%0 Journal Article
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Smith-Merry, Jennifer
%A Healy, Judith
%A McDonald, Fiona
%T Health complaint commissions in Australia: Time for a national approach to data collection
%B Australian Review of Public Affairs
%D 2012
%C Australia
%I School of Economics, University of Sydney
%V 11
%N 1
%P 1-18
%@ 1832-1526
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111711


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Woodward, Helen
%A Van Staalduinen, Samantha
%A Lemer, C
%A Greaves, F
%A Noble, D
%A Ellis, B
%A Donaldson, L
%A Barraclough, B
%A , for and on behalf of the Expert Group convened by the World Alliance of Patient Safety, as Expert Lead for the Sub-Programme
%T Republished paper: The WHO patient safety curriculum guide for medical schools.
%B Postgraduate Medical Journal
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 87
%N 1026
%P 317-321
%@ 1469-0756
%X Background The urgent need for patient safety education for healthcare students has been recognised by many accreditation bodies, but to date there has been sporadic attention to undergraduate/graduate medical programmes. Medical students themselves have identified quality and safety of care as an important area of instruction; as future doctors and healthcare leaders, they must be prepared to practise safe healthcare. Medical education has yet to fully embrace patient safety concepts and principles into existing medical curricula. Universities are continuing to produce graduate doctors lacking in the patient safety knowledge, skills and behaviours thought necessary to deliver safe care. A significant challenge is that patient safety is still a relatively new concept and area of study; thus, many medical educators are unfamiliar with the literature and unsure how to integrate patient safety learning into existing curriculum. Design To address this gap and provide a foothold for medical schools all around the world, the WHO''s World Alliance for Patient Safety sponsored the development of a patient safety curriculum guide for medical students. The WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide for Medical Schools adopts a ''one-stop-shop'' approach in that it includes a teacher''s manual providing a step-by-step guide for teachers new to patient safety learning as well as a comprehensive curriculum on the main patient safety areas. This paper establishes the need for patient safety education of medical students, describes the development of the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide for Medical Schools and outlines the content of the Guide.
%Z FOR Codes: 130209


%0 Book Section
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Responding to patient harm: patient safety initiatives in Australia
%B Patient Safety, Law Policy and Practice
%D 2011
%C United States, Canad
%I Routledge
%V 
%N 
%P 225-228
%@ 9780415557313
%E Tingle, John
%E Bark, Pippa
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 220106 111709


%0 Book
%A Barraclough, Bruce
%A Ellis, Benjamin
%A Leotsakos, Agnes
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide: Multi-professional Edition
%B 
%D 2011
%C Switzerland
%I World Health Organization
%V 
%N 
%P 
%@ 9789241501958
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 130209


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nash, Louise M
%A Daly, Michele G
%A Kelly, Patrick J
%A van Ekert, Elizabeth H
%A Walter, Garry
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Willcock, Simon M
%A Tennant, Chris C
%T Factors associated with psychiatric morbidity and hazardous alcohol use in Australian doctors.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 193
%N 3
%P 161-6
%@ 0025-729X
%X OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with psychiatric morbidity and hazardous alcohol use in Australian doctors. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional postal survey of 2999 doctors (including all major specialty groups, trainees and general practitioners) insured with an Australian medical insurance company. The potential for psychiatric morbidity was measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the potential for hazardous alcohol use by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The survey was conducted in 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic, work-related and personality factors associated with a GHQ score > 4 and an AUDIT score >/= 8. RESULTS: Factors significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity in doctors were: having a current medicolegal matter, not taking a holiday in the previous year, working long hours, type of specialty, and having personality traits of neuroticism and introversion. Factors significantly associated with potentially hazardous alcohol use were being male, being Australian-trained, being between 40 and 49 years of age, having personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion, failing to meet Continuing Medical Education requirements, and being a solo practitioner. CONCLUSIONS: The mental health of medical practitioners is crucial to the quality of care their patients receive. Doctors should reflect on their hours of work and need for holidays. Involvement with medicolegal processes, such as lawsuits, complaints and inquiries, is a stressful part of medical practice today. Doctors need to be educated about these processes and understand how the experience may affect their health, work and loved ones.
%Z FOR Codes: 111705


