%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Naing, Zin
%A Rayner, Benjamin
%A Killikulangara, Ananthen
%A Vunnam, Krishna
%A Leach, Steven
%A McIver, Christopher J
%A Scott, Gillian M
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Lui, Kei
%A Rawlinson, William D
%T Prevalence of viruses in stool of premature neonates at a neonatal intensive care unit.
%B Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom, Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 49
%N 3
%P E221-226
%@ 1034-4810
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111499 110804 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rana, Malay
%A Munns, Craig F
%A Selvadurai, Hiran
%A Briody, Julie
%A Craig, Maria E
%T The Impact Of Dysglycaemia On Bone Mineral Accrual In Young People With Cystic Fibrosis.
%B Clinical Endocrinology
%D 2013
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 78
%N 1
%P 36-42
%@ 0300-0664
%X OBJECTIVE: The effect of dysglycaemia on bone mineral density (BMD) has not been studied in young people with CF. We examined factors associated with BMD in a tertiary paediatric CF clinic. DESIGN: Retrospective, clinic-based study at The Children''s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney PATIENTS: Young people with CF aged ???18 years MEASUREMENTS: BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; main outcome measures were total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD and bone mineral content (BMC), and LS volumetric BMD (vBMD), reported as z scores for height. Dysglycaemia, based on oral glucose tolerance test, was defined as CF related diabetes (CFRD) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESULTS: Overall 14/81 (17%) had CFRD, 6 (7%) IGT and 61 (76%) normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Mean age was 14.9??2.4 years and mean height z score -0.68??1.39. Osteopenic (z score ???-2) TB, LS or FN BMD was present in 30/81 (37%), BMC in 42/81 (52%), and vBMD in 10/81 (5%). Across the three groups, there were differences in LS vBMD (CFRD -0.67+0.76; IGT-0.52+0.76; NGT -0.05+1.39, p=0.04), LS BMD (p<0.01), LS BMC (p=0.01) and TB BMD (p=0.01). In multivariate linear regression, LS BMC was associated with dysglycaemia (??=0.56, 95% CI 0.00-1.13, p=0.05) and approached significance for FEV(1) (??=0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.02, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Dysglycaemia is associated with reduced bone mass accrual in youth with CF, in addition to recognised factors such as abnormal lung function, poor nutritional status, and disease severity. Bone health assessment is essential in youth with CF. ?? 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 110311


%0 Book Section
%A Donaghue, Kim
%A Keech, Anthony
%A Craig, Maria
%A O'Connell, Philip
%T A 'cure' for diabetes and its complications
%B A Modern Epidemic
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Sydney University Press
%V 
%N 
%P 401-420
%@ 9781920899851
%E Twigg, Stephen
%E Magnusson, Roger S
%E Baur, Louise
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111716 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Lv, Jicheng
%A Perkovic, Vlado
%A Foote, Celine V
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Craig, Jonathan C
%A Strippoli, Giovanni Fm
%T Antihypertensive agents for preventing diabetic kidney disease.
%B Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
%V 12
%N 
%P CD004136
%@ 1469-493X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1103


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Yeung, Wing-Chi G
%A Al-Shabeeb, Ammira
%A Pang, Chi Nam Ignatius
%A Wilkins, Marc R
%A Catteau, Jacki
%A Howard, Neville J
%A Rawlinson, William D
%A Craig, Maria E
%T Children with islet autoimmunity and enterovirus infection demonstrate a distinct cytokine profile.
%B Diabetes
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Diabetes Association
%V 61
%N 6
%P 1500-1508
%@ 0012-1797
%X Cytokines are upregulated in prediabetes, but their relationship with Enterovirus (EV) infection and development of islet autoimmunity is unknown. Cytokines (n = 65) were measured using Luminex xMAP technology in a nested case-control study of 67 children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes: 27 with islet autoantibodies (Ab(+)) and 40 age-matched persistently autoantibody negative (Ab(-)) control subjects. Of 74 samples, 37 (50%) were EV-PCR(+) in plasma and/or stool (EV(+)) and the remainder were negative for EV and other viruses (EV(-)). Fifteen cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were elevated (P ??? 0.01) in Ab(+) versus Ab(-) children (interleukin [IL]-1??, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12(p70), IL-16, IL-17, IL-20, IL-21, IL-28A, tumor necrosis factor-??, chemokine C-C motif ligand [CCL]13, CCL26, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and thrombopoietin); most have proinflammatory effects. In EV(+) versus EV(-) children, IL-10 was higher (P = 0.005), while IL-21 was lower (P = 0.008). Cytokine levels did not differ between Ab(+)EV(+) and Ab(+)EV(-) children. Heat maps demonstrated clustering of some proinflammatory cytokines in Ab(+) children, suggesting they are coordinately regulated. In conclusion, children with islet autoimmunity demonstrate higher levels of multiple cytokines, consistent with an active inflammatory process in the prediabetic state, which is unrelated to coincident EV infection. Apart from differences in IL-10 and IL-21, EV infection was not associated with a specific cytokine profile.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 60506


