%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Halliday, Lesley E
%A Peek, Michael J
%A Ellwood, David A
%A Homer, Caroline
%A Knight, Marion
%A McLintock, Claire
%A Jackson-Pulver, Lisa
%A Sullivan, Elizabeth A
%T The Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System: An evaluation of stakeholder engagement, usefulness, simplicity, acceptability, data quality and stability.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
%D 2013
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 53
%N 2
%P 152-157
%@ 1479-828X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hsu, Peter
%A Santner Nanan, Brigitte
%A Dahlstrom, Jane E
%A Fadia, Mitali
%A Chandra, Arin
%A Peek, Michael
%A Nanan, Ralph
%T Altered Decidual DC-SIGN(+) Antigen-Presenting Cells and Impaired Regulatory T-Cell Induction in Preeclampsia.
%B American Journal of Pathology
%D 2012
%C United States
%I American Society for Investigative Pathology
%V 181
%N 6
%P 2149-2160
%@ 0002-9440
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111401


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Suresh, Ashwin
%A Liu, Anthony
%A Poulton, Alison
%A Quinton, Ann
%A Amer, Zara
%A Mongelli, Max
%A Martin, Andrew
%A Benzie, Ronald
%A Peek, Michael
%A Nanan, Ralph
%T Comparison of maternal abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and body mass index as markers for pregnancy outcomes: A stratified cohort study.
%B The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 52
%N 5
%P 420-426
%@ 1479-828X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Vaughan, Geraldine
%A Pollock, Wendy
%A Peek, Michael J
%A Knight, Marian
%A Ellwood, David
%A Homer, Caroline S
%A Pulver, Lisa Jackson
%A McLintock, Claire
%A Ho, Maria T
%A Sullivan, Elizabeth A
%T Ethical issues: The multi-centre low-risk ethics/governance review process and AMOSS.
%B Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 52
%N 2
%P 195-203
%@ 1479-828X
%X Background:??? The Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS) conducts surveillance and research of rare and serious conditions in pregnancy. This multi-centre population health study is considered low risk with minimal ethical impact. Objective:??? To describe the ethics/governance review pathway undertaken by AMOSS. Method:??? Prospective, descriptive study during 2009-2011 of the governance/ethical review processes required to gain approval for Australian and New Zealand (ANZ) maternity units with more than 50 births per year (n???=???303) to participate in AMOSS. Results:??? Review processes ranged from a single application for 24 NZ sites, a single application for eligible hospitals in two Australian states, full Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) applications for individual hospitals, through simple letters of support. As of September 2011, 46 full/expedited ethics applications, 131 site governance applications and 136 letters of support requests were made over 33???months, involving an estimated 3261???hours by AMOSS staff/investigators, and an associated resource burden by participating sites, to obtain approval to receive nonidentifiable data from 291 hospitals. Conclusion:??? The AMOSS research system provides an important resource to enhance knowledge of conditions that cause rare and serious maternal morbidity. Yet the highly variable ethical approval processes required to implement this study have been excessively repetitive and burdensome. This process jeopardises timely, efficient research project implementation, without corresponding benefits to research participants. The resource burden to establish research governance for AMOSS confirms the urgent need for the Harmonisation of Multi-centre Ethical Review (HoMER) to further streamline ethics/governance review processes for multi-centre research.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402 220106


