity-promoting characteristics of 12- to 13-year-old adolescents'' diets, specifically frequency of consumption of high-energy fluids, sweet snacks, savory snacks, and take-out foods. RESEARCH METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 347 adolescents 12 to 13 years of age and their parents. Data were collected via self-completed surveys. The adolescents'' diets were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire derived from existing age-appropriate National Nutrition Survey data. An extensive range of domains within the home food environment were assessed. Bivariate linear regression analyses were run split by gender. Forced entry multiple linear regression analyses (adjusting for all variables significant in bivariate analyses as well as for maternal education) were also performed, stratified by the sex of the child. RESULTS: The influence of mothers, either as models for eating behaviors or as the providers of food, was pervasive. Mothers'' intake of high-energy fluids (p = 0.003), sweet snacks (p = 0.010), savory snacks (p = 0.008), and take-out food (p = 0.007) was positively associated with boys'' intake of all these foods. In addition, mothers'' intake of high-energy fluids was positively associated with daughters'' consumption of these drinks (p = 0.025). Furthermore, availability of unhealthy foods at home was positively associated with girls'' sweet snack (p = 0.001), girls'' savory snack (p < 0.001), boys'' savory snack (p = 0.002), and, in the bivariate analyses, girls'' high-energy fluid consumption (p = 0.002). DISCUSSION: This study of home food environment influences on adolescent diet highlights the pervasive influence of mothers in determining adolescents'' obesity-promoting eating, providing direction for obesity prevention strategies and future research.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Garnett, Sarah P
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Srinivasan, Shubha
%A Lee, Jenny W
%A Cowell, Chris T
%T Body mass index and waist circumference in midchildhood and adverse cardiovascular disease risk clustering in adolescence.
%B The American journal of clinical nutrition
%D 2007
%C United States
%I American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
%V 86
%N 3
%P 549-555
%@ 0002-9165
%X BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) may not indicate the level of central adiposity associated with the clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Hence, it has been recommended that waist circumference be used as an alternative measure. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate whether waist circumference in midchildhood is more effective at predicting cardiovascular disease risk clustering in adolescence than is BMI. DESIGN: Anthropometric measurements were made in 342 children aged 8 y. Seven years later, anthropometric measurements were made in 290 participants, and metabolic profiles were determined in 172 participants. RESULTS: At 15 y, between 9.4% and 11.0% of adolescents were defined as having CVD risk clustering. Children who were overweight or obese at 8 y of age were 7 times (odds ratio: 6.9; 95% CI: 2.5, 19.0; P < 0.001) as likely to have CVD risk clustering in adolescence than were their peers who were not overweight or obese. Those with an increased waist circumference at 8 y were 4 times (3.6; 1.0, 12.9; P = 0.061) as likely to have CVD risk clustering in adolescence than were children with a smaller waist circumference. Neither BMI nor waist circumference were predictive of CVD risk clustering if adiposity was not included as a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: The association between measures of adiposity in midchildhood and later adverse CVD risk is a result of the tracking of adiposity status. Our results do not support the need to measure waist circumference in children, in addition to BMI, to identify those at increased risk of CVD risk factor clustering in adolescence.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 110201


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Alexander, Shirley
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Childhood obesity: who's to blame and who should pay?
%B Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Expert Reviews Ltd.
%V 7
%N 2
%P 95-98
%@ 1744-8379
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111716 111199