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Pham-Short, A
%A Donaghue, K C
%A Ambler, G
%A Chan, A K
%A Craig, M E
%T Coeliac disease in Type 1 diabetes from 1990 to 2009: higher incidence in young children after longer diabetes duration.
%B Diabetic Medicine
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 29
%N 9
%P e286-e289
%@ 1464-5491
%X Aims ???To determine the incidence of coeliac disease in young people with Type???1 diabetes and to examine the effect of age at diabetes onset and disease duration. Methods ???This was a clinic-based observational cohort study of 4379 people aged ??????18???years (49% male) between 1990 and 2009 from Sydney, Australia. Screening for coeliac disease was performed at diagnosis and 1-2???yearly using anti-endomysial and/or anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin???A (IgA) antibodies. Coeliac disease was diagnosed by small bowel biopsy based on Marsh score ??????III. Results ???Coeliac disease was confirmed by biopsy in 185; of these, 61 (33%) were endomysial or tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody-positive at diabetes diagnosis. Mean age at diabetes onset was 6.6????????4.0 vs. 8.4????????4.1???years in those without coeliac disease (P???<???0.001). Mean incidence was 7.7 per 1000 person years (95%???CI 6.6-8.9) over 20???years. Incidence was higher in children aged <???5???years at diabetes diagnosis (10.4 per 1000 person years) vs. ??????5???years (6.4 per 1000), incidence rate ratio 1.6 (95%???CI 1.2-2.2, P???=???0.002). Coeliac disease was diagnosed after 2, 5 and 10???years of diabetes in 45 78 and 94% of cases, respectively. Median time to coeliac disease diagnosis was longer in children aged <???5???years at diabetes onset (3.3???years) compared with older children (0.7???years, P???<???0.001). Conclusions ???Coeliac disease is common in young people with Type???1 diabetes; the risk is greatest with diabetes onset <???5???years, but after longer diabetes duration. Screening for coeliac disease should be performed at diabetes diagnosis and for at least 10???years in young children. ?? 2012 The Sydney Children''s Hospitals Network (SCHN). Diabetic Medicine ?? 2012 Diabetes UK.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 110307


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Claessen, Femke M A P
%A Donaghue, Kim
%A Craig, Maria
%T Consistently high incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 197
%N 4
%P 216
%@ 1326-5377
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Scott, Gillian M
%A Chow, Sharon S W
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Pang, Chi N I
%A Hall, Beverley
%A Wilkins, Marc R
%A Jones, Cheryl A
%A Lloyd, Andrew R
%A Rawlinson, William D
%T Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy with maternofetal transmission induces a proinflammatory cytokine bias in placenta and amniotic fluid.
%B Journal of Infectious Diseases
%D 2012
%C United States
%I University of Chicago Press
%V 205
%N 8
%P 1305-1310
%@ 0022-1899
%X Congenital infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) can induce immune responses and placental damage. By use of immunoassay panels, 27 cytokines were assessed in midtrimester amniotic fluid from 8 patients with congenital CMV, in midtrimester sera from 12 pregnant women with primary CMV infection, and in amniotic fluid and serum from uninfected maternal controls. Levels of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor ??, interleukin 1??, interleukin 12, and interleukin 17; the chemokines CCL2, CCL4, and CXCL10; and the growth factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and platelet-derived growth factor bb were significantly elevated in amniotic fluid from congenital CMV patients (P < .01). Only CXCL10 was significantly higher in sera from CMV-infected pregnant women. CMV infection during pregnancy is associated with a shift in cytokine expression toward a proinflammatory state.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110804 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Yeung, Wing-Chi G
%A Rawlinson, William D
%A Craig, Maria E
%T Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational molecular studies.
%B BMJ
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 342
%N 
%P d35
%@ 1468-5833
%X To review the association between current enterovirus infection diagnosed with molecular testing and development of autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 60506 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cho, Yoon Hi
%A Besser, Rachel E J
%A Craig, Maria E
%T Highlights from the 37th Annual Meeting for ISPAD, Miami.
%B Pediatric Diabetes
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 13
%N 1
%P 124-131
%@ 1399-5448
%X The 37th Annual Meeting for the International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes was held in Miami Beach, Florida, USA. The meeting, titled ''Possibilities for Prevention and Diabetes and its Complications'', attracted over 1000 delegates from 52 countries. Fifty-six oral abstracts were presented, along with 294 posters, representing the diversity of research and clinical innovations in the field of pediatric and adolescent diabetes around the world. Abstracts to the Oral and Poster Sessions can be found in a recent supplement of Pediatric Diabetes. Here are some highlights from the plenary sessions, symposia, and oral presentations.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hamilton, Stuart T
%A Scott, Gillian
%A Naing, Zin
%A Iwasenko, Jenna
%A Hall, Beverley
%A Graf, Nicole
%A Arbuckle, Susan
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Rawlinson, William D
%T Human cytomegalovirus-induces cytokine changes in the placenta with implications for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
%B PLoS One
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Public Library of Science
%V 7
%N 12
%P e52899
%@ 1932-6203
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110309 60506


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Balzer, Ben W R
%A Graham, Christie L
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Selvadurai, Hiran
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%A Brand-Miller, Jennie C
%A Steinbeck, Kate S
%T Low glycaemic index dietary interventions in youth with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and discussion of the clinical implications.
%B Nutrients
%D 2012
%C Switzerland
%I M D P I AG
%V 4
%N 4
%P 286-296
%@ 2072-6643
%X A systematic review was conducted to assess what is known about the effect of low glycaemic index (GI) diets on glycaemic control, weight and quality of life in youth with cystic fibrosis (CF). Eligibility criteria were systematic reviews, randomised and non-randomised trials of low GI dietary interventions in CF. Outcomes examined were glycaemic control, quality of life, anthropometry and respiratory function. Reference lists were manually searched and experts in the field were consulted. Four studies met the eligibility criteria; two were excluded because they did not include data on any of the outcomes. The remaining two were studies that examined GI secondary to any other intervention: one used GI as a factor in enteral feeds and the other incorporated low GI dietary education into its treatment methodology. There is insufficient evidence to recommend use of low GI diets in CF. Since there is evidence to support use of low GI diets in type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes, low GI diets should be tested as an intervention for CF. The potential risks and benefits of a low GI diet in CF are discussed.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 110399