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Quinton, Ann E
%A Peek, Michael J
%A Cook, Colleen-M
%A Kirby, Adrienne
%T Flow-Mediated Dilatation Assessment in Women with Preeclampsia Compared to Women with Gestational Hypertension.
%B Hypertension in Pregnancy
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 31
%N 4
%P 377-386
%@ 1525-6065
%X Objectives. To assess flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in women with preeclampsia (PE) versus gestational hypertension (GH) and to determine if results of this ultrasound method vary with modifications to the technique. Methods. Pregnant women with hypertension (BP ??? 140/90 mmHg) were recruited. Women were allocated to the PE group if they had proteinuria ???300 mg/24 h. FMD(o) was calculated from the percentage difference in baseline and post-occlusion (PO) diameter at 45-60 s and FMD(max) from baseline and maximum diameter between 45 and 90 s. FMD(max) was adjusted for hematocrit and shear rate. Results. FMD(o) (m ?? SD) was similar (p = 0.83) in the no medication GH (5.3 ?? 3.2; n = 15) and the PE (6.5 ?? 4.1; n = 13) groups. FMD(o) was reduced (p < 0.001) in the medication GH (3.7 ?? 2.8; n = 23) versus the PE (8.8 ?? 4.3; n = 25) groups. For FMD(max) the interaction between group and medication was not significant (both p = 0.08) in unadjusted analysis or analysis adjusted for covariates hematocrit (p = 0.023) and shear rate (p = 0.007). Means averaged over medication are presented. FMD(max) was reduced (p < 0.0001) in the GH (5.7 ?? 4.0; n = 38) versus the PE group (9.2 ?? 4.0; n = 38). Of the PE women, 79% (30/38) reached maximum dilatation by 90 s compared with 63% (24/38) of the GH women (chi-square, p = 0.16). Conclusions. The FMD(max) analysis revealed reduced FMD in GH women compared with PE women. We therefore hypothesize that PE may be a different disease to GH. Our work demonstrates differing results in FMD(o) and FMD(max) because of modifications in the technique. Previous work on PE and FMD may not be definitive due to this evolving technique.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Eviston, David P
%A Quinton, Ann E
%A Benzie, Ron J
%A Peek, Michael J
%A Martin, Andrew
%A Nanan, Ralph K
%T Impaired fetal thymic growth precedes clinical preeclampsia: a case-control study.
%B Journal of Reproductive Immunology
%D 2012
%C Ireland
%I Elsevier Ireland Ltd
%V 94
%N 2
%P 183-189
%@ 1872-7603
%X In preeclampsia the maternal adaptive immune system undergoes specific changes, which are different from the physiological processes associated with healthy pregnancy. Whether preeclampsia also affects the fetal immune system is difficult to investigate, due to limited access to the fetus. We hypothesized that if preeclampsia affects the fetal adaptive immune system this might be associated with early changes in thymic growth. In this case-control study, 53 preeclamptic and 120 healthy control pregnancies were matched for maternal age, gestational age and smoking. Fetal thymus diameter was measured as the greatest width perpendicular to a line connecting sternum and spine based on ultrasound images taken at 17-21 weeks gestation. Independent of fetal and maternal anthropometric measures, thymuses were found to be smaller in preeclamptic pregnancies than healthy controls (16.2mm versus 18.3mm, respectively, mean difference=2.1mm, 95% CI: 0.8-3.3, p<0.001), and the odds of developing preeclampsia was estimated to be 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60-0.86, p<0.001) lower for each 1mm increase in thymus diameter. There was no correlation between the onset of preeclampsia and fetal thymus size. This is the first study to suggest that fetal thymus growth is reduced before the clinical onset of preeclampsia and precedes any described fetal anomalies or maternal immunological changes associated with preeclampsia. We propose that the fetal adaptive immune system is either passively affected by maternal processes preceding clinical preeclampsia or is actively involved in initiating preeclampsia in later pregnancy.
%Z FOR Codes: 110399 110799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Mohamed, N
%A Eviston, D P
%A Quinton, A E
%A Benzie, R J
%A Kirby, A C
%A Peek, M J
%A Nanan, R K
%T Smaller fetal thymuses in pre-eclampsia: a prospective cross-sectional study.
%B Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
%V 37
%N 4
%P 410-415
%@ 1469-0705
%X To determine whether the thymus is smaller in fetuses of pre-eclamptic mothers than in those of normal controls.
%Z FOR Codes: 110320 111401 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Delsing, Corinne
%A Van Den Wittenboer, Ellen
%A Liu, Anthony J W
%A Peek, Michael John
%A Quinton, Ann
%A Mongelli, Max
%A Poulton, Alison
%A Nanan, Ralph
%T The relationship between maternal opiate use, amphetamine use and smoking on fetal growth.
%B The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
%D 2011
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 51
%N 5
%P 446-451
%@ 1479-828X
%X Opiate and amphetamine use during pregnancy is frequently associated with cigarette smoking. The negative effects on fetal growth from nicotine combined with opiates or amphetamines during pregnancy are not well documented.
%Z FOR Codes: 111401


%0 Book Section
%A Peek, Michael
%A Mangos, George J
%A Brown, Mark A
%T Approach to Fetal Assessment, Optimization of Neonatal Outcome, Mode of Delivery and Timing for Nonobstetric Readers
%B de Swiet’s Medical
Disorders in Obstetric Practice
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
%V 
%N 
%P 749-753
%@ 9781405148474
%E Powrie, Raymond O.
%E Greene, Michael F.
%E Camann, William
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111401