%0 Journal Article
%A Lander, Jo
%A Reid, Sharon
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Rubin, George
%T Learning About Quality and Safety in an On-line Learning Environment
%B Focus on Health Professional Education
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I ANZAME
%V 12
%N 1
%P 31-38
%@ 1442-1100
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 130209


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nash, Louise M
%A Walton, Merrilyn M
%A Daly, Michele G
%A Kelly, Patrick J
%A Walter, Garry
%A van Ekert, Elizabeth H
%A Willcock, Simon M
%A Tennant, Christopher C
%T Perceived practice change in Australian doctors as a result of medicolegal concerns.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 193
%N 10
%P 579-583
%@ 0025-729X
%X OBJECTIVES: To explore the perceived impact of medicolegal concerns on how Australian doctors practise medicine and to compare doctors who have experienced a medicolegal matter with those who have not. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey (posted in September 2007, with reminder 4??weeks later) of Australian doctors from all major specialty groups, trainees and a sample of general practitioners who were insured with a medical insurance company. PARTICIPANTS: 2999??respondents of 8360??who were sent the survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perceived practice changes due to concerns about medicolegal issues, beliefs about medicolegal issues, and the influence of medicolegal issues on both career choices and how doctors relate to their patients. RESULTS: Respondents reported changes in practice behaviour due to medicolegal concerns, with 43% of doctors stating that they referred patients more than usual, 55% stating that they ordered tests more than usual, and 11% stating that they prescribed medications more than usual. Respondents also reported improved communication of risk (66%), increased disclosure of uncertainty (44%), developed better systems for tracking results (48%) and better methods for identifying non-attenders (39%) and for auditing clinical practice (35%). Concerns about medicolegal issues led to 33% considering giving up medicine, 32% considering reducing their working hours and 40% considering retiring early. These proportions were all significantly greater for doctors who had previously experienced a medicolegal matter compared with those who had not. CONCLUSIONS: This Australian study, like international studies, confirms that doctors'' concerns about medicolegal issues impact on their practice in a variety of ways. There is a greater perceived impact on those doctors who have previously experienced a medicolegal matter.
%Z FOR Codes: 111714 111705


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Woodward, Helen
%A Van Staalduinen, Samantha
%A Lemer, C
%A Greaves, F
%A Noble, D
%A Ellis, B
%A Donaldson, L
%A Barraclough, B
%A , for and on behalf of the Expert Group convened by the World Alliance of Patient Safety, as Expert Lead for the Sub-Programme
%T The WHO patient safety curriculum guide for medical schools.
%B Quality & safety in health care
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BMJ Group
%V 19
%N 6
%P 542-546
%@ 1475-3898
%X Background The urgent need for patient safety education for healthcare students has been recognised by many accreditation bodies, but to date there has been sporadic attention to undergraduate/graduate medical programmes. Medical students themselves have identified quality and safety of care as an important area of instruction; as future doctors and healthcare leaders, they must be prepared to practise safe healthcare. Medical education has yet to fully embrace patient safety concepts and principles into existing medical curricula. Universities are continuing to produce graduate doctors lacking in the patient safety knowledge, skills and behaviours thought necessary to deliver safe care. A significant challenge is that patient safety is still a relatively new concept and area of study; thus, many medical educators are unfamiliar with the literature and unsure how to integrate patient safety learning into existing curriculum. Design To address this gap and provide a foothold for medical schools all around the world, the WHO''s World Alliance for Patient Safety sponsored the development of a patient safety curriculum guide for medical students. The WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide for Medical Schools adopts a ''one-stop-shop'' approach in that it includes a teacher''s manual providing a step-by-step guide for teachers new to patient safety learning as well as a comprehensive curriculum on the main patient safety areas. This paper establishes the need for patient safety education of medical students, describes the development of the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum Guide for Medical Schools and outlines the content of the Guide.
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Barraclough, B
%A Van Staalduinen, S
%A Elliott, S
%T An educational approach to improving healthcare safety and quality
%B Journal of Evidence-based Medicine
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 2
%N 
%P 136-142
%@ 1756-5383
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111709