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Benitez-Aguirre, Paul Z
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Jenkins, Alicia J
%A Gallego, Patricia H
%A Cusumano, Janine
%A Duffin, Anthony C
%A Hing, Stephen
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Plantar fascia thickness is longitudinally associated with retinopathy and renal dysfunction: a prospective study from adolescence to adulthood.
%B Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Diabetes Technology Society
%V 6
%N 2
%P 348-355
%@ 1932-2968
%X The aim was to study the longitudinal relationship between plantar fascia thickness (PFT) as a measure of tissue glycation and microvascular (MV) complications in young persons with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 110312


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Benitez-Aguirre, Paul Z
%A Sasongko, Muhammad Bayu
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Jenkins, Alicia J
%A Cusumano, Janine
%A Cheung, Ning
%A Wong, Tien Yin
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Retinal vascular geometry predicts incident renal dysfunction in young people with type 1 diabetes.
%B Diabetes Care
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Diabetes Association
%V 35
%N 3
%P 599-604
%@ 0149-5992
%X To examine the relationship between retinal vascular geometry parameters and development of incident renal dysfunction in young people with type 1 diabetes.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 111301


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%A Cameron, Fergus J
%A Silink, Martin
%T Change of HbA1c reporting to the new SI units.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 195
%N 9
%P 514-515
%@ 1326-5377
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Downie, Elizabeth
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Hing, Stephen
%A Cusumano, Janine
%A Chan, Albert K F
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Continued reduction in the prevalence of retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: role of insulin therapy and glycemic control.
%B Diabetes Care
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Diabetes Association
%V 34
%N 11
%P 2368-2373
%@ 0149-5992
%X To examine trends in microvascular complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes between 1990 and 2009 in Sydney, Australia.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 1103


%0 Journal Article
%A Tran, Fiona
%A Vu, Dung
%A Nguyen, Hoan T.
%A Bui, Thao P.
%A Huynh, Loan T.
%A Nguyen, Khanh P.
%A Nguyen, Van T.
%A Tran, Hiep M.
%A Tran, Dong
%A Hoang, Thuy D.
%A Harkin, Nuala
%A Armstrong, Kate
%A Jameson, Karen
%A Pham, Anna
%A Chris, Cowell
%A Maria, Craig
%T Glycaemic control in children with neonatal diabetes and type 1
diabetes in Vietnam
%B International Health
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Elsevier Ltd
%V 3
%N 3
%P 188-192
%@ 1876-3413
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111102


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Iwasenko, Jenna M
%A Howard, Jonathan
%A Arbuckle, Susan
%A Graf, Nicole
%A Hall, Beverley
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Rawlinson, William D
%T Human cytomegalovirus infection is detected frequently in stillbirths and is associated with fetal thrombotic vasculopathy.
%B The Journal of Infectious Diseases
%D 2011
%C United States
%I University of Chicago Press
%V 203
%N 11
%P 1526-1533
%@ 0022-1899
%X (See the editorial commentary by Pereira, on pages 1510-2.) Background.???Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection in developed countries and is a known cause of intrauterine fetal death. We examined CMV infection in stillbirths and the relationship with histopathological findings at autopsy. Methods.???We collected liver, kidney, and placenta specimens from 130 stillbirths. CMV DNA and protein were detected using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, along with routine autopsy of stillborn infants. Results.???Overall, CMV DNA was detected in 15% of singleton, >20-week stillborn infants. CMV DNA was detected in kidney (9%), liver (11%), and placenta (5%) specimens, with 75% of infections confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy was the only histopathological abnormality associated with CMV infection (in 60% CMV-infected vs 28% uninfected stillbirths P = .010). Conclusions.???Stillbirth has multiple etiologies. However, the detection of CMV DNA in 15% of fetal tissues or placentae suggests a strong association between CMV infection in pregnancy and stillbirth. Molecular testing during postmortem investigation has an important role to determine the contribution of CMV infection.
%Z FOR Codes: 60506 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rana, Malay
%A Munns, Craig F
%A Selvadurai, Hiran C
%A Simonds, Sharon
%A Cooper, Peter J
%A Woodhead, Helen J
%A Hameed, Shihab
%A Verge, Charles F
%A Lafferty, Antony R
%A Crock, Patricia A
%A Craig, Maria E
%T Increased detection of cystic-fibrosis-related diabetes in Australia.
%B Archives of Disease in Childhood
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 96
%N 9
%P 823-826
%@ 1468-2044
%X To estimate the incidence of cystic-fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) in youth from New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia and to examine demographic/clinical features at diagnosis.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 110399 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cho, Yoon Hi
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Hing, Stephen
%A Gallego, Patricia H
%A Poon, Myra
%A Chan, Albert
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Microvascular complications assessment in adolescents with 2- to 5-yr duration of type 1 diabetes from 1990 to 2006.
%B Pediatric diabetes
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 12
%N 8
%P 682-9
%@ 1399-5448
%X Microvascular complications occur in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, although guidelines vary as to when screening should commence and prevalence data for those with ???5-yr duration are limited. We therefore investigated trends in prevalence of early microvascular complications over 17 yr.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Book
%A Craig, Maria
%A Twigg, Stephen
%A Donaghue, Kim
%A Cheung, Ngai
%A Cameron, FJ
%A Conn, J
%A Jenkins, AJ
%T National Evidence-Based
Clinical Care Guidelines for
Type 1 Diabetes in Children,
Adolescents and Adults
%B 
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Australian Government Department of Health and Age
%V 
%N 
%P 
%@ 9780987220301
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111717