%0 Book Section
%A Denney-Wilson, Elizabeth
%A Baur, Louise
%T Clinical correlates of overweight and obesity
%B Children, Obesity and Exercise: Prevention, treatment and management of childhood and adolescent obesity
%D 2007
%C Canada, United state
%I Routledge
%V 
%N 
%P 25-36
%@ 9780415408837
%E Hills, Andrew
%E King, Neil
%E Byrne, Nuala
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wen, Li Ming
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Rissel, Chris
%A Wardle, Karen
%A Alperstein, Garth
%A Simpson, Judy M
%T Early intervention of multiple home visits to prevent childhood obesity in a disadvantaged population: a home-based randomised controlled trial (Healthy Beginnings Trial).
%B BMC public health
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 7
%N 
%P 76-76
%@ 1471-2458
%X BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that a proportion of children as young as two years are already overweight. This indicates that obesity prevention programs that commence as early as possible and are family-focused are needed. This Healthy Beginnings Trial aims to determine the efficacy of a community-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a home visiting intervention in preventing the early onset of childhood overweight and obesity. The intervention will be conducted over the first two years of life to increase healthy feeding behaviours and physical activity, decrease physical inactivity, enhance parent-child interaction, and hence reduce overweight and obesity among children at 2 and 5 years of age in the most socially and economically disadvantaged areas of Sydney, Australia. METHODS/DESIGN: This RCT will be conducted with a consecutive sample of 782 first time mothers with their newborn children. Pregnant women who are expecting their first child, and who are between weeks 24 and 34 of their pregnancy, will be invited to participate in the trial at the antenatal clinic. Informed consent will be obtained and participants will then be randomly allocated to the intervention or the control group. The allocation will be concealed by sequentially numbered, sealed opaque envelopes containing a computer generated random number. The intervention comprises eight home visits from a specially trained community nurse over two years and pro-active telephone support between the visits. Main outcomes include a) duration of breastfeeding measured at 6 and 12 months, b) introduction of solids measured at 4 and 6 months, c) nutrition, physical activity and television viewing measured at 24 months, and d) overweight/obesity status at age 2 and 5 years. DISCUSSION: The results of this trial will ascertain whether the home based early intervention is effective in preventing the early onset of childhood overweight and obesity. If proved to be effective, it will result in a series of recommendations for policy and practical methods for promoting healthy feeding and physical activity of children in the first two years of life with particular application to families who are socially and economically disadvantaged.
%Z FOR Codes: 111704 111716 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Thomas, D E
%A Elliott, E J
%A Baur, L
%T Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity.
%B Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Update Software Ltd.
%V 0
%N 3
%P 1-30
%@ 1469-493X
%X BACKGROUND: Obesity is increasingly prevalent, yet the nutritional management remains contentious. It has been suggested that low glycaemic index or load diets may stimulate greater weight loss than higher glycaemic index or load diets or other weight reduction diets. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of low glycaemic index or load diets for weight loss in overweight or obese people. SEARCH STRATEGY: Trials were identified through The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and manual searches of bibliographies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing a low glycaemic index or load diet (LGI) with a higher glycaemic index or load diet or other diet (Cdiet) in overweight or obese people. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected trials, assessed quality and extracted data, including any information provided on adverse effects. MAIN RESULTS: We identified six eligible randomised controlled trials (total of 202 participants). Interventions ranged from five weeks to six months duration with up to six months follow-up after the intervention ceased. The decrease in body mass (WMD -1.1 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.0 to -0.2, P < 0.05) (n = 163), total fat mass (WMD -1.1 kg, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.4, P < 0.05) (n =147) and body mass index (WMD -1.3, 95% CI -2.0 to -0.5, P < 0.05) (n = 48) was significantly greater in participants receiving LGI compared to Cdiets. The decrease in total cholesterol was significantly greater with LGI compared to Cdiets (WMD -0.22 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.02, P < 0.05), as was the change in LDL-cholesterol (WMD -0.24 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.05, P < 0.05). No study reported adverse effects, mortality or quality of life data. AUTHORS'' CONCLUSIONS: Overweight or obese people on LGI lost more weight and had more improvement in lipid profiles than those receiving Cdiets. Body mass, total fat mass, body mass index, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol all decreased significantly more in the LGI group. In studies comparing ad libitum LGI diets to conventional restricted energy low-fat diets, participants fared as well or better on th LGI diet, even though they could eat as much as desired. Lowering the glycaemic load of the diet appears to be an effective method of promoting weight loss and improving lipid profiles and can be simply incorporated into a person''s lifestyle. Further research with longer term follow-up will determine whether improvement continues long-term and improves quality of life.
%Z FOR Codes: 111101 110306 110299


%0 Book Section
%A Baur, Louise
%A Denney-Wilson, E
%T Obesity in childhood and adolescence
%B Growth Disorders
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Hodder Arnold
%V 
%N 
%P 540-564
%@ 9780340812402
%E Kelnar, C
%E Savage, M
%E Saenger, P
%E Cowell, C
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Sheehan, J
%A Ukoumunne, OC
%A Sanci, L
%A Riess, C
%A Naughton, G
%A Harris, C
%A Gold, L
%A Gibbons, K
%A Baur, LA
%A Gerner, B
%A McCallum, Z
%A Wake, M
%A Gunn, J
%A Waters, E
%T Outcome data from the LEAP (Live, Eat and Play) trial: a randomized controlled trial of a primary care intervention for childhood overweight/mild obesity
%B INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 31
%N 4
%P 630-636
%@ 0307-0565
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111717 111704


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Warren, Janet M
%A Golley, Rebecca K
%A Collins, Clare E
%A Okely, Anthony D
%A Jones, Rachel A
%A Morgan, Philip J
%A Perry, Rebecca A
%A Baur, Louise A
%A Steele, Julie R
%A Magarey, Anthea M
%T Randomised controlled trials in overweight children: Practicalities and realities.
%B International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 2
%N 2
%P 73-85
%@ 1747-7166
%X Aim. To highlight and discuss the practical aspects of conducting high quality, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with overweight and obese children and their families. Content. Realistic considerations and suggestions for researchers arising from the experiences of three Australian interventions in overweight/obese children are highlighted. The practical implications of key issues arising during this type of RCT include study design, obtaining ethical approval, choice of outcome measures, recruitment, working with families, impact and process evaluation, retention strategies, managing multi-site trials and data management. Conclusion. Interventions for overweight children and their families are challenging. Although there were some differences in the design and outcome measures among the three studies, there were many similarities. Multi-site trials, although more expensive than single-site trials, are advantageous in increasing sample size and external validity. Collectively we have developed strategies to address key problems in conducting RCTs, including the common challenges of recruitment, retention and working with families.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101 111717