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nash, Louise M
%A Kelly, Patrick J
%A Daly, Michele G
%A Walter, Garry
%A van Ekert, Elizabeth H
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Willcock, Simon M
%A Tennant, Christopher C
%T Australian doctors' involvement in medicolegal matters: a cross-sectional self-report study.
%B The Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 191
%N 8
%P 436-440
%@ 0025-729X
%X OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of, and factors associated with, Australian doctors'' involvement in medicolegal matters. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional survey of Australian doctors (specialists, trainees and general practitioners) insured with the medical insurance company Avant. A self-report questionnaire was mailed to Avant members in September 2007 to gather data on their involvement in medicolegal matters. Information on psychiatric morbidity and alcohol consumption was also collected using the General Health Questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence and type of past and current medicolegal matters with which doctors have been involved. RESULTS: Of 8500 doctors invited to participate, 2999 returned completed surveys (36% response rate). Sixty-five per cent of respondents had been involved in a medicolegal matter at some time, and 14% were involved in a current matter. The two most common types of medicolegal matter were claims for compensation and complaints to a health care complaints body. Doctors were more likely to be involved in medicolegal matters if they were male, worked in high-intervention areas of medicine (surgery and obstretics/gynaecology), and worked longer hours. CONCLUSION: Our study concurs with other studies in finding an association between medicolegal matters and being male, working long hours and working in high-intervention areas of medicine. Unlike other studies, we found no association between age and involvement in a current medicolegal matter. Our findings also pose the question of whether psychiatric morbidity in doctors is a cause or effect of the medicolegal process.
%Z FOR Codes: 111705


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Kumar, Koshila
%A Roberts, Chris
%A Rothnie, Imogene
%A du Fresne, Christine
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Experiences of the multiple mini-interview: a qualitative analysis.
%B Medical Education
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 43
%N 4
%P 360-367
%@ 1365-2923
%X CONTEXT: Multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) are increasingly used in high-stakes medical school selection. Yet there is little published research about participants'' experiences and understandings of the process. We report the findings from an international qualitative study on candidate and interviewer experiences of the MMI for entry into a graduate-entry medical school. METHODS: Qualitative data from six interviewer focus groups and 442 candidate and 75 interviewer surveys were analysed using framework analysis. Multiple researchers (n = 3) analysed a proportion of the data and developed a thematic framework capturing content-related (i.e. what was said) themes that emerged from the data. This thematic framework was then used to code the complete dataset. RESULTS: Several key themes were identified, including participants'' perspectives on having: (i) a one-to-one interview; (ii) multiple assessment opportunities; (iii) a standardised, scenario-based interview; (iv) a mini-interview, and on (v) the attributes currently measured by the MMI, and (vi) other attributes that should be assessed. CONCLUSIONS: We gained a deeper understanding of participants'' experiences of a high-stakes, decision-making process for selection into a graduate-entry medical school. We discuss our findings in the light of the existing literature and make recommendations to address the issue of differing participant expectations and understandings of the MMI, and to improve the credibility and acceptability of the process.
%Z FOR Codes: 130209


