%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Foo, Shawna A
%A Dworjanyn, Symon A
%A Poore, Alistair G B
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Adaptive Capacity of the Habitat Modifying Sea Urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii to Ocean Warming and Ocean Acidification: Performance of Early Embryos.
%B PloS One
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Public Library of Science
%V 7
%N 8
%P e42497
%@ 1932-6203
%X Predicting effects of rapid climate change on populations depends on measuring the effects of climate stressors on performance, and potential for adaptation. Adaptation to stressful climatic conditions requires heritable genetic variance for stress tolerance present in populations.
%Z FOR Codes: 608 699


%0 Journal Article
%A Ericson, JA
%A Ho, MA
%A Miskelly, A
%A King, CK
%A Virtue, P
%A Tilbrook, B
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Combined effects of two ocean change stressors, warming and acidification, on fertilization and early development of the Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri
%B Polar Biology
%D 2012
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 35
%N 
%P 1027-1034
%@ 0722-4060
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Journal Article
%A Swanson, Rebecca L.
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Prowse, Thomas A. A.
%A Mos, Benjamin
%A Dworjanyn, Symon A.
%A Steinberg, Peter D.
%T Dissolved histamine - a potential habitat marker promoting settlement and metamorphosis in sea urchin larvae
%B Marine Biology
%D 2012
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 159
%N 
%P 915-925
%@ 0025-3162
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Prowse, Thomas A A
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Evolution of yolk protein genes in the Echinodermata.
%B Evolution & Development
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 14
%N 2
%P 139-151
%@ 1525-142X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 608 601


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Puritz, Jonathan B
%A Keever, Carson C
%A Addison, Jason A
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Hart, Michael W
%A Grosberg, Richard K
%A Toonen, Robert J
%T Extraordinarily rapid life-history divergence between Cryptasterina sea star species.
%B Royal Society of London. Proceedings B. Biological Sciences
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I The Royal Society Publishing
%V 279
%N 1744
%P 3914-3922
%@ 1471-2954
%X Life history plays a critical role in governing microevolutionary processes such as gene flow and adaptation, as well as macroevolutionary processes such speciation. Here, we use multilocus phylogeographic analyses to examine a speciation event involving spectacular life-history differences between sister species of sea stars. Cryptasterina hystera has evolved a suite of derived life-history traits (including internal self-fertilization and brood protection) that differ from its sister species Cryptasterina pentagona, a gonochoric broadcast spawner. We show that these species have only been reproductively isolated for approximately 6000 years (95% highest posterior density of 905-22 628), and that this life-history change may be responsible for dramatic genetic consequences, including low nucleotide diversity, zero heterozygosity and no gene flow. The rapid divergence of these species rules out some mechanisms of isolation such as adaptation to microhabitats in sympatry, or slow divergence by genetic drift during prolonged isolation. We hypothesize that the large phenotypic differences between species relative to the short divergence time suggests that the life-history differences observed may be direct responses to disruptive selection between populations. We speculate that local environmental or demographic differences at the southern range margin are possible mechanisms of selection driving one of the fastest known marine speciation events.
%Z FOR Codes: 60409 69999


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Byrne, M
%T Global change ecotoxicology: Identification of early life history bottlenecks in marine invertebrates, variable species responses and variable experimental approaches.
%B Marine Environmental Research
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Elsevier Ltd
%V 76
%N 
%P 3-15
%@ 1879-0291
%X Climate change is a threat to marine biota because increased atmospheric CO(2) is causing ocean warming, acidification, hypercapnia and decreased carbonate saturation. These stressors have toxic effects on invertebrate development. The persistence and success of populations requires all ontogenetic stages be completed successfully and, due to their sensitivity to environmental stressors, developmental stages may be a population bottleneck in a changing ocean. Global change ecotoxicology is being used to identify the marine invertebrate developmental stages vulnerable to climate change. This overview of research, and the methodologies used, shows that most studies focus on acidification, with few studies on ocean warming, despite a long history of research on developmental thermotolerance. The interactive effects of stressors are poorly studied. Experimental approaches differ among studies. Fertilization in many species exhibits a broad tolerance to warming and/or acidification, although different methodologies confound inter-study comparisons. Early development is susceptible to warming and most calcifying larvae are sensitive to acidification/increased pCO(2). In multistressor studies moderate warming diminishes the negative impact of acidification on calcification in some species. Development of non-calcifying larvae appears resilient to near-future ocean change. Although differences in species sensitivities to ocean change stressors undoubtedly reflect different tolerance levels, inconsistent handling of gametes, embryos and larvae probably influences different research outcomes. Due to the integrative ''developmental domino effect'', life history responses will be influenced by the ontogenetic stage at which experimental incubations are initiated. Exposure to climate change stressors from early development (fertilization where possible) in multistressor experiments is needed to identify ontogenetic sensitivities and this will be facilitated by more consistent methodologies.
%Z FOR Codes: 69902


%0 Journal Article
%A Woolsey, Erika
%A Bainbridge, Scott J.
%A Kingsford, Michael J.
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Impacts of cyclone Hamish at One Tree Reef: integrating environmental and benthic habitat data
%B Marine Biology
%D 2012
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 159
%N 4
%P 793-803
%@ 0025-3162
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60806