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Waters, Karen A
%A Mast, Benjamin T
%A Vella, Silvano
%A De La Eva, Roland
%A O'Brien, Louise M
%A Bailey, Sherryn
%A Tam, Charmaine S
%A Wong, Melanie
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Structural equation modeling of sleep apnea, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction in children.
%B Journal of sleep research
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 16
%N 4
%P 388-395
%@ 0962-1105
%X Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), often concomitant with obesity, increases the risk for the metabolic syndrome. One mechanism that may participate in this association is upregulation of inflammatory pathways. We used structural equation modeling to assess the interrelations between childhood obesity, OSA, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. One hundred and eighty-four children (127 boys, mean age: 8.5 +/- 4.1years) had height and weight measured, underwent overnight polysomnography and had fasting blood taken. The blood was analyzed for insulin, glucose, lipids, leptin, and cytokines [interferon (IFN)-gamma, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha]. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate associations between the outcomes of interest including hypoxia, arousal (related to respiratory and spontaneous), obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammatory markers. Two cytokine factors and one metabolic factor were derived for the SEM. These factors provided good fit in the structural equation model (chi(2)/df = 2.855; comparative fit index = 0.90, root mean squared error of approximation = 0.10) and all factor loadings were significantly different from zero (P </= 0.01). Overall, our results indicate that while obesity (as measured by body mass index z-score) has a major influence on the metabolic dysfunction associated with OSA, arousal indices, and cytokine markers may also influence this association. Our results support the hypothesis that OSA is a contributor to the mechanisms that link sleep, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, and show that the interrelations may begin in childhood.
%Z FOR Codes: 110203 111403 111603


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Warren, JM
%A Cleary, J
%A Burrows, T
%A Cliff, DP
%A Baur, LA
%A Morgan, PJ
%A Collins, CE
%A Steele, JR
%A Jones, RA
%A Okely, AD
%T The HIKCUPS trial: a multi-site randomized controlled trial of a combined physical activity skill-development and dietary modification program in overweight and obese children
%B BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd
%V 7
%N 15
%P 0
%@ 1471-2458
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111101 110699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Riddiford-Harland, Diane L
%A Steele, Julie R
%A Baur, Louise A
%T The use of ultrasound imaging to measure midfoot plantar fat pad thickness in children.
%B The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy
%D 2007
%C United States
%I American Physical Therapy Association
%V 37
%N 10
%P 644-647
%@ 0190-6011
%X STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive and reliability study. OBJECTIVES: To design a reliable imaging method to quantify the thickness of the medial midfoot plantar fat pad in the feet of young children and to determine any between-foot (right versus left) differences in thickness. BACKGROUND: Before we can establish whether persistent fat padding in the medial midfoot or a structural collapse of the longitudinal arch is the mechanism of flatter footprints displayed by obese children, a reliable method to quantify midfoot plantar fat pad thickness in children is required. METHODS AND MEASURES: A portable ultrasound imaging system was used to quantify medial midfoot plantar fat pad thickness for the right and left foot of 14 healthy children (mean +/- SD, 3.8 +/- 0.8 years) using 3 different measurement techniques. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of the measurement (SEM) were calculated to assess intrarater reliability of these measurement techniques. RESULTS: Medial midfoot plantar fat pad thickness (method 1, right foot) ranged from 3.1 to 4.9 mm. Similar values were observed for methods 2 and 3. The ICC values (0.82-0.94) and SEM values (0.12-0.23 mm) suggested that all 3 methods provided good reliability. Based on an ANOVA model, there was no significant interaction and no significant main effect for side, method, or day between the measurement techniques. CONCLUSIONS: We found ultrasonography to be a reliable field tool to quantify medial midfoot plantar fat pad thickness in children. Although there was no difference in reliability across the 3 measurement techniques, the technique in which the transducer was placed directly beneath the dorsal-navicular landmark was the most time-efficient procedure to measure the thickness of the midfoot plantar fat pad in young children.
%Z FOR Codes: 110314 110320


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Magarey, AM
%A Daniels, LA
%A Baur, LA
%A Golley, RK
%A Steinbeck, KS
%T Twelve-month effectiveness of a parent-led, family-focused weight-management program for prepubertal children: A randomized, controlled trial
%B PEDIATRICS
%D 2007
%C United States
%I American Academy of Pediatrics
%V 119
%N 
%P 517-525
%@ 1098-4275
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111704 111403 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Riddiford-Harland, Diane L
%A Steele, Julie R
%A Baur, Louise A
%T Upper and lower limb functionality: are these compromised in obese children?
%B International journal of pediatric obesity : IJPO : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 1
%N 1
%P 42-9
%@ 1747-7166
%X The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on upper and lower limb functional strength and power in children, and to determine whether the ability to perform the daily activity of rising from a chair was compromised in obese children. It was hypothesised that obese children would display less upper and lower limb functionality compared to their non-obese counterparts.
%Z FOR Codes: 110601 111403 110299