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nash, Louise
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Daly, Michele
%A Johnson, Maree
%A Walter, Garry
%A van Ekert, Elizabeth
%A Willcock, Simon
%A Tennant, Chris
%T GPs' concerns about medicolegal issues - How it affects their practice.
%B Australian family physician
%D 2009
%C Australia
%I Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
%V 38
%N 1-2
%P 66-70
%@ 0300-8495
%X BACKGROUND: General practitioners'' concerns about medicolegal issues have been shown to influence the practice of medicine. This research looks at GPs'' beliefs about medicolegal issues and how medicolegal concerns affect their practice. METHODS: A descriptive comparative design was used. A cross sectional self report survey was sent to 1239 GPs, 566 responded (46% response rate). Responses were considered as a group, and then comparisons were made between those who had experienced a medicolegal matter and those who had not. This data was sourced from surveys and medicolegal insurer records. RESULTS: General practitioners with previous medicolegal experiences were more likely than their colleagues to report believing the law required them to make perfect decisions and that medicolegal factors made them consider early retirement from medicine. They were also less likely to believe that inadequate communication is a factor in most complaints. More than half the GPs reported having made practice changes due to medicolegal concerns in the following areas: test ordering (73%); specialist referrals (66%); systems to track test results (70%); and communication of risk to patients (68%). Other changes were reported less frequently. DISCUSSION: This study found that GPs'' concerns about medicolegal matters impact on their practise of medicine. While greater awareness of medicolegal issues may lead to positive impacts, the negative impact of their concerns is that some changes arise from anxiety about medicolegal matters rather than from the exercise of good clinical judgment.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Patient safety--a view from down under.
%B Quality and Safety in Health Care
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BMJ Group
%V 18
%N 6
%P 422-423
%@ 1475-3901
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Book Section
%A Emanuel, Linda
%A Berwick, Don
%A Conway, James
%A Combes, John
%A Hatlie, Martin
%A Leape, Lucian
%A Reason, James
%A Schyve, Paul
%A Vincent, Charles
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches
%B Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
%V 
%N 
%P 1-18
%@ 08-0034-1
%E Henriksen, Kerm
%E Battles, James B.
%E Keyes, Margaret A.
%E Grady, Mary L.
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Roberts, Chris
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Rothnie, Imogene
%A Crossley, Jim
%A Lyon, Patricia
%A Kumar, Koshila
%A Tiller, David
%T Factors affecting the utility of the multiple mini-interview in selecting candidates for graduate-entry medical school.
%B Medical Education
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 42
%N 4
%P 396-404
%@ 1365-2923
%X CONTEXT: We wished to determine which factors are important in ensuring interviewers are able to make reliable and valid decisions about the non-cognitive characteristics of candidates when selecting candidates for entry into a graduate-entry medical programme using the multiple mini-interview (MMI). METHODS: Data came from a high-stakes admissions procedure. Content validity was assured by using a framework based on international criteria for sampling the behaviours expected of entry-level students. A variance components analysis was used to estimate the reliability and sources of measurement error. Further modelling was used to estimate the optimal configurations for future MMI iterations. RESULTS: This study refers to 485 candidates, 155 interviewers and 21 questions taken from a pre- prepared bank. For a single MMI question and 1 assessor, 22% of the variance between scores reflected candidate-to-candidate variation. The reliability for an 8-question MMI was 0.7; to achieve 0.8 would require 14 questions. Typical inter-question correlations ranged from 0.08 to 0.38. A disattenuated correlation with the Graduate Australian Medical School Admissions Test (GAMSAT) subsection ''Reasoning in Humanities and Social Sciences'' was 0.26. CONCLUSIONS: The MMI is a moderately reliable method of assessment. The largest source of error relates to aspects of interviewer subjectivity, suggesting interviewer training would be beneficial. Candidate performance on 1 question does not correlate strongly with performance on another question, demonstrating the importance of context specificity. The MMI needs to be sufficiently long for precise comparison for ranking purposes. We supported the validity of the MMI by showing a small positive correlation with GAMSAT section scores.
%Z FOR Codes: 130209