%0 Journal Article
%A Doo, Steve S.
%A Dworjanyn, Symon A.
%A Foo, Shawna A.
%A Soars, Natalie A.
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Impacts of ocean acidification on development of the meroplanktonic larval stage of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii
%B ICES Journal of Marine Science
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Oxford University Press
%V 69
%N 3
%P 460-464
%@ 1054-3139
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Zigler, Kirk S
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Raff, Elizabeth C
%A Lessios, H A
%A Raff, Rudolf A
%T Natural hybridization in the sea urchin genus pseudoboletia between species without apparent barriers to gamete recognition.
%B Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 66
%N 6
%P 1695-1708
%@ 1558-5646
%X Marine species with high dispersal potential often have huge ranges and minimal population structure. Combined with the paucity of geographic barriers in the oceans, this pattern raises the question as to how speciation occurs in the sea. Over the past 20 years, evidence has accumulated that marine speciation is often linked to the evolution of gamete recognition proteins. Rapid evolution of gamete recognition proteins in gastropods, bivalves, and sea urchins is correlated with gamete incompatibility and contributes to the maintenance of species boundaries between sympatric congeners. Here, we present a counterexample to this general pattern. The sea urchins Pseudoboletia indiana and P. maculata have broad ranges that overlap in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Cytochrome oxidase I sequences indicated that these species are distinct, and their 7.3% divergence suggests that they diverged at least 2 mya. Despite this, we suspected hybridization between them based on the presence of morphologically intermediate individuals in sympatric populations at Sydney, Australia. We assessed the opportunity for hybridization between the two species and found that (1) individuals of the two species occur within a meter of each other in nature, (2) they have overlapping annual reproductive cycles, and (3) their gametes cross-fertilize readily in the laboratory and in the field. We genotyped individuals with intermediate morphology and confirmed that many were hybrids. Hybrids were fertile, and some female hybrids had egg sizes intermediate between the two parental species. Consistent with their high level of gamete compatibility, there is minimal divergence between P. indiana and P. maculata in the gamete recognition protein bindin, with a single fixed amino acid difference between the two species. Pseudoboletia thus provides a well-characterized exception to the idea that broadcast spawning marine species living in sympatry develop and maintain species boundaries through the divergence of gamete recognition proteins and the associated evolution of gamete incompatibility.
%Z FOR Codes: 60409


%0 Journal Article
%A Nguyen, Hong D
%A Doo, Steve S
%A Soars, Natalie A
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Noncalcifying larvae in a changing ocean: warming not acidification/hypercapnia, is the dominant stressor on development of the sea star Meridiastra calcar
%B Global Change Biology
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 18
%N 
%P 2466–2476
%@ 1354-1013
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60806


%0 Journal Article
%A McElroy, DJ
%A Nguyen, HD
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Respiratory response of the intertidal seastar Parvulastra exigua to contemporary and near-future pulses of warming and hypercapnia
%B Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
%D 2012
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 416-417
%N 
%P 1-7
%@ 0022-0981
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60806


%0 Journal Article
%A Eriksson, Hampus
%A Byrne, Maria
%A de la Torre-Castro, Maricela
%T Sea cucumber distribution, community structure and habitat utilization on the reefs of Mayotte, Western Indian Ocean
%B Marine Ecology Progress Series
%D 2012
%C Germany
%I Inter-Research
%V 452
%N 
%P 159-170
%@ 0171-8630
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Journal Article
%A Barbosa, Sergio S.
%A Klanten, O. Selma
%A Jones, Hugh
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Selfing in Parvulastra exigua: an asterinid sea star with benthic development
%B Marine Biology
%D 2012
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 159
%N 
%P 1071-1077
%@ 0025-3162
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Book Section
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Impact of Ocean Warming and Ocean Acidification on Marine Invertebrate Life History Stages: Vulnerabilities and Potential for Persistence in a Changing Ocean
%B Oceanography and Marine Biology:
An Annual Review
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I CRC Press
%V 
%N 
%P 1-42
%@ 9781439853641
%E Gibson, R. N.
%E Atkinson, R. J. A.
%E Gordon, J. D. M.
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60808 60205


%0 Journal Article
%A Schneider, Kenneth
%A Silverman, Jacob
%A Woolsey, Erika
%A Eriksson, Hampus
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Caldeira, Ken
%T Potential influence of sea cucumbers on coral reef CaCo3 budget: a case study at One Tree Reef
%B Journal of Geophysical Research
%D 2011
%C United States
%I American Geophysical Union
%V 116
%N 
%P G04032, 6 PP.
%@ 0148-0227
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60806


%0 Journal Article
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Ho, Melanie A.
%A Woolsey, Erika
%A Nguyen, Hong Dao
%T Sea urchin development in a global change hotspot, potential for southerly migration of thermotolerant propagules
%B Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 58
%N 5
%P 712-719
%@ 1879-0100
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205 60808


%0 Journal Article
%A Morris, Valerie B
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Whan, Renee
%A Byrne, Maria
%T The coeloms in a late brachiolaria larva of the asterinid sea star Parvulastra exigua: deriving an asteroid coelomic model
%B Acta Zoologica
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 92
%N 3
%P 266–275
%@ 0001-7272
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Journal Article
%A Suthers, Iain M.
%A Young, Jock W.
%A Baird, Mark E.
%A Roughan, Moninya
%A Everett, Jason D.
%A Brassington, Gary B.
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Condie, Scott A.
%A Hartog, Jason R.
%A Hassler, Christel S.
%A Hobday, Alistair J.
%A Holbrook, Neil J.
%A Malcolm, Hamish A.
%A Oke, Peter R.
%A Peter A, Thompson
%A Ken, Ridgway
%T The strengthening East Australian Current, its eddies and biological effects — an introduction and overview
%B Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 58
%N 5
%P 538-546
%@ 1879-0100
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%A Christensen, Ana B.
%A Nguyen, Hong D.
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Thermotolerance and the effects of hypercapnia on the metabolic rate of the ophiuroid Ophionereis schayeri: Inferences for survivorship in a changing ocean
%B Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
%D 2011
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 403
%N 1-2
%P 31-38
%@ 0022-0981
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Ho, Melanie
%A Wong, Eunice
%A Soars, Natalie A
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Shepard-Brennand, Hannah
%A Dworjanyn, Symon A
%A Davis, Andrew R
%T Unshelled abalone and corrupted urchins: development of marine calcifiers in a changing ocean.
%B Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society
%D 2011
%C United States
%I The Royal Society Publishing
%V 278
%N 1716
%P 2376-83
%@ 1471-2954
%X The most fragile skeletons produced by benthic marine calcifiers are those that larvae and juveniles make to support their bodies. Ocean warming, acidification, decreased carbonate saturation and their interactive effects are likely to impair skeletogenesis. Failure to produce skeleton in a changing ocean has negative implications for a diversity of marine species. We examined the interactive effects of warming and acidification on an abalone (Haliotis coccoradiata) and a sea urchin (Heliocidaris erythrogramma) reared from fertilization in temperature and pH/pCO(2) treatments in a climatically and regionally relevant setting. Exposure of ectodermal (abalone) and mesodermal (echinoid) calcifying systems to warming (+2??C to 4??C) and acidification (pH 7.6-7.8) resulted in unshelled larvae and abnormal juveniles. Haliotis development was most sensitive with no interaction between stressors. For Heliocidaris, the percentage of normal juveniles decreased in response to both stressors, although a +2??C warming diminished the negative effect of low pH. The number of spines produced decreased with increasing acidification/pCO(2), and the interactive effect between stressors indicated that a +2??C warming reduced the negative effects of low pH. At +4??C, the developmental thermal tolerance was breached. Our results show that projected near-future climate change will have deleterious effects on development with differences in vulnerability in the two species.
%Z FOR Codes: 60808