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hameed, Shihab
%A Ellard, Sian
%A Woodhead, Helen J
%A Neville, Kristen A
%A Walker, Jan L
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Armstrong, Taylor
%A Yu, Liping
%A Eisenbarth, George S
%A Hattersley, Andrew T
%A Verge, Charles F
%T Persistently autoantibody negative (PAN) type 1 diabetes mellitus in children.
%B Pediatric Diabetes
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 12
%N 3 Pt 1
%P 142-149
%@ 1399-5448
%X Hameed S, Ellard S, Woodhead HJ, Neville KA, Walker JL, Craig ME, Armstrong T, Yu L, Eisenbarth GS, Hattersley AT, Verge CF. Persistently autoantibody negative (PAN) type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. Background: Autoantibody-negative children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes might have unrecognized monogenic or type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods: At diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (between ages 0.5 and 16.3 yr, n = 470), autoantibodies [glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA2), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and/or islet cell antibody (ICA)] were positive (ab+) in 330 and negative in 37 (unknown in 103). Autoantibody-negative patients were retested at median diabetes duration of 3.2 yr (range 0.9-16.2) for autoantibodies (GAD, IA2, ZnT8), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, non-fasting C-peptide, and sequencing of HNF4A, HNF1A, KCNJ11, and INS. Results: Nineteen (5% of 367) remained persistently autoantibody negative (PAN), 17 were positive on repeat testing (PORT), and 1 refused retesting. No mutations were found in PORT. One PAN was heterozygous for P112L mutation in HNF1A and transferred from insulin to oral gliclazide. Another PAN transferred to metformin and the diagnosis was revised to type 2 diabetes. The remaining 17 PAN were indistinguishable from the ab+ group by clinical characteristics. HLA genotype was at high risk for type 1 diabetes in 82% of remaining PAN and 100% of PORT. After excluding patients with diabetes duration <1 yr, C-peptide was detectable more frequently in the remaining PAN (7/16) and PORT (6/17) than in a random selection of ab+ (3/28, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes should be reevaluated in PAN patients, because a subset has monogenic or type 2 diabetes. The remaining PAN have relatively preserved C-peptide compared with ab+, suggesting slower ??-cell destruction, but a very high frequency of diabetogenic HLA, implying that type 1B (idiopathic) diabetes is rare.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Benitez-Aguirre, Paul
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Sasongko, Muhammad Bayu
%A Jenkins, Alicia J
%A Wong, Tien Yin
%A Wang, Jie Jin
%A Cheung, Ning
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Retinal Vascular Geometry Predicts Incident Retinopathy in Young People With Type 1 Diabetes: A prospective cohort study from adolescence.
%B Diabetes care
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Diabetes Association
%V 34
%N 7
%P 1622-7
%@ 0149-5992
%X To examine the association between retinal vascular geometry and subsequent development of incident retinopathy in young patients with type 1 diabetes.
%Z FOR Codes: 110399


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kaur, Harleen
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%A Chan, Albert K
%A Benitez-Aguirre, Paul
%A Hing, Stephen
%A Lloyd, Margaret
%A Cusumano, Janine
%A Pryke, Alison
%A Craig, Maria E
%T Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Retinopathy in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.
%B Diabetes care
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Diabetes Association
%V 34
%N 6
%P 1400-2
%@ 0149-5992
%X To examine the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with an increased prevalence of microvascular complications in young people with type 1 diabetes.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Rana, Malay
%A Munns, Craig F
%A Selvadurai, Hiran
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%A Craig, Maria E
%A , Medscape
%T Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes in children-gaps in the evidence?
%B Nature reviews. Endocrinology
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 6
%N 7
%P 371-8
%@ 1759-5037
%X As the life span of patients with cystic fibrosis has increased, so has the prevalence of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus. However, screening practices for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus vary widely, which affects accurate estimates of the health burden of this comorbidity. The management of prediabetes and hyperglycemia is an increasingly important aspect of care in patients with cystic fibrosis, but few studies have specifically addressed the management of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus. Previous studies support the use of insulin for the treatment of patients with this disorder, but the evidence for its use in patients with cystic fibrosis and impaired glucose tolerance is poor. Nutritional management is currently guided by dietary recommendations for individuals with cystic fibrosis, with little evidence specific to the dietary management of patients with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus. Additionally, microvascular complications have become more frequent as a result of the rise in life expectancy of these patients, yet to date no intervention studies have addressed prevention or management of diabetic complications in patients with cystic fibrosis. A strong evidence base is needed to guide the management of patients with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus and its complications.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nair, Sandhya
%A Leung, Kin-Chuen
%A Rawlinson, William D
%A Naing, Zin
%A Craig, Maria E
%T Enterovirus infection induces cytokine and chemokine expression in insulin-producing cells.
%B Journal of Medical Virology
%D 2010
%C United States
%I John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
%V 82
%N 11
%P 1950-1957
%@ 0146-6615
%X Despite evidence supporting an association between enterovirus (EV) infection and type 1 diabetes, the etiological mechanism(s) for EV-induced beta cell destruction is(are) not well understood. In this study, the effects of Coxsackievirus B (CVB) 1-6 on cell lysis and cytokine/chemokine expression in the insulinoma-1 (INS-1) beta cell line were investigated. Cytolysis was assessed using tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID(50)). Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure viral RNA and mRNA of cytokines interferon (IFN)-??, IFN-??, IFN-??, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-??, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) in infected INS-1 cells. CVB2, 4, 5, and 6 lysed and replicated in INS-1 cells; TCID(50) was lowest for CVB5 and highest for CVB6. IFN-??, CXCL10, and CCL5 mRNA levels all increased significantly following infection with CVB2, 4, 5, and 6 (P???<???0.05). CCL2 mRNA increased with CVB2, 5, and 6 (P???<???0.05), IFN-?? mRNA increased with CVB5 infection (P???<???0.05), while TNF-?? mRNA and IFN-?? mRNA (P???<???0.001) increased with CVB2 infection. Dose-dependent effects of infection on cytokine mRNA levels were observed for all (P???<???0.01) except IFN-??. Following inoculation of INS-1 cells with CVB1 and 3, viral RNA was not detected and cytokine/chemokine mRNA levels were unchanged. In conclusion, CVB2, 4, 5, and 6 induce dose-dependent cytokine and chemokine mRNA production from INS-1 cells suggesting that pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion by beta cells is a potential mechanism for EV-induced beta cell damage in type 1 diabetes. J. Med. Virol. 82:1950-1957, 2010. ?? 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
%Z FOR Codes: 110804 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Garnett, Sarah P
%A Srinivasan, Shubha
%A Birt, Stewart G
%A Ambler, Geoffrey R
%A Lawrie, Elizabeth A
%A Cowell, Chris T
%A Craig, Maria E
%T Evaluation of glycaemic status in young people with clinical insulin resistance; fasting glucose, fasting insulin or an oral glucose tolerance test?
%B Clinical endocrinology
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 72
%N 4
%P 475-80
%@ 1365-2265
%X It is important to identify young people with prediabetes for early intervention. However, it is unclear how to best screen overweight and obese young people for prediabetes. The objective of this study was to compare fasting indices with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in diagnosing prediabetes.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Warne, Garry L
%A Armstrong, Katrina L
%A Faunce, Thomas A
%A Wilcken, Bridget M
%A Boneh, Avihu
%A Geelhoed, Elizabeth
%A Craig, Maria E
%T The case for newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Australia.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 192
%N 2
%P 107
%@ 0025-729X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Leung, Kin-Chuen
%A Xu, Aimin
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Martin, Allison
%A Lam, Karen S L
%A O'Sullivan, Anthony J
%T Adiponectin isoform distribution in women--relationship to female sex steroids and insulin sensitivity.
%B Metabolism
%D 2009
%C United States
%I WB Saunders Co.
%V 58
%N 2
%P 239-245
%@ 1532-8600
%X Little is known about the associations between adiponectin and its oligomeric isoforms with female sex steroids, and the relevance of these relationships to insulin sensitivity in women. In a cross-sectional study of 32 healthy women (12 premenopausal, 10 postmenopausal, and 10 early pregnant), we investigated the correlations of total adiponectin and the high-, medium-, and low-molecular weight oligomers (HMW, MMW, and LMW, respectively) with estrogen, progesterone, adiposity, and insulin resistance. Fat mass and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, insulin, glucose, and total and isoform adiponectin were measured. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Serum concentrations of total and HMW adiponectin were highest in postmenopausal women and lowest in pregnant women. Concentrations of the MMW and LMW isoforms were not significantly different between the 3 groups. Total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, and MMW adiponectin were negatively associated with estradiol and progesterone; but no associations between the LMW isoform and female sex steroids were observed. Fat mass and HOMA-IR were highest in pregnant women and lowest in premenopausal women. The HOMA-IR was positively associated with fat mass, estradiol, and progesterone, and negatively associated with total, HMW, and MMW adiponectin. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis revealed that fat mass explained 34% of the variance in HOMA-IR and that total and isoform adiponectin contributed an additional 10% to 15%. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, there were significant interactions of estradiol and progesterone with adiponectin or fat mass in the associations with HOMA-IR. In conclusion, there are strong negative associations of serum adiponectin and some of its isoforms with estradiol and progesterone. Female sex steroids are likely to affect insulin sensitivity through modulation of adiponectin and body fat.
%Z FOR Codes: 606