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nash, Louise
%A Daly, Michele
%A Johnson, Maree
%A Coulston, Carissa
%A Tennant, Chris
%A van Ekert, Elizabeth
%A Walter, Garry
%A Willcock, Simon
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Personality, gender and medico-legal matters in medical practice.
%B Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
%D 2008
%C United Kingdom
%I Taylor & Francis Ltd.
%V 17
%N 
%P 19-24
%@ 1440-1665
%X The aim of this paper was to explore the relationship between the personality traits of Australian General Practitioners (GPs) and their gender, work practice arrangements, and history of medico-legal matters.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Book Section
%A Emanuel, Linda
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Hatlie, Martin
%A Lau, Denys
%A Shaw, Tim
%A Shalowitz, Joel
%A Combes, John
%T The Patient Safety Education Project: An International Collaboration
%B Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
%V 
%N 
%P 1-15
%@ 0800341
%E Henriksen, Kerm
%E Battles, James B.
%E Keyes, Margaret A.
%E Grady, Mary L.
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Book Section
%A Emanuel, Linda
%A Berwick, Don
%A Conway, James
%A Combes, John
%A Hatlie, Martin
%A Leape, Lucian
%A Reason, James
%A Schyve, Paul
%A Vincent, Charles
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T What exactly is patient safety?
%B Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
%V 
%N 
%P 1-18
%@ 08-0034-1
%E Henriksen, Kerm
%E Battles, James B.
%E Keyes, Margaret A.
%E Grady, Mary L.
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Graham, Ian S
%A Gleason, Andrew J
%A Keogh, Gregory W
%A Paltridge, Deborah
%A Rogers, Ian R
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A De Paola, Caroline
%A Singh, Jagdishwar
%A McGrath, Barry P
%T Australian Curriculum Framework for Junior Doctors.
%B The Medical journal of Australia
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 186
%N 7 Suppl
%P S14-9
%@ 1326-5377
%X The Confederation of Postgraduate Medical Education Councils launched the Australian Curriculum Framework for Junior Doctors in October 2006. The curriculum framework: balances the major areas of clinical management, communication and professionalism, and highlights the importance of an integrated approach to prevocational learning and teaching; supports practice-based, opportunistic and continuous learning, and specifies performance and supervision requirements for junior doctors; and has been published in both Internet and printable versions, to make the document accessible and easily usable by junior doctors and supervisors. The implementation of the curriculum framework will be overseen by a steering group that includes representatives from key stakeholder groups, including junior doctors and medical students.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Book Section
%A Burnand, Jo
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Medico-legal and related matters
%B Becoming a Doctor: Surviving and Thriving in the Early Postgraduate Years
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Elsevier
%V 
%N 
%P 133-146
%@ 978-0-7295-3758-2
%E Burnand, Jo
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Book Section
%A Burnand, Jo
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Medico-legal and related matters
%B Becoming a Doctor: Surviving snd Thriving in the Early Postgraduate Years
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Elsevier
%V 
%N 
%P 133-146
%@ 9780729537582
%E Burnand, Jo
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Book Section
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Patient safety and satisfaction: dealing with mistakes and complaints
%B Becoming a Doctor: Surviving and Thriving in the Early Postgraduate Years
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Elsevier
%V 
%N 
%P 147-162
%@ 9780729537582
%E Burnand, Jo
%E Burnand, Jo
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 1117


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nash, Louise
%A Daly, Michele
%A Johnson, Maree
%A Walter, Garry
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Willcock, Simon
%A Coulston, Carissa
%A van Ekert, Elizabeth
%A Tennant, Chris
%T Psychological morbidity in Australian doctors who have and have not experienced a medico-legal matter: cross-sectional survey.
%B The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 41
%N 11
%P 917-25
%@ 1440-1614
%X OBJECTIVE: To describe the differences in psychological morbidity between Australian general practitioners (GPs) who have experienced a medico-legal matter and those who have not. METHODS: A total of 1,499 GPs were initially invited to participate in the study. Two hundred and sixty requested not to participate, with 1,239 subsequently being sent a survey. There were 566 respondents (45.7% response rate to survey). There were two sources of data. First, a cross-sectional survey sought demographic information, personality traits via the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), history of a medico-legal matter with any medical defence organization, and measures of psychological morbidity, including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Second, information was extracted from the United Medical Protection database on medico-legal matters. RESULTS: Fifty-nine per cent of respondents to the survey reported ever having a medico-legal matter, with 13% having a current medico-legal matter. Those with a current matter reported increased levels of disability (in work, social or family life) and higher prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (45% vs 27% GHQ ''case identification'' rates), compared to those with no current matter. Those respondents with a history of past medico-legal matters reported increased levels of disability (SDS) and depression subscores (GHQ). Male respondents drank significantly more alcohol than female respondents, and male respondents with current or past medico-legal matters had significantly higher levels of alcohol use than male respondents with no experience of medico-legal matters. CONCLUSIONS: Doctors who have current and past medico-legal matters have a higher level of psychological morbidity. The study design was unable to distinguish cause or effect. A longitudinal study is planned to investigate this. The findings have significant implications for medical training, doctor support systems and medical insurance groups.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Book Section
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Public reports: putting patients in the picture requires a new relationship between doctors and patients
%B Informed Consent and Clinician Accountability: The Ethics of Report Cards on Surgeon Performance
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Cambridge University Press
%V 
%N 
%P 65-75
%@ 978-0-521-86507-4
%E Oakley, Justin
%E Clarke, Steve
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Book
%A Runciman, Bill
%A Merry, Alan
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Safety and Ethics in Healthcare: A Guide to Getting it Right
%B 
%D 2007
%C England
%I Ashgate Publishing Limited
%V 
%N 
%P 
%@ 978-0-7546-4435-4
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%T Teaching patient safety to clinicians and medical students
%B The Clinical Teacher
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I Wiley-Blackwell
%V 4
%N 
%P 224-231
%@ 1743-4971
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111799