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Elia, Laura
%A Cisternas, Paula
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Characterization and expression of a sea star otx ortholog (Protxbeta1/2) in the larva of Patiriella regularis.
%B Gene expression patterns : GEP
%D 2010
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 10
%N 7-8
%P 323-7
%@ 1567-133X
%X A transcript of otx from the sea star Patiriella regularis (Protx??1/2) was characterized and its expression in early bipinnaria larvae was documented by whole mount in situ hybridization (WMISH). The nucleotide sequence exhibited 94% identity with Amotx??1/2 from the closely related species Patiria miniata. Protx??1/2 was expressed strongly in the developing archenteron in the future fore and mid-gut regions. This was followed by expression of Protx??1/2 in the developing enterocoels, mesodermal derivatives. This suggests a role for Protx in endomesoderm development. In coelom development, Protx??1/2 was first expressed in the left coelom. Subsequently expression was evident in the right coelom, but localization was never as strong as in the left coelom. This asymmetry in Protx??1/2 expression in the coeloms was evident up to the stage when they started to extend posteriorly. These data indicate that Protx??1/2 may have a role in coelom development, particularly in the left coelom, a definitive adult structure.
%Z FOR Codes: 60403 60803


%0 Journal Article
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Soars, Natalie
%A Ho, Melanie
%A Wong, Eunice
%A McElroy, David
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Dworjanyn, Symon A
%A Davis, Andy R
%T Fertilization in a suite of coastal marine invertebrates from SE Australia is robust to near-future ocean warming and acidification
%B Marine Biology
%D 2010
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 157
%N 9
%P 2061-2069
%@ 0025-3162
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%A Uthicke, Sven
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Conand, Chantal
%T Genetic barcoding of commercial Beˆche-de-mer species
(Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)
%B Molecular Ecology Resources
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 10
%N 4
%P 634–646
%@ 1755-098X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Spolyarich, Nicholas
%A Hyne, Ross
%A Wilson, Scott
%A Palmer, Carolyn
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Growth, development and sex ratios of Spotted Marsh Frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis) larvae exposed to atrazine and a herbicide mixture.
%B Chemosphere
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 78
%N 7
%P 807-13
%@ 1879-1298
%X Exposures of Limnodynastes tasmaniensis tadpoles to atrazine (0.1, 1, 3 and 30microgL(-1)), metolachlor (0.1, 1 and 10microgL(-1)) and thiobencarb (90, 180 and 360microgL(-1)) from Gosner stage 28 to 42 under controlled laboratory conditions gave no significant effects on tadpole growth, development and sex ratios. A binary mixture of atrazine and thiobencarb as well as a ternary mixture of all three herbicides also had no significant effects on the developing larvae to show no evidence of interactive toxicity. Abnormal gonad morphology was observed on two occasions; both from 0.1microgL(-1) atrazine treatments with one tadpole observed with testicular ovarian follicles. The low frequencies of abnormal gonadal morphology and testicular ovarian follicles did not indicate a concentration associated response to herbicide exposure. No significantly unbalanced sex ratios were observed to suggest any evidence of chemically induced feminisation. These observations suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor and thiobencarb do not present a significant threat to the normal development of L. tasmaniensis larvae in surface waters of irrigated agricultural areas.
%Z FOR Codes: 60601 69999 60809


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Sheppard Brennand, Hannah
%A Soars, Natalie
%A Dworjanyn, Symon A
%A Davis, Andrew R
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Impact of Ocean Warming and Ocean Acidification on Larval Development and Calcification in the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla.
%B PloS One
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Public Library of Science
%V 5
%N 6
%P e11372
%@ 1932-6203
%X BACKGROUND: As the oceans simultaneously warm, acidify and increase in P(CO2), prospects for marine biota are of concern. Calcifying species may find it difficult to produce their skeleton because ocean acidification decreases calcium carbonate saturation and accompanying hypercapnia suppresses metabolism. However, this may be buffered by enhanced growth and metabolism due to warming. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We examined the interactive effects of near-future ocean warming and increased acidification/P(CO2) on larval development in the tropical sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. Larvae were reared in multifactorial experiments in flow-through conditions in all combinations of three temperature and three pH/P(CO2) treatments. Experiments were placed in the setting of projected near future conditions for SE Australia, a global change hot spot. Increased acidity/P(CO2) and decreased carbonate mineral saturation significantly reduced larval growth resulting in decreased skeletal length. Increased temperature (+3 degrees C) stimulated growth, producing significantly bigger larvae across all pH/P(CO2) treatments up to a thermal threshold (+6 degrees C). Increased acidity (-0.3-0.5 pH units) and hypercapnia significantly reduced larval calcification. A +3 degrees C warming diminished the negative effects of acidification and hypercapnia on larval growth. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: This study of the effects of ocean warming and CO(2) driven acidification on development and calcification of marine invertebrate larvae reared in experimental conditions from the outset of development (fertilization) shows the positive and negative effects of these stressors. In simultaneous exposure to stressors the dwarfing effects of acidification were dominant. Reduction in size of sea urchin larvae in a high P(CO2) ocean would likely impair their performance with negative consequent effects for benthic adult populations.
%Z FOR Codes: 60604 60803 69902


%0 Book Section
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Impact of climate change stressors on marine invertebrate life histories with a focus on the Mollusca and Echinodermata
%B Climate alert : climate change monitoring and strategy
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I University of Sydney Press
%V 
%N 
%P 142-185
%@ 9781920899417
%E You, Yuzhu
%E Henderson-Sellers, Ann
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60808 60207