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Catanzariti, L.
%A Faulks, K.
%A Moon, L.
%A Waters, A. M.
%A Flack, J.
%A Craig, M. E.
%T Australia''s national trends in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in 0-14-year-olds, 2000-2006
%B Diabetic Medicine
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 26
%N 6
%P 596-601
%@ 0742-3071
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Hattersley, Andrew
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Definition, epidemiology and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents.
%B Pediatric Diabetes
%D 2009
%C Denmark, United King
%I Wiley-Blackwell Munksgaard
%V 10
%N Suppl 12
%P 3-12
%@ 1399-5448
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Wong, Catherine H
%A Alexander, Joanna
%A Maguire, Ann M
%A Silink, Martin
%T Delayed referral of new-onset type 1 diabetes increases the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 190
%N 4
%P 219
%@ 0025-729X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wolfsdorf, Joseph
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Daneman, Denis
%A Dunger, David
%A Edge, Julie
%A Lee, Warren
%A Rosenbloom, Arlan
%A Sperling, Mark
%A Hanas, Ragnar
%T Diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with diabetes.
%B Pediatric Diabetes
%D 2009
%C Denmark, United King
%I Wiley-Blackwell Munksgaard
%V 10
%N Suppl 12
%P 118-133
%@ 1399-5448
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110306