%0 Journal Article
%A Seppelt, Ian
%A Finfer, Simon
%A Nguyen, Nhi
%A Peek, Michael
%T Critical illness due to2009 A/H1N1 influenza in pregnant and
postpartum women: population based cohort study
%B BMJ
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, United States
%I BMJ Group
%V 340
%N 
%P c1279
%@ 1468-5833
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111402 111706


%0 Book Section
%A Brown, Mark A.
%A Mangos, George J.
%A Peek, Michael
%A Plaat, Felicity
%T Renal Disease in Pregnancy
%B de Swiet’s Medical
Disorders in Obstetric Practice
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
%V 
%N 
%P 182-208
%@ 9781405148474
%E Powrie, Raymond O.
%E Greene, Michael F.
%E Camann, William
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111402 110312


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Peek, Michael
%A Nanan, Ralph
%T Comment on: Association of maternal pre-pregnancy weight with birth defects: Evidence from a case-control study in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 49: 11-15.
%B The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 49
%N 5
%P 564-5
%@ 1479-828X
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Homer, Caroline
%A Clements, Vanessa
%A McDonnell, Nolan
%A Peek, Michael
%A Sullivan, Elizabeth
%T Maternal mortality: What can we learn from stories of postpartum haemorrhage?
%B Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives
%D 2009
%C Netherlands, Austral
%I Elsevier BV
%V 22
%N 3
%P 97-104
%@ 1871-5192
%X Death from pregnancy is rare in developed countries such as Australia but is still common in third world and developing countries. The investigation of each maternal death yields valuable information and lessons that all health care providers involved with the care of women can learn from. The aim of these investigations is to prevent future maternal morbidity and mortality. Obstetric haemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal death internationally. It is the most common cause of death in developing countries. In Australia and the United Kingdom, obstetric haemorrhage is ranked as the 4th and 3rd most common cause of direct maternal death respectively. In a number of cases there are readily identifiable factors associated with the care that the women received that may have contributed to their death. It is from these identifiable factors that both midwives and doctors can learn to help prevent similar episodes from occurring. This article will identify some of the lessons that can be learnt from the recent Australian and UK maternal death reports. This paper presents an overview of the process and systems for the reporting of maternal death in Australia. It will then specifically focus on obstetric haemorrhage, with a focus on postpartum haemorrhage, for the 12-year period, 1994-2005. Vignettes from the maternal mortality reports in Australia and the United Kingdom are used to highlight the important lessons for providers of maternity care.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Santner-Nanan, Brigitte
%A Peek, Michael John
%A Khanam, Roma
%A Richarts, Luise
%A Zhu, Erhua
%A Fazekas de St Groth, Barbara
%A Nanan, Ralph
%T Systemic increase in the ratio between Foxp3+ and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells in healthy pregnancy but not in preeclampsia.
%B Journal of Immunology
%D 2009
%C United States
%I American Association of Immunologists
%V 183
%N 11
%P 7023-7030
%@ 1550-6606
%X Preeclampsia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. Although the etiology of preeclampsia is still unclear, it is believed to involve rejection of the fetus, possibly due to an imbalance between regulatory (Treg) and effector T cells. To test this, we compared the frequencies of circulating CD4(+) T cells expressing Foxp3, IFN-gamma, IL-10, or IL-17 at the end of the third trimester of healthy and preeclamptic pregnancies. The size of the Treg cell compartment, defined by the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(high), CD4(+)CD127(low)CD25(+), and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells was significantly higher in normal compared with preeclamptic pregnancies. CD4(+)CD25(high) and CD4(+)CD127(low)CD25(+) populations in preeclampsia were not significantly different from those in nonpregnant controls, whereas CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells numbersre slightly lower in preeclampsia. The suppressive activity of ex vivo-sorted CD4(+)CD127(low)CD25(+) Treg cells was not significantly different between the three study groups. The percentage of CD4(+)IL-17-producing T cells decreased significantly in healthy compared with preeclamptic pregnancies and nonpregnant controls, whereas CD4(+)IL-10- and CD4(+)IFN-gamma-producing cells remained unchanged. Consequently, the ratio of Foxp3(+) Treg to IL-17-expressing CD4(+) T cells was significantly increased in healthy but not in preeclamptic pregnancies. Thus, preeclampsia is associated with the absence of normal systemic skewing away from IL-17 production toward Foxp3(+) expression. Finally, preeclamptic women had significantly higher levels of soluble endoglin, an inhibitor of TGF-beta receptor signaling, which may bias toward IL-17 production. These results suggest that homeostasis between regulatory and proinflammatory CD4(+) T cells might be pivotal for the semiallogeneic fetus to be tolerated within the maternal environment.
%Z FOR Codes: 1107 1114 1107 1114