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Rowe, Frank
%A Uthicke, Sven
%T Molecular taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution in the family Stichopodidae (Aspidochirotida: Holothuroidea) based on COI and 16S mitochondrial DNA.
%B Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Academic Press
%V 56
%N 3
%P 1068-81
%@ 1095-9513
%X The Stichopodidae comprise a diverse assemblage of holothuroids most of which occur in the Indo-Pacific. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial gene (COI, 16S rRNA) sequence for 111 individuals (7 genera, 17 species) clarified taxonomic uncertainties, species relationships, biogeography and evolution of the family. A monophyly of the genus Stichopus was supported with the exception of Stichopus ellipes. Molecular analyses confirmed genus level taxonomy based on morphology. Most specimens harvested as S. horrens fell in the S. monotuberculatus clade, a morphologically variable assemblage with others from the S. naso clade. Taxonomic clarification of species fished as S. horrens will assist conservation measures. Evolutionary rates based on comparison of sequence from trans-ithmian Isostichopus species estimated that Stichopus and Isostichopus diverged ca. 5.5-10.7Ma (Miocene). More recent splits were estimated to be younger than 1Ma.
%Z FOR Codes: 60808 60409 60205


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Spolyarich, Nicholas
%A Hyne, Ross V
%A Wilson, Scott P
%A Palmer, Carolyn G
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Morphological abnormalities in frogs from a rice-growing region in NSW, Australia, with investigations into pesticide exposure.
%B Environmental monitoring and assessment
%D 2010
%C Netherlands
%I Springer Netherlands
%V 173
%N 
%P 397-407
%@ 1573-2959
%X Three frog species (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, Limnodynastes fletcheri and Litoria raniformis) were surveyed in rice bays of the Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA), NSW, Australia, during the rice-growing seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. A total external morphological abnormality index of 7.0% was observed in frogs of the CIA (n=1,209). The types and frequencies of abnormalities were typical of reports from agricultural areas with ectrodactyly being the most common aberration. A relatively low abnormality index of 1.2% was observed in L. raniformis (n=87) compared to indices of 7.1% and 8.2% observed in L. fletcheri (n=694) and L. tasmaniensis (n=428), respectively. No conclusive evidence was found of unnaturally high rates of intersex, gonadal maldevelopment or unbalanced sex ratios in any species. Rice bay surface waters differed significantly in mean pesticide concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor on farms growing rice and corn compared to farms with rice as the sole crop. However, the similar abnormality indices observed in recent metamorphs emerging from these two farm types provided no evidence to suggest a link between larval exposure to the measured pesticides and developmental malformations.
%Z FOR Codes: 60809


%0 Journal Article
%A Barbosa, S.S
%A Kelaher, B.P
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Patterns of abundance, growth and size of the tropical intertidal chiton Acanthopleura gemmata
%B Molluscan Research
%D 2010
%C New Zealand, Austral
%I Magnolia Press
%V 30
%N 1
%P 48-52
%@ 1323-5818
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 69999


%0 Journal Article
%A Wong, E
%A Davis, A.R
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Reproduction and early development in Haliotis coccoradiata (Vetigastropoda: Haliotidae)
%B Invertebrate Reproduction & Development
%D 2010
%C Israel
%I Balaban Publishers, International Science Services
%V 54
%N 2
%P 77-87
%@ 0792-4259
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60808


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Soars, Natalie
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Dworjanyn, Symon A
%A Davis, Andrew R
%T Sea urchin fertilization in a warm, acidified and high pCO(2) ocean across a range of sperm densities.
%B Marine environmental research
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I Elsevier Ltd
%V 69
%N 4
%P 234-9
%@ 0141-1136
%X Marine invertebrate gametes are being spawned into an ocean simultaneously warming, acidifying and increasing in pCO(2). Decreased pH/increased pCO(2) narcotizes sperm indicating that acidification may impair fertilization, exacerbating problems of sperm limitation, with dire implications for marine life. In contrast, increased temperature may have a stimulatory effect, enhancing fertilization. We investigated effects of ocean change on sea urchin fertilization across a range of sperm densities. We address two predictions: (1) low pH/increased pCO(2) reduces fertilization at low sperm density and (2) increased temperature enhances fertilization, buffering negative effects of acidification and increased pCO(2). Neither prediction was supported. Fertilization was only affected by sperm density. Increased acidification and pCO(2) did not reduce fertilization even at low sperm density and increased temperature did not enhance fertilization. It is important to identify where vulnerabilities lie across life histories and our results indicate that sea urchin fertilization is robust to climate change stressors. However, developmental stages may be vulnerable to ocean change.
%Z FOR Codes: 60602 60808 60205


%0 Journal Article
%A Jones, Hugh A
%A Byrne, Maria
%T The impact of catastrophic channel change on freshwater mussels in
the Hunter River system, Australia: a conservation assessment
%B Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
%V 20
%N 1
%P 18-30
%@ 1052-7613
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60204


%0 Journal Article
%A Uthicke, S
%A Schaffelke, B
%A Byrne, Maria
%T A boom and bust phylum? Ecological and evolutionary consequences of large population density variations in echinoderms
%B Ecological Monographs
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Ecological Society of America
%V 79
%N 1
%P 3-24
%@ 0012-9615
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60207


%0 Journal Article
%A Lee, Jessica
%A Uthicke, Sven
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Asexual reproduction and observations of sexual reproduction in the aspidochirotid sea cucumber Holothuria difficilis
%B Invertebrate Reproduction & Development
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Taylor & Francis Group
%V 52:2
%N 
%P 87–92
%@ 
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hyne, Ross V
%A Spolyarich, Nick
%A Wilson, Scott P
%A Patra, Ronald W
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Gordon, Geoff
%A Sánchez-Bayo, Francisco
%A Palmer, Carolyn G
%T DISTRIBUTION OF FROGS IN RICE BAYS WITHIN AN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURAL AREA: LINKS TO PESTICIDE USAGE AND FARM PRACTICES.
%B Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
%V 28
%N 6
%P 1255-65
%@ 0730-7268
%X In the Coleambally irrigation area (NSW, Australia), the occurrence of four tadpole and frog species in rice bays on farms growing either rice only or both rice and corn was studied over two seasons. In addition to analysis of species occurrence, both gonadal histology and assessment of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection rates were performed. The rice acreage available as potential tadpole habitat was extensively distributed throughout the irrigation area, but more corn was grown in the northern region compared with the southern region. The mean abundance of Litoria raniformis tadpoles was significantly lower in the northern sites compared with the southern sites. In contrast, tadpoles of Limnodynastes fletcheri, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, and Crinia parinsignifera had a uniform distribution across all study sites. A principal components analysis showed a relationship between farm type and the rice herbicide applied when the crops were initially sown, with sites occupied by Litoria raniformis in the beginning being predominantly rice-only farms. A discriminant analysis showed that low concentrations of the corn herbicide metolachlor and increased pH were the main variables studied that determined site occupation by L. raniformis. This suggested that farms growing only rice (and not corn) with high algal production were the preferred sites. The rates of chytrid infection and gonadal malformations were low across both regions. Histology of the gonads of metamorphs showed that L. raniformis gonadal differentiation is slow compared to that of the two Limnodynastes species. We concluded that farm practices associated with increased corn cropping in the northern region, rather than any direct effect of corn herbicides, determine the reduced presence of Litoria raniformis in the northern region.
%Z FOR Codes: 60199