%0 Journal Article
%A Craig, Maria
%A Huang, Chi-Yu
%T Type-2 diabetes in childhood: incidence and prognosis
%B Paediatrics and Child Health
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I The Medicine Publishing Company
%V 19
%N 7
%P 321-326
%@ 1751-7222
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Howard, Jonathan
%A Hall, Beverley
%A Brennan, Lyndall Eve
%A Arbuckle, Susan
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Graf, Nicole
%A Rawlinson, William
%T Utility of newborn screening cards for detecting CMV infection in cases of stillbirth.
%B Journal of Clinical Virology
%D 2009
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 44
%N 3
%P 215-218
%@ 1873-5967
%X BACKGROUND: CMV infection may cause intrauterine deaths including stillbirths (intrauterine deaths at > or =20 weeks gestation). In 2005, there were 1979 stillbirths in Australia, which is almost double the number of deaths reported for all children between 1 and 14 years age. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the diagnostic utility of testing for the presence of CMV in newborn blood screening cards (NBSC) collected from stillborn babies, who had no known cause of death after post-mortem. STUDY DESIGN: Blood taken at post-mortem by cardiac puncture of 107 stillborn babies between July 2005 and December 2006, was spotted onto NBSC. CMV infection was detected using nested PCR targeting the glycoprotein gene, gp58. RESULTS: Of the 107 stillborn infants, 10 (9%) were CMV positive. The rate of CMV infection did not differ between early stillbirths (8%) and late stillbirths (9%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of NBSC is a convenient and accurate method for CMV detection in stillbirths. It is easily collected, less laborious than viral culture, diagnostically useful and could be applied for epidemiological and retrospective investigation of the virus in the stillbirth population.
%Z FOR Codes: 104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Bowyer, Lucy
%A Catling-Paull, Christine
%A Diamond, Terrence
%A Homer, Caroline
%A Davis, Gregory
%A Craig, Maria E
%T Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium levels in pregnant women and their neonates.
%B Clinical endocrinology
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 70
%N 0
%P 372-7
%@ 0300-0664
%X To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their neonates and to examine factors associated with vitamin D deficiency.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111402 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gallego, Patricia H
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Duffin, Anthony C
%A Bennetts, Bruce
%A Jenkins, Alicia J
%A Hofer, Sabine
%A Lam, Albert
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Association between p.Leu54Met Polymorphism at the Paraoxonase-1 Gene and Plantar Fascia Thickness in Young Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes.
%B Diabetes care
%D 2008
%C United States
%I American Diabetes Association
%V 31
%N 8
%P 1585-9
%@ 0149-5992
%X In type 1 diabetes, plantar fascia, a collagen-rich tissue, is susceptible to glycation and oxidation. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-bound antioxidant enzyme. PON1 polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to macro- and microvascular complications. We investigated the relationship between plantar fascia thickness (PFT) and PON1 gene variants, p.Leu54Met, p.Gln192Arg, and c.-107C>T, in type 1 diabetes.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chow, Sharon S W
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Jones, Cheryl A
%A Hall, Beverley
%A Catteau, Jacki
%A Lloyd, Andrew R
%A Rawlinson, William D
%T Differences in amniotic fluid and maternal serum cytokine levels in early midtrimester women without evidence of infection.
%B Cytokine
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Academic Press
%V 44
%N 1
%P 78-84
%@ 1096-0023
%X The amniotic fluid cytokine profile has been shown to be indicative of various disease states, and changes may be associated with preterm labor or infection. Anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles may be essential for successful normal pregnancy. However, there are currently few normative data on the concentration of cytokines in amniotic fluids during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to provide new amniotic fluid cytokine data for future comparative studies in disease states, notably in utero viral infections, and to compare these with maternal serum levels. Amniotic fluid was obtained from 100 pregnant women undergoing elective amniocentesis at the Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick. Concentrations of 27 cytokines were simultaneously measured in amniotic fluid and a subset of matching maternal sera (n=33) using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay system (Bio-Plex, Bio-Rad). To exclude infection, nested multiplex PCR targeting 17 known congenital infectious agents were performed on all amniotic fluid and maternal serum samples, and serological testing was also performed against some of these agents. Maternal serum concentration was positively correlated with amniotic fluid levels for MIP-1beta (r=0.39, P=0.027). IL-1ra was positively correlated to maternal age (r=0.210, P=0.036), and mean IL-5 levels were significantly higher in amniotic fluids from pregnancies with male fetuses than those with female fetuses (P=0.036). Normal amniotic fluid concentrations for five cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, IL-1ra) were found to be significantly elevated over maternal serum concentrations in matched pairs (P<0.05). Concentrations of 12 cytokines (eotaxin, IFN-gamma, IL-9, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, RANTES, TNF-alpha, VEGF, PDGF bb) were significantly elevated in maternal serum compared to paired amniotic fluid at midtrimester (P<0.05). Amniotic fluid may be more representative of the fetal cytokine profile than cytokine analysis on antenatal sera as it represents predominantly fetal urinary and respiratory secretions. This study provides new normative data for multiple cytokine levels in amniotic fluid and maternal sera at 14-16 weeks gestation, and is a valuable tool for future diagnostic and comparative studies.
%Z FOR Codes: 110804 111401 110701


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Maguire, Ann M
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Cowell, Christopher T
%T Management of adrenal insufficiency during the stress of medical illness and surgery.Comment.
%B The Medical journal of Australia
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd
%V 189
%N 6
%P 350
%@ 1326-5377
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110399 110399