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A de Vries, B S
%A Peek, M J
%T Exploring the mechanisms of intrapartum transmission of HIV. Does elective caesarean section hold the key?
%B BJOG
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 115
%N 6
%P 677-680
%@ 1470-0328
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111401


%0 Journal Article
%A Cartmill, Jacqueline L
%A Quinton, Ann
%A Peek, Michael
%T Fetal intracranial abnormalities in the third trimester - MRI as a useful diagnostic tool
%B ASUM Ultrasound Bulletin
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Minnis Communications
%V 11
%N 1
%P 30-35
%@ 1441-6891
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110320 111401


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Quinton, A E
%A Cook, C-M
%A Peek, M J
%T The relationship between cigarette smoking, endothelial function and intrauterine growth restriction in human pregnancy.
%B BJOG
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing
%V 115
%N 6
%P 780-784
%@ 1470-0328
%X This study examined the relationship of cigarette smoking and endothelial function in pregnant women by comparing smokers with nonsmokers. Endothelial function was assessed at 28-32 weeks of gestation by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) using ultrasound of the brachial artery. The initial FMD was significantly different between the smoking group (n = 21) at 4.0 +/- 2.3, indicating endothelial dysfunction, and the nonsmoking group (n = 20) at 9.7 +/- 4.0 (P < 0.001). After smoking, this difference in the groups persisted. Babies who were growth restricted (<10th percentile) had mothers with a significantly lower FMD, that is endothelial dysfunction. This work demonstrates persistent endothelial dysfunction in smoking pregnant women.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Peek, Michael J
%A Nanan, Ralph K
%T The role of sepsis in the AMOR-IPAT Trial.
%B American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Mosby
%V 200
%N 0
%P e12; author reply e12-3
%@ 0002-9378
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A De Vries, Bradley Stephen
%A Cossart, Yvonne E
%A Murray, Henry
%A Peek, Michael John
%T Transplacental haemorrhage may explain the intrapartum transmission of HIV. A pilot study uses flow cytometry to quantify maternal red blood cells in infants born vaginally or by caesarean section.
%B The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
%D 2008
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 48
%N 6
%P 575-579
%@ 0004-8666
%X Intrapartum transmission is epidemiologically important for some viruses such as HIV and hepatitis B virus, but its precise mechanism is unknown. We hypothesised that the ability of elective caesarean section to prevent HIV may be due to prevention of transplacental microtransfusions of blood during labour. Their frequency is not known so we performed a pilot study which showed evidence of transplacental transfusion from mother to fetus in one of ten mother-infant pairs delivering vaginally and none of ten delivering by elective caesarean section. We conclude that transplacental transfusion occurs and is one possible mechanism for the intrapartum transmission of viruses from mother to baby.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Quinton, Ann E
%A Cook, Colleen-M
%A Peek, Michael J
%T A longitudinal study using ultrasound to assess flow-mediated dilatation in normal human pregnancy.
%B Hypertension in Pregnancy
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 26
%N 3
%P 273-281
%@ 1064-1955
%X Objective: To develop normal ranges of endothelial function in normal human pregnancy to use as a screening test for preeclampsia. Methods: In this longitudinal study, women were studied five times during pregnancy and once postpartum using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). FMD is a noninvasive ultrasound technique used to assess endothelial function. Healthy nonpregnant women were controls. Results: FMD increased non-significantly in pregnancy until 32 weeks, when it decreased significantly at 36+ weeks (n = 47). Conclusion: The fall in FMD in the third trimester has not been previously reported. This indicates the importance of gestational age when assessing FMD as a screening test for preeclampsia.
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Peek, Michael J
%A Condous, George S
%A Nanan, Ralph K H
%T Fetal pulse oximetry and cesarean delivery.
%B New England Journal of Medicine
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Massachusetts Medical Society
%V 356
%N 13
%P 1377
%@ 1533-4406
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111402


%0 Journal Article
%A Cartmill, Jacqueline L
%A Quinton, Ann
%A Peek, Michael
%T The 'elephant trunk' sign and prenatal diagnosis of cloacal exstrophy
%B ASUM Ultrasound Bulletin
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Minnis Communications
%V 10
%N 4
%P 30-32
%@ 1441-6891
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110320 111401