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Katow, Hideki
%A Elia, Laura
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Development of nervous systems to metamorphosis in feeding and non-feeding echinoid larvae, the transition from bilateral to radial symmetry.
%B Development, Genes and Evolution
%D 2009
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 219
%N 2
%P 67-77
%@ 1432-041X
%X The development of nervous system (NS) in the non-feeding vestibula larva of the sea urchin, Holopneustes purpurescens, and the feeding echinopluteus larva of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus was examined by focusing on fate during metamorphosis. In H. purpurescens, the serotonergic NS (SerNS) appeared simultaneously and independently in larval tissue and adult rudiment, respectively, from 3-day post-fertilization. In 4-day vestibulae, an expansive aboral ganglion (450 x 100 mum) was present in the larval mid region that extended axons toward the oral ectoderm. These axons diverged near the base of the primary podia. An axonal bundle connected with the primary podia and the rim of vestopore on the oral side. Thus, the SerNS of the larva innervated the rudiment at early stage of development of the primary podia. This innervation was short-lived, and immediately before metamorphosis, it disappeared from the larval and adult tissue domains, whereas non-SerNS marked by synaptotagmin remained. The NS of 1-month post-fertilization plutei of H. pulcherrimus comprised an apical ganglion (50 x 17 mum) and axons that extended to the ciliary bands and the adult rudiment (AR). A major basal nerve of serotonergic and non-serotonergic axons and a minor non-serotonergic nerve comprised the ciliary band nerve. In 3-month plutei, axonal connection among the primary podia in the neural folds completed. The SerNS never developed in the AR. Thus, there was distinctive difference between feeding- and non-feeding larvae of the above sea urchins with respect to SerNS and the AR.
%Z FOR Codes: 60699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Morris, Valerie B
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Whan, Renée
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Development of the five primary podia from the coeloms of a sea star larva: homology with the echinoid echinoderms and other deuterostomes.
%B Royal Society of London. Proceedings. Biological Sciences
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I The Royal Society Publishing
%V 276
%N 1660
%P 1277-1284
%@ 0962-8452
%X Confocal laser scanning microscopy of larvae of the asteroid Parvulastra exigua was used to investigate the development of the five primary podia from the coeloms in the echinoderm phylum in an approach to the problem of morphological homology in the deuterostome phyla. The development is shown from an early brachiolaria larval stage to a pre-settlement late brachiolaria larval stage. In the early brachiolaria larva, a single enterocoele connected to the archenteron has formed into two lateral coeloms and an anterior coelom. The primary podia form from the coelomic regions on the left side of the brachiolaria larva, while on the right the coelomic regions connect with the exterior through the pore canal and hydropore. The anterior coelom forms the coelom of the brachia. Homology between the primary podia of the asteroid and the echinoid classes of echinoderms is described and extended to coeloms of other deuterostome phyla.
%Z FOR Codes: 60803 699


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cisternas, Paula
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Expression of Hox4 during development of the pentamerous juvenile sea star, Parvulastra exigua.
%B Development Genes and Evolution
%D 2009
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 219
%N 11-12
%P 613-618
%@ 1432-041X
%X Expression of Hox4 during development of the bilateral larva and pentameral juvenile sea star was investigated in Parvulastra exigua. The role of Hox4, possibly the anterior-most gene in the echinoderm Hox cluster, in the formation of the echinoderm adult body plan has not been examined previously. In the larva of P. exigua, PeHox4 is expressed in the developing coeloms-the anterior and the right and left coeloms that generate the aboral and oral coeloms of the juvenile. At the rudiment stage, PeHox4 was expressed in the five primary lobes of the hydrocoel that give rise to primary podia, the foundation of the adult body plan. This suggests a role for this gene in the development of the echinoderm body plan. In contrast to other bilaterians, Hox4 was not expressed in the developing asteroid central nervous system.
%Z FOR Codes: 60403


%0 Journal Article
%A Prowse, Thomas A A
%A Falkner, Inke
%A Sewell, Mary A
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Long-term storage lipids and developmental evolution in echinoderms
%B Evolutionary Ecology Research
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Evolutionary Ecology Ltd
%V 11
%N 
%P 1069-1083
%@ 1522-0613
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Elia, Laura
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Nervous system development in feeding and nonfeeding asteroid larvae and the early juvenile.
%B The Biological Bulletin
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Marine Biological Laboratory
%V 216
%N 3
%P 322-334
%@ 0006-3185
%X Larval and juvenile nervous systems (NS) of three asterinid sea stars with contrasting feeding and nonfeeding modes of development were characterized using the echinoderm-specific synaptotagmin antibody. In the feeding bipinnaria and brachiolaria larvae of Patiriella regularis, the species with ancestral-type development, an extensive NS was associated with the ciliary bands (CBs) and attachment complex. Lecithotrophic planktonic (Meridastra calcar) and benthic (Parvulastra exigua) brachiolariae lacked CBs and the associated NS, but had an extensive NS in the attachment complex. The similarity in the distribution and morphology of synaptotagmin immunoreactive neurons and the anatomy of the NS in the attachment complex of these closely related sea stars suggests conservation of neurogenesis in settlement-stage larvae regardless of larval feeding mode. Nerve cells were prominent on the brachia of all three species. In advanced brachiolariae the larval nervous system was localized to the adhesive disc as the larval body resorbed during metamorphosis. The structures and tissues that contained larval neurons degenerated during metamorphosis. There was no evidence that the larval NS persists through metamorphosis. In juvenile development, synaptotagmin IR was first evident in the NS of the tube feet. As the central nervous system developed, synaptotagmin IR reflected the histological organization of the adult NS. The juvenile NS formed de novo with a temporal lapse between histogenesis and synaptotagmin IR. We evaluated the ontogeny of NS organization in the change in body plan from the bilateral larva to the radial juvenile.
%Z FOR Codes: 60803 69999