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Walton, Merrilyn M
%A Shaw, Tim
%A Barnet, Stewart
%A Ross, Jackie
%T Developing a national patient safety education framework for Australia.
%B Quality & safety in health care
%D 2006
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Publishing Group
%V 15
%N 6
%P 437-42
%@ 1475-3901
%X BACKGROUND: In 2004, The Australian Council for Safety and Quality in Health Care recognised that the lack of a comprehensive framework describing competencies for patient safety was a barrier to achieving a competent and safe health workforce. This article describes the building of a national patient safety education framework that describes the competencies for healthcare workers. AIM: Develop an educational framework that was patient centred and identified the knowledge, skills and behaviours required by healthcare workers irrespective of their profession, position or location. METHODS: The content of the framework was developed using a four-staged approach: literature review, development of learning areas and topics, classification into learning domains and, lastly, converting into a performance-sbased format. An extensive consultation and validation process was also undertaken. RESULTS: A national patient safety education framework was endorsed by The Australian Council for Safety and Quality in Health Care in 2005. The framework is already being used to develop curricula and train the trainer programmes in patient safety. CONCLUSIONS: The framework, which draws its educational approach from adult learning principles, was extensively researched and built on the experience of healthcare workers. The next challenge is to test different strategies for implementing the framework.
%Z FOR Codes: 111702


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Walton, M M
%T Hierarchies: the Berlin Wall of patient safety.
%B Quality & safety in health care
%D 2006
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Publishing Group
%V 15
%N 4
%P 229-30
%@ 1475-3901
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Walton, Merrilyn M
%A Elliott, Susan L
%T Improving safety and quality: how can education help?
%B The Medical journal of Australia
%D 2006
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 184
%N 10 Suppl
%P S60-4
%@ 0025-729X
%X National efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care present challenges for medical education and training. Today''s doctors need to be skilled communicators who know how to identify, prevent and manage adverse events and near misses, how to use evidence and information, how to work safely in a team, how to practise ethically, and how to be workplace teachers and learners. These competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) are set out in the National Patient Safety Education Framework (NPSF) of the Australian Council for Safety and Quality in Health Care. The NPSF is designed to help medical schools, vocational colleges, health organisations and private practitioners develop curricula to enable health professionals to work safely. The NPSF describes what doctors (depending on their level of knowledge and experience) can do to demonstrate competencies in a range of quality and safety activities. Medical schools, vocational colleges, health organisations and private practitioners need to work collaboratively with one another and with other health professionals to ensure that patient safety and quality curricula are implemented and evaluated, and that valid and reliable assessments of learning outcomes are developed. Interdisciplinary and vertically integrated education and training are needed, incorporating innovative methods, to create a safer health care system.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Nash, Louise
%A Curtis, Bradley
%A Walton, Merrilyn
%A Willcock, Simon
%A Tennant, Christopher
%T The response of doctors to a formal complaint.
%B Australasian Psychiatry
%D 2006
%C UK
%I Taylor & Francis Ltd.
%V 14
%N 3
%P 246-50
%@ 1039-8562
%X This pilot study investigates the psychological impact on doctors of a complaint to the New South Wales Health Care Complaints Commission and the doctor''s perception of legal risk. Doctors who received a complaint were sent a set of questionnaires embracing psychological variables and their perceptions of legal risk. The response rate was 60%. Thirty-eight per cent of respondents met screening criteria for psychiatric disorder. There was, however, minimal functional impairment of work, social or family life. Respondents scored highly on altruism, but at the same time were ''tough minded''. The questionnaire to assess the doctor''s perception of legal risk appeared to have acceptable construct validity but showed that doctors still misunderstand medico-legal risk. Psychiatric morbidity rates of our sample were comparable with other Australian medical samples. This small sample appeared to cope with the stress of a complaint better than those reported in other studies.
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