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Duffin, Anthony C
%A Gallego, Patricia H
%A Lam, Albert
%A Cusumano, Janine
%A Hing, Stephen
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Plantar fascia thickness, a measure of tissue glycation, predicts the development of complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
%B Diabetes Care
%D 2008
%C United States
%I American Diabetes Association
%V 31
%N 6
%P 1201-1206
%@ 0149-5992
%X OBJECTIVE: Direct measurement of collagen glycation requires skin biopsy, which is invasive. We hypothesized that measurement of plantar fascia thickness (PFT) by ultrasound is an alternative index of tissue glycation and a marker of microvascular disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective longitudinal study of microvascular complications in 344 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, whose PFT was assessed by ultrasound at baseline. Retinopathy was assessed by seven-field fundal photography, albumin excretion rate (AER) measured from three consecutive timed overnight urine specimens, autonomic neuropathy by pupillometry and cardiovascular tests, and peripheral neuropathy by vibration and thermal thresholds. Longitudinal analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations with baseline PFT, duration, and A1C as explanatory variables. RESULTS: At first assessment, median (interquartile range) age was 15.1 (13.5-17.2) years and diabetes duration was 8.5 (6.0-11.5) years. Median follow up was 3.2 (2.1-4.5) years with a median of 4 (2-13) complications assessments per patient. In multivariate analysis, baseline PFT (abnormal in 132 subjects, 38%) predicted subsequent development of retinopathy (odds ratio 2.4 [95% CI 1.1-5.0]), elevated AER (2.24 [1.05-5.11]), peripheral neuropathy (2.3 [1.2-4.41]), and autonomic neuropathy (4.94 [2.46-9.91]). Limited joint mobility was present in only 4%. CONCLUSIONS: PFT is a significant predictor of the subsequent development of complications in type 1 diabetes, suggesting that glycation and oxidation of collagen in soft tissues may be independent risk factors for microvascular complications.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Gallego, Patricia Herold
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Hing, Stephen
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Role of blood pressure in development of early retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: prospective cohort study.
%B BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Publishing Group
%V 337
%N 
%P a918
%@ 0959-8138
%X OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between blood pressure and the development of early retinopathy in adolescents with childhood onset type 1 diabetes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Diabetes Complications Assessment Service at the Children''s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: 1869 patients with type 1 diabetes (54% female) screened for retinopathy with baseline median age 13.4 (interquartile range 12.0-15.2) years, duration 4.9 (3.1-7.0) years, and albumin excretion rate of 4.4 (3.1-6.8) microg/min plus a subgroup of 1093 patients retinopathy-free at baseline and followed for a median 4.1 (2.4-6.6) years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Early background retinopathy; blood pressure. RESULTS: Overall, retinopathy developed in 673 (36%) participants at any time point. In the retinopathy-free group, higher systolic blood pressure (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 1.003 to 1.02) and diastolic blood pressure (1.01, 1.002 to 1.03) were predictors of retinopathy, after adjustment for albumin excretion rate (1.27, 1.13 to 1.42), haemoglobin A(1c) (1.08, 1.02 to 1.15), duration of diabetes (1.16, 1.13 to 1.19), age (1.13, 1.08 to 1.17), and height (0.98, 0.97 to 0.99). In a subgroup of 1025 patients with albumin excretion rate below 7.5 microg/min, the cumulative risk of retinopathy at 10 years'' duration of diabetes was higher for those with systolic blood pressure on or above the 90th centile compared with those below the 90th centile (58% v 35%, P=0.03). The risk was also higher for patients with diastolic blood pressure on or above the 90th centile compared with those below the 90th centile (57% v 35%, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are predictors of retinopathy and increase the probability of early retinopathy independently of incipient nephropathy in young patients with type 1 diabetes.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403 110399


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Stone, Monique L
%A Walker, Jan L
%A Chisholm, Donald
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%A Crock, Patricia
%A Anderson, Donald
%A Verge, Charles F
%T The addition of rosiglitazone to insulin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and poor glycaemic control: a randomized-controlled trial.
%B Pediatric diabetes
%D 2008
%C Denmark
%I Wiley-Blackwell Munksgaard
%V 9
%N 4 Pt 1
%P 326-34
%@ 1399-5448
%X To evaluate the effect of rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer, on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of rosiglitazone (4 mg twice daily) vs. placebo (24 wk each, with a 4 wk washout period). Entry criteria were diabetes duration >1 yr, age 10-18 yr, puberty (>or=Tanner breast stage 2 or testicular volume >4 mL), insulin dose >or=1.1 units/kg/day, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >8%. Responses to rosiglitazone were compared with placebo using paired t-tests.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Maguire, Ann M
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Craighead, Anne
%A Chan, Albert K F
%A Cusumano, Janine M
%A Hing, Stephen J
%A Silink, Martin
%A Howard, Neville J
%A Donaghue, Kim C
%T Autonomic nerve testing predicts the development of complications: a 12-year follow-up study.
%B Diabetes care
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Amer Diabetes Association
%V 30
%N 1
%P 77-82
%@ 0149-5992
%X OBJECTIVE: Cardiac autonomic nerve tests have predicted increased mortality in adults with diabetes, predominantly due to nephropathy, cardiac disease, and hypoglycemia. The significance of subclinical autonomic nerve test abnormalities has not been systematically studied in adolescents. We aimed to reassess an adolescent cohort, whose autonomic nervous system had been tested 12 years earlier by both pupillometry and cardiovascular tests. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: From 1990 to 1993, adolescents with type 1 diabetes (n = 335) were assessed for autonomic neuropathy (median age 14.7 years [interquartile range 13.0-16.8], duration of diabetes 6.3 years [4.0-9.6], and A1C 8.3% [7.5-9.4]). Between 2003 and 2005, contact was made with 59% of the original group. Individual assessment 12 years later included completion of a validated hypoglycemia unawareness questionnaire (n = 123) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (n = 99) and retinal (n = 102) screening, as well as analysis of reports from external doctors (n = 35). RESULTS: At baseline, there was no difference in age, duration of diabetes, or complications between those who participated in the follow-up phase (n = 137) and those who did not participate (n = 196). However, baseline A1C was lower in the follow-up participants (8.2 vs. 8.5% for participants vs. nonparticipants, respectively, P = 0.031). At 12 years of follow-up, 93% were aware and 7% were unaware that they had hypoglycemia; 32 (31%) had no retinopathy, but 10% required laser therapy, and 80 (81%) had no microalbuminuria. Small pupil size at baseline was independently associated with the development of microalbuminuria (odds ratio 4.36 [95% CI 1.32-14.42], P = 0.016) and retinopathy (4.83 [1.3-17.98], P = 0.019) but not with the development of hypoglycemia unawareness. There was no association with baseline cardiovascular tests and the development of complications 12 years later. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found an association between baseline pupillometry tests and the presence of microalbuminuria and retinopathy at 12 years of follow-up. This suggests that pupillometry abnormalities may be early indicators of patients who are at high risk of future microvascular disease.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Jones, Timothy W
%A Silink, Martin
%A Ping, Yeo Jing
%A , On behalf of the International Diabetes Federation Western Pacific Region Steering Committee.
%T Diabetes care, glycemic control, and complications in children with type 1 diabetes from Asia and the Western Pacific Region.
%B Journal of diabetes and its complications
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Elsevier Inc.
%V 21
%N 5
%P 280-287
%@ 1056-8727
%X AIMS: The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing in many parts of Asia, where resources may not enable targets for glycemic control to be achieved. The aims of this study were to describe glycemic control, diabetes care, and complications in youth with type 1 diabetes from the Western Pacific Region and to identify factors associated with glycemic control and hypoglycemia. METHODS: A cross-sectional clinic-based study on 2312 children and adolescents (aged <18 years; 45% males) from 96 pediatric diabetes centers in Australia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand was conducted. Clinical and management details were recorded, and finger-pricked blood samples were obtained for central glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)). RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 12.5 years [interquartile range (IQR)=9.4-15.3 years]; diabetes duration, 4.4 years (IQR=2.5-7.2 years); and HbA(1c) level, 8.3% (IQR 7.4%-9.7%). Insulin treatment consisted of one or two daily injections in 61% of the patients (range=22%-90% by country), and home blood glucose monitoring (range=67%-100%) was practiced by 96%. HbA(1c) level was significantly associated with country, age, diabetes duration, sex, insulin dose per kilogram, insulin regimen, and frequency of home blood glucose measurement in multiple regression analysis. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia, defined as any episode requiring assistance in the previous 3 months, was 73 per 100 patient-years and was associated with country, male sex, higher HbA(1c) level, an insulin regimen with three or more injections, and more frequent home blood glucose testing. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 10 per 100 patient-years and was associated with country, higher HbA(1c) level, and higher insulin dose per kilogram. CONCLUSIONS: There is marked variability in glycemic control, hypoglycemia, complication rates, and diabetes care among children from the Western Pacific Region. Most are not achieving adequate glycemic control, placing them at high risk of microvascular complications.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Wolfsdorf, Joseph
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Daneman, Denis
%A Dunger, David
%A Edge, Julie
%A Lee, W R Warren
%A Rosenbloom, Arlan
%A Sperling, Mark A
%A Hanas, Ragnar
%A , International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes
%T Diabetic ketoacidosis.
%B Pediatric diabetes
%D 2007
%C Denmark, USA.
%I Blackwell Munskgaard
%V 8
%N 1
%P 28-43
%@ 1399-543X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Chong, Jia W
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Cameron, Fergus J
%A Clarke, Caroline F
%A Rodda, Christine P
%A Donath, Susan M
%A Werther, George A
%T Marked increase in type 1 diabetes mellitus incidence in children aged 0-14 yr in Victoria, Australia, from 1999 to 2002.
%B Pediatric diabetes
%D 2007
%C Denmark, USA.
%I Blackwell Munskgaard
%V 8
%N 2
%P 67-73
%@ 1399-543X
%X OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to (i) determine the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children aged <15 yr in Victoria, Australia, from 1999 to 2002 and (ii) to analyze trends in incidence over this period. METHODS: Prospective population-based incidence study. The primary source of case ascertainment was from the Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group (APEG) Victorian diabetes register. The secondary source was the National Diabetes Register (NDR), which ascertains cases from the National Diabetes Service Scheme (NDSS), a Commonwealth government initiative, where patients register to receive diabetes supplies at a subsidized price. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-standardized incidence, trends in incidence by age, sex and year, and variation in incidence by region, season, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Case ascertainment was 99.1% complete using the capture-recapture method. The mean annual age-standardized incidence was 19.3 per 100 000 person years from 1999 to 2002. On average, incidence increased by 9.3% per year, with a greater relative increase in the 0-4 yr age-group (p = 0.037). No gender bias in incidence was found, but the increase in females was statistically significant (13.6% per year, 95% confidence interval 3.7-24.3). Variation in geographical distribution and seasonal onset of incidence was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The marked increase in the incidence of T1DM in Victoria is greater than that recently described in other Australia states and developed nations. The etiology of this rise is unclear, while the increased caseload has major implications for diabetes health care providers for current and future resource allocation.
%Z FOR Codes: 110306 111403 111706


%0 Book Section
%A Craig, Maria
%A Glastras, S
%A Donaghue, Kim
%T Type 1 diabetes: Definition, epidemiology and classification of diabetes and structure of the diabetes team
%B Evidence-Based Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Publishing
%V 
%N 
%P 9-25
%@ 9781405152921
%E Allgrove, Jeremy
%E Swift, Peter
%E Greene, Stephen A
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Craig, Maria E
%A Femia, Giuseppe
%A Broyda, Vitali
%A Lloyd, Margaret
%A Howard, Neville J
%T Type 2 diabetes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children and adolescents in New South Wales.
%B The Medical journal of Australia
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 186
%N 10
%P 497-499
%@ 1326-5377
%X OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2001-2006 in young people < 19 years and the characteristics of T2DM in the Indigenous group. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective population-based incidence study, New South Wales. PARTICIPANTS: Primary ascertainment was from the Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group NSW Diabetes Register, with secondary ascertainment from the National Diabetes Register (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of T2DM in young people in NSW; incidence of T1DM and T2DM in Indigenous young people; characteristics at diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 128 incident cases of T2DM (62 boys, 66 girls) in the study period. The median age at diagnosis was 14.5 years (interquartile range, 13.0-16.4), and 90% were overweight or obese (body mass index > 85th percentile for age). Mean annual incidence was 2.5/100,000 person-years (95% CI, 2.1-3.0) in 10-18-year-olds. Of the ethnic groups represented, white Australian comprised 29%, Indigenous 22%, Asian 22%, North African/Middle Eastern 12% and M?ori/Polynesian/Melanesian 10%. The incidence of T2DM was significantly higher in the Indigenous than the non-Indigenous group (incidence rate ratio, 6.1; 95% CI, 3.9-9.7; P<0.001), but incidence rates of T1DM were similar (15.5 v 21.4/100,000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: T2DM accounts for 11% of incident cases of diabetes in 10-18-year-olds, and the majority are overweight or obese. The high rate among Indigenous Australian children supports screening for T2DM in this population.
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 110306 111706