%0 Journal Article
%A Soars, N A
%A Prowse, T A A
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Overview of phenotypic plasticity in echinoid larvae, 'Echinopluteus transversus' type vs. typical echinoplutei
%B Marine Ecology - Progress Series
%D 2009
%C Germany
%I Inter-Research
%V 383
%N 0
%P 113-125
%@ 0171-8630
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Journal Article
%A Barbosa, S
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Kelaher, B P
%T Reproductive periodicity of the tropical intertidal chiton Acanthopleura gemmata at One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, near its souther latitudinal limit
%B Journal of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 89
%N 2
%P 405-411
%@ 0025-3154
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60803


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Ho, Melanie
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Nguyen, Hong D
%A Dworjanyn, Symon A
%A Davis, Andy R
%T Temperature, but not pH, compromises sea urchin fertilization and early development under near-future climate change scenarios.
%B Royal Society of London. Proceedings. Biological Sciences
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I The Royal Society Publishing
%V 276
%N 1663
%P 1883-1888
%@ 0962-8452
%X Global warming is causing ocean warming and acidification. The distribution of Heliocidaris erythrogramma coincides with the eastern Australia climate change hot spot, where disproportionate warming makes marine biota particularly vulnerable to climate change. In keeping with near-future climate change scenarios, we determined the interactive effects of warming and acidification on fertilization and development of this echinoid. Experimental treatments (20-26 degrees C, pH 7.6-8.2) were tested in all combinations for the ''business-as-usual'' scenario, with 20 degrees C/pH 8.2 being ambient. Percentage of fertilization was high (>89%) across all treatments. There was no difference in percentage of normal development in any pH treatment. In elevated temperature conditions, +4 degrees C reduced cleavage by 40 per cent and +6 degrees C by a further 20 per cent. Normal gastrulation fell below 4 per cent at +6 degrees C. At 26 degrees C, development was impaired. As the first study of interactive effects of temperature and pH on sea urchin development, we confirm the thermotolerance and pH resilience of fertilization and embryogenesis within predicted climate change scenarios, with negative effects at upper limits of ocean warming. Our findings place single stressor studies in context and emphasize the need for experiments that address ocean warming and acidification concurrently. Although ocean acidification research has focused on impaired calcification, embryos may not reach the skeletogenic stage in a warm ocean.
%Z FOR Codes: 60803 69902


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Golding, R. E.
%A Ponder, W. F.
%A Byrne, M.
%T The evolutionary and biomechanical implications of snout and proboscis morphology in Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
%B Journal of Natural History
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Taylor & Francis Ltd.
%V 43
%N 43-44
%P 2723-2763
%@ 0022-2933
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60808


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Golding, Rosemary E
%A Ponder, Winston F
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Three-dimensional reconstruction of the odontophoral cartilages of Caenogastropoda (Mollusca: Gastropoda) using micro-CT: Morphology and phylogenetic significance.
%B Journal of morphology
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 270
%N 0
%P 558-87
%@ 1744-4241
%X Odontophoral cartilages are located in the molluscan buccal mass and support the movement of the radula during feeding. The structural diversity of odontophoral cartilages is currently known only from limited taxa, but this information is important for interpreting phylogeny and for understanding the biomechanical operation of the buccal mass. Caenogastropods exhibit a wide variety of feeding strategies, but there is little comparative information on cartilage morphology within this group. The morphology of caenogastropod odontophoral cartilages is currently known only from dissection and histology, although preliminary results suggest that they may be structurally diverse. A comparative morphological survey of 18 caenogastropods and three noncaenogastropods has been conducted, sampling most major caenogastropod superfamilies. Three-dimensional models of the odontophoral cartilages were generated using X-ray microscopy (micro-CT) and reconstruction by image segmentation. Considerable morphological diversity of the odontophoral cartilages was found within Caenogastropoda, including the presence of thin cartilaginous appendages, asymmetrically overlapping cartilages, and reflexed cartilage margins. Many basal caenogastropod taxa possess previously unidentified cartilaginous support structures below the radula (subradular cartilages), which may be homologous to the dorsal cartilages of other gastropods. As subradular cartilages were absent in carnivorous caenogastropods, adaptation to trophic specialization is likely. However, incongruence with specific feeding strategies or body size suggests that the morphology of odontophoral cartilages is constrained by phylogeny, representing a new source of morphological characters to improve the phylogenetic resolution of this group.
%Z FOR Codes: 60807


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Przeslawski, R.
%A Ahyong, S.
%A Byrne, M.
%A Worheide, G.
%A Hutchings, P.
%T Beyond corals and fish: the effects of climate change on noncoral benthic invertebrates of tropical reefs
%B Global Change Biology
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 14
%N 
%P 2773-2795
%@ 1354-1013
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 69902


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Barbosa, S. S.
%A Byrne, M.
%A Kelaher, B. P.
%T Bioerosion caused by foraging of the tropical chiton Acanthopleura gemmata at One Tree Reef, southern Great Barrier Reef
%B Coral Reefs
%D 2008
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 27
%N 
%P 635-639
%@ 0722-4028
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Byrne, M.
%A Cisternas, P.
%A O'Hara, T.
%T Brooding of pelagic-type larvae in Ophiopeza spinosa: reproduction and development in a tropical ophiodermatid brittlestar
%B Invertebrate Biology
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 127
%N 
%P 98-107
%@ 
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60808


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Keever, Carson C
%A Sunday, Jennifer
%A Wood, Charlene
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Hart, Michael W
%T Discovery and cross-amplification of microsatellite polymorphisms in asterinid sea stars.
%B The Biological bulletin
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Marine Biological Laboratory
%V 215
%N 2
%P 164-172
%@ 0006-3185
%X Variation in tandem repeats of two- to six-base nucleotide motifs (microsatellites) can be used to obtain inexpensive and highly informative multi-locus data on population genetics.We developed and tested a large set of cross-amplifiable sea star (Asterinidae) microsatellite markers from a mixed pool of genomic DNA from eight species. We describe cloned sequences, primers, and PCR conditions, and characterize population-level variation for some species and markers. A few clones containing microsatellites showed considerable similarity to sequences (including genes of known function) in other sea stars and in sea urchins (from the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus complete genome). The pooled genomic DNA method was an efficient way to sample microsatellites from many species: we cloned 2-10 microsatellites from each of eight species, and most could be cross-amplified in 1-7 other species. At 12 loci in two species, we found 1-10 alleles per microsatellite, with a broad range of inbreeding coefficients. Measures of polymorphism were negatively correlated with the extent of cross-amplification.
%Z FOR Codes: 60411


%0 Book Section
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Echinodermata
%B The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I CSIRO
%V 
%N 
%P 296-307
%@ 9781402089497
%E Hutchings, Pat
%E Kingsford, Mike
%E Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110899


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Prowse, T. A. A.
%A Sewell, M. A.
%A Byrne, M.
%T Fuels for development: evolution of maternal provisioning in asterinid sea stars
%B Marine Biology
%D 2008
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 153
%N 
%P 337-349
%@ 0025-3162
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Byrne, M.
%A Prowse, T. A. A.
%A Sewell, M. A.
%A Dworjanyn, S.
%A Williamson, J. E.
%A Vaitilingon, D.
%T Maternal provisioning for larvae and larval provisioning for juveniles in the toxopneustid sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla
%B Marine Biology
%D 2008
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 155
%N 
%P 473-482
%@ 0025-3162
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60808


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Golding, R. E.
%A Byrne, M.
%A Ponder, W. F.
%T Novel copulatory structures and reproductive functions in Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Pulmonata)
%B Invertebrate Biology
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 127
%N 
%P 168-180
%@ 
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60808


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Byrne, M.
%A Sewell, M. A.
%A Prowse, T. A. A.
%T Nutritional ecology of sea urchin larvae: influence of endogenous and exogenous nutrition on echinopluteal growth and phenotypic plasticity in Tripneustes gratilla
%B Functional Ecology
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 22
%N 
%P 643-648
%@ 0269-8463
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%A Brainwood, M A
%A Burgin, S
%A Byrne, Maria
%T The impact of small and large impoundments on freshwater mussel distribution in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River, Southeastern Australia
%B River Research and Applications
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons
%V 24
%N 10
%P 1325-1342
%@ 1535-1459
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60207


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Lee, J.
%A Byrne, M.
%A Uthicke, S.
%T The influence of population density on fission and growth of Holothuria atra in natural mesocosms
%B Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
%D 2008
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier BV
%V 365
%N 
%P 126-135
%@ 0022-0981
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60205


%0 Journal Article
%A Brainwood, M A
%A Burgin, S
%A Byrne, Maria
%T The role of geomorphology in substratum patch selection by freshwater mussels in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River (New South Wales) Australia
%B Aquatic Conservation
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons
%V 18
%N 7
%P 1285-1301
%@ 1052-7613
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60207


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Oakes, Diana
%A Pollak, John
%A Laginestra, Edwina
%T Toxicity of landfill leachate to sea urchin development with a focus on ammonia.
%B Cell biology and toxicology
%D 2008
%C Netherlands
%I Springer
%V 24
%N 0
%P 503-12
%@ 0742-2091
%X Sea urchin gametes and embryos serve as a model system to evaluate toxicity in the marine environment. In this study, the toxicity of complex chemical mixtures in leachate samples to sea urchin development was examined with a focus on ammonia, which was the main contaminant of concern in most samples. Two rapid tests, the submitochondrial particle function and bacterial luminescence tests, were also used. Ammonia is highly toxic to sea urchin embryos with an EC50 of 1.3 mg l(-1) for the embryos of the Australian sea urchin Heliocidaris tuberculata. Leachate ammonia levels were well above these EC50 concentrations. To assess the contribution of ammonia to leachate toxicity in sea urchin development, we compared the predicted toxic units (PTU) and observed toxic units (OTU) for ammonia for each sample. The PTU/OTU comparison revealed that the sensitivity of the sea urchin embryos to ammonia were altered (enhanced or decreased) by other chemicals in the leachates. This result emphasises the need for parallel chemical analyses and a suite bioassays for evaluating the toxicity of complex and variable chemical mixtures.
%Z FOR Codes: 111506 60808


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Nakajima, Yoko
%A Chee, Francis C
%A Burke, Robert D
%T Apical organs in echinoderm larvae: insights into larval evolution in the Ambulacraria.
%B Evolution & development
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 9
%N 5
%P 432-445
%@ 1520-541X
%X The anatomy and cellular organization of serotonergic neurons in the echinoderm apical organ exhibits class-specific features in dipleurula-type (auricularia, bipinnaria) and pluteus-type (ophiopluteus, echinopluteus) larvae. The apical organ forms in association with anterior ciliary structures. Apical organs in dipleurula-type larvae are more similar to each other than to those in either of the pluteus forms. In asteroid bipinnaria and holothuroid auricularia the apical organ spans ciliary band sectors that traverse the anterior-most end of the larvae. The asteroid apical organ also has prominent bilateral ganglia that connect with an apical network of neurites. The simple apical organ of the auricularia is similar to that in the hemichordate tornaria larva. Apical organs in pluteus forms differ markedly. The echinopluteus apical organ is a single structure on the oral hood between the larval arms comprised of two groups of cells joined by a commissure and its cell bodies do not reside in the ciliary band. Ophioplutei have a pair of lateral ganglia associated with the ciliary band of larval arms that may be the ophiuroid apical organ. Comparative anatomy of the serotonergic nervous systems in the dipleurula-type larvae of the Ambulacraria (Echinodermata+Hemichordata) suggests that the apical organ of this deuterostome clade originated as a simple bilaterally symmetric nerve plexus spanning ciliary band sectors at the anterior end of the larva. From this structure, the apical organ has been independently modified in association with the evolution of class-specific larval forms.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Walker, Simon J
%T Distribution and reproduction of intertidal species of aquilonastra and cryptasterina (asterinidae) from One Tree Reef, Southern Great Barrier Reef.
%B Bulletin of Marine Science
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Scienc
%V 81
%N 2
%P 209-218
%@ 0007-4977
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Book Section
%A Andrew, N.L.
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Ecology of Centrostephanus
%B Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology
%D 2007
%C Netherlands
%I Elsevier
%V 
%N 
%P 191-204
%@ 0-444-52940-3
%E Lawerence, J.M.
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Golding, RE
%A Ponder, WF
%A Byrne, M
%T Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda : Heterobranchia : Archaeopulmonata)
%B ZOOTAXA
%D 2007
%C New Zealand
%I Magnolia Press
%V n/a
%N 1476
%P 1-50
%@ 1175-5326
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 60802


%0 Book Section
%A Hutchings, Pat
%A Ahyong, Shane
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Przeslawski, Rachel
%A Worheide, Gert
%T Vulnerability of benthic invertebrates of the Great Barrier Reef to climate change
%B Climate Change and the Great Barrier Reef: A Vulnerability Assessment
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
%V 
%N 
%P 310-356
%@ 9781876945619
%E Johnson, Johanna E
%E Marshall, Paul A
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Byrne, Maria
%T Evolution of larval form in ophiuroids: insights from the metamorphic phenotype of Ophiothrix (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea).
%B Evolution & development
%D 2006
%C United States
%I Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
%V 8
%N 2
%P 183-90
%@ 1520-541X
%X Comparison of development through metamorphosis in Ophiothrix species provided insights into the evolutionary relationships between Type I (ophiopluteus only) and Type II (ophiopluteus and vitellaria) patterns of development in the Ophiuroidea. As typical of Type I developers, the six inner larval arms in Ophiothrix spongicola were fully resorbed at metamorphosis and no remnants of ciliated epithelia were retained. The postero-lateral arms function as locomotory organs for the developing juvenile and were discarded at settlement. In contrast, in O. ciliaris the epithelia of the inner arms were transformed into ciliated ridges, similar to those seen in vitellariae and the postero-lateral arms were resorbed rather than being discarded. Larval arm resorption in O. ciliaris is similar to that in Type II developers. The metamorphic phenotype of O. ciliaris provides a link between Type I and II development. The presence of two types of metamorphosis in congeneric ophiuroids and the variable metamorphic phenotype of O. ciliaris was unexpected. It appears that closely related ophiuroids and individual species may have the capacity to metamorphose using either Type I or Type II pathways. Although the phylogenetic distribution of metamorphic phenotypes indicates that Type II development may be the ancestral state, comparative morphology suggests that a developmental dichotomy based on larval arm resorption may not be appropriate for the Ophiuroidea. Until metamorphosis is characterized for more taxa, the ancestral developmental mode for the Ophiuroidea will remain a matter of conjecture.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Brainwood, M.
%A Burgin, S.
%A Byrne, M.
%T Is the decline of freshwater mussel populations in a regulated coastal river in south-eastern Australia linked with human modification of habitat?
%B Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
%D 2006
%C UK
%I John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
%V 16
%N 5
%P 501-516
%@ 1052-7613
%X 


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Byrne, M.
%T Life history diversity and evolution in the Asterinidae.
%B Integrative and Comparative Biology
%D 2006
%C UK
%I Oxford University Press
%V 46
%N 3
%P 243-254
%@ 1540-7063
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Falkner, Inke
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Sewell, Mary A
%T Maternal Provisioning in Ophionereis fasciata and O. schayeri: Brittle Stars With Contrasting Modes of Development.
%B The Biological bulletin
%D 2006
%C USA
%I Marine Biological Laboratory
%V 211
%N 3
%P 204-7
%@ 0006-3185
%X Evolutionary change from planktotrophic to lecithotrophic development in echinoderms is closely tied to an increase in maternal provisioning. We provide the first data on the major energetic constituents in the eggs of two ophiuroids, the planktotroph Ophionereis fasciata (egg diameter 103 mum) and the lecithotroph O. schayeri (egg diameter 248 mum), to document changes in maternal investment associated with the switch to lecithotrophy in O. schayeri. Lipid classes in the eggs of the two species did not differ except for the presence of small amounts of wax esters in the eggs of O. schayeri. Production of a large egg in O. schayeri is mostly due to enhanced deposition of one energy-storage lipid, triglyceride. The eggs of O. schayeri are not simply scaled-up versions of the ancestral-type eggs of O. fasciata. The relationship between lipid and protein content and egg volume conformed to the relationship previously established for echinoderm eggs. Surprisingly, total lipid and protein data for the eggs of O. schayeri grouped with data for the eggs of planktotrophic echinoderms. The eggs of O. schayeri are small compared with those of other echinoderms with lecithotrophic development, and their energetic contents may approach the minimum provisions necessary to permit development without feeding.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Hart, M. W.
%A Keever, C. C.
%A Dartnall, A. J.
%A Byrne, M.
%T Morphological and genetic variation indicate cryptic species within Lamarck's little sea star, Parvulastra (=Patiriella) exigua.
%B Biological Bulletin
%D 2006
%C United States
%I Marine Biological Laboratory
%V 210
%N 2
%P 158-167
%@ 0006-3185
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Falkner, I.
%A Byrne, M.
%T Skeletal characters for identification of juvenile Ophiactis resiliens and Amphiura constricta (Echinodermata): cryptic ophiuroids in coralline turf habitat.
%B Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
%D 2006
%C UK
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 86
%N 5
%P 1199-1207
%@ 0025-3154
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Byrne, Maria
%A Sewell, Mary A
%A Selvakumaraswamy, Paulina
%A Prowse, Thomas A A
%T The Larval Apical Organ in the Holothuroid Chiridota gigas (Apodida): Inferences on Evolution of the Ambulacrarian Larval Nervous System.
%B The Biological bulletin
%D 2006
%C United States
%I Marine Biological Laboratory
%V 211
%N 2
%P 95-100
%@ 0006-3185
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110999


%0 Journal Article
%~ Isi
%A Raff, R. A.
%A Byrne, M.
%T The active evolutionary lives of echinoderm larvae.
%B Heredity
%D 2006
%C United Kingdom
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 97
%N 3
%P 244-252
%@ 0018-067X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: