%0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Koloski, Natasha A %A Boyce, Philip M %A Jones, Michael P %A Talley, Nicholas J %T What level of IBS symptoms drives impairment in health-related quality of life in community subjects with irritable bowel syndrome? : Are current IBS symptom thresholds clinically meaningful? %B Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation %D 2012 %V %N %P %@ 1573-2649 %X BACKGROUND: Quality of life is impaired in some people with IBS, but the level of symptoms that may drive this impairment is unclear. AIMS: We aimed to identify whether current frequency and severity cut-offs for IBS-type symptoms are associated with a clinically meaningful impairment of quality of life in the community. METHODS: People who met modified Rome III criteria for IBS (n??=??201) and controls (n??=??1,904) were assessed. Frequency of IBS symptoms was grouped a priori into 'less frequent' (not at all and sometimes) and 'more' frequent (often, very often and almost always). Severity of abdominal pain was grouped into 'mild' (very mild and mild) and severe (moderate, severe and very severe). Mental and physical functioning was measured using the valid SF-12, with 'normal' functioning (defined as a score of >43 and >48) and 'impaired' functioning (defined as a score of ???43 and ???48), respectively. Psychological variables were assessed via valid self-report. RESULTS: Having 'more' versus 'less' severe abdominal pain (OR??=??9.41; 95% CI 1.17-75.43, P??=??0.03) and 'more' versus 'less' frequent diarrhoea (OR??=??2.19; 95% CI 1.13-4.26, P??=??0.02) along with increasing age (OR??=??1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05, P??=??0.003) were significant independent predictors of having impairment in physical functioning. In terms of psychological factors, having higher levels of depression (OR??=??1.61; 95% CI 1.36-1.91) and somatic distress (OR??=??1.17; 95% CI 1.09-1.27) were independently associated with mental and physical impairment, respectively. CONCLUSION: The current frequency and severity threshold cut-offs for IBS symptoms in the Rome III criteria are associated with a clinically meaningful impairment of quality of life in community subjects with IBS. %Z FOR Codes: 110307 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Stevenson, Janine %A Brodaty, Henry %A Boyce, Philip %A Byth, Karen %T Personality disorder comorbidity and outcome: comparison of three age groups. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2011 %V 45 %N 9 %P 771-9 %@ 1440-1614 %X Personality disorder comorbidity has been extensively studied in young adult populations, to a lesser extent in elderly populations, and not at all in an Australian population. This study examines PD comorbidity over the life span 18-100. Aim: The object of this study was to examine the interactions of comorbid personality disorder and age on outcome of Axis I disorders. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Malhi, Gin S %A Boyce, Philip %T Going Forth in July? Off-label use in Psychiatry. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2011 %V 45 %N 7 %P 507-8 %@ 1440-1614 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110999 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Stevenson, Janine %A Datyner, Amy %A Boyce, Philip %A Brodaty, Henry %T The effect of age on prevalence, type and diagnosis of personality disorder in psychiatric inpatients. %B International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry %D 2011 %V %N %P %@ 1099-1166 %X OBJECTIVE: To examine age-related differences in personality disorder (PD) comorbidity and in their diagnosis in psychiatric inpatients. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-one consenting adults consecutively admitted to inpatient psychiatry units and aged between the age of 18 and 100 were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I and II (SCID-I and -II), after excluding cognitively impaired, non-English speaking, short stay and respite patients. Hospital files were audited for clinical diagnoses, in particular for recorded PDs. Rates of PD prevalence and clinician diagnosis were compared for young (n???=???76), middle-age (n???=???57) and older (n???=???98) patients. RESULTS: Significant personality comorbidity was evident at all ages, but rates were lowest in the older group. PD was present in 73.7% of young, 71.9% of middle-age and 58.8% of older patients. Complex PD was more common in young patients. Only 19.8% of PDs were noted by their clinicians to have PD. CONCLUSION: Comorbid PD is common in psychiatric inpatient groups regardless of age but seldom diagnosed clinically. Copyright ?? 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. %Z FOR Codes: 1103 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Harris, Anthony %A Boyce, Phillip %A Ajjawi, Rola %T Clinical reasoning sessions: back to the patient. %B %D 2011 %V 8 %N 1 %P 13-6 %@ 1743-498X %X Problem-based learning (PBL) was developed as a facilitated small group learning process based around a clinical problem. Originally designed for pre-clinical years of medical education, its application across all years poses a number of difficulties, including the risk of reducing patient contact, providing a learning process that is skewed towards an understanding of pathophysiological processes, which may not be well understood in all areas of medicine, and failing to provide exposure to clinically relevant reasoning skills. %Z FOR Codes: 110399 %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, Philip %A Wilson, Frances %T Bipolar disorder borderline personality disorder or both? %B Medicine Today %D 2011 %C Australia %I Medicine Today Pty. Ltd. %V 12 %N 8 %P 28-36 %@ 1443-430X %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %A Spratt, Christine %A Davies, Mark %A McEvoy, Prue %T Using entrustable professional activities to guide curriculum development in psychiatry training. %B BMC medical education [electronic resource] %D 2011 %V 11 %N 1 %P 96 %@ 1472-6920 %X ABSTRACT: %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Jones, Michael %A Koloski, Natasha %A Boyce, Philip %A Talley, Nicholas J %T Pathways connecting cognitive behavioral therapy and change in bowel symptoms of IBS. %B Journal of psychosomatic research %D 2011 %V 70 %N 3 %P 278-85 %@ 1879-1360 %X A single previous paper on this topic found a direct pathway between cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) global symptom score. This is controversial since under the biopsychosocial model, the expectation is that CBT's effect would be mediated by mood. Using more sensitive bowel symptom scales and measurements at additional time points, we aimed to compare the relative strengths of direct pathways between CBT and change in IBS symptoms and indirect pathways that operate via mood state using structural equation modeling. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, Philip %A Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan %T Risks risky and not so risky %B Acta Neuropsychiatrica %D 2011 %C United States %I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. %V 23 %N %P 43-45 %@ 1601-5215 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip M %A Hackett, L Peter %A Ilett, Kenneth F %T Duloxetine transfer across the placenta during pregnancy and into milk during lactation. %B %D 2011 %V 14 %N 2 %P 169-72 %@ 1435-1102 %X Duloxetine is an efficacious antidepressant; however, its safety during the perinatal period is uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the transfer across the placenta and provide data on infant exposure to duloxetine via breast milk. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %T ANZJP This month. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2011 %V 45 %N 8 %P 603-4 %@ 1440-1614 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %A Harris, Anthony %T Childhood adversity, trauma and abuse: context and consequences. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2011 %V 45 %N 8 %P 608-10 %@ 1440-1614 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Book Section %A Spratt, Christine %A Boyce, Philip %A Davies, Mark %T The Australian and New Zealand Experience %B Workplace-Based Assessments in Psychiatric Training %D 2011 %C United States %I Cambridge University Press %V %N %P 137-150 %@ 9780521131803 %E Bhugra, Dinesh %E Malik, Amit %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %A Barriball, Erin %T Circadian rhythms and depression. %B Australian Family Physician %D 2010 %V 39 %N 5 %P 307-10 %@ 0300-8495 %X BACKGROUND: Depression is a common disorder in primary care. Disruptions to the circadian rhythms associated with depression have received little attention yet offer new and exciting approaches to treatment. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses circadian rhythms and the disruption to them associated with depression, and reviews nonpharmaceutical and pharmaceutical interventions to shift circadian rhythms. DISCUSSION: Features of depression suggestive of a disturbance to circadian rhythms include early morning waking, diurnal mood changes, changes in sleep architecture, changes in timing of the temperature nadir, and peak cortisol levels. Interpersonal social rhythm therapy involves learning to manage interpersonal relationships more effectively and stabilisation of social cues, such as including sleep and wake times, meal times, and timing of social contact. Bright light therapy is used to treat seasonal affective disorders. Agomelatine is an antidepressant that works in a novel way by targeting melatonergic receptors. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 110999 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %A Barriball, Erin %T Puerperal psychosis. %B %D 2010 %V 13 %N 1 %P 45-7 %@ 1435-1102 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Kemp, Andrew H %A Pe Benito, Laarnie %A Quintana, Daniel S %A Clark, C Richard %A McFarlane, Alexander %A Mayur, Prashanth %A Harris, Anthony %A Boyce, Philip %A Williams, Leanne M %T Impact of depression heterogeneity on attention: an auditory oddball event related potential study. %B Journal of Affective Disorders %D 2010 %V 123 %N 1-3 %P 202-7 %@ 1573-2517 %X Major depressive disorder is associated with a reduced ability to attend and concentrate, however, the extent to which attentional impairment is dependent on subtype remains to be clarified. %Z FOR Codes: 110999 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Kemp, Andrew H %A Hopkinson, Patrick J %A Hermens, Daniel F %A Rowe, Donald L %A Sumich, Alexander L %A Clark, C Richard %A Drinkenburg, Wilhelmus %A Abdi, Nadia %A Penrose, Rebecca %A McFarlane, Alexander %A Boyce, Philip %A Gordon, Evian %A Williams, Leanne M %T Fronto-temporal alterations within the first 200 ms during an attentional task distinguish major depression, non-clinical participants with depressed mood and healthy controls: a potential biomarker? %B Human brain mapping %D 2009 %V 30 %N 2 %P 602-14 %@ 1097-0193 %X Attentional impairment in depression is a cardinal feature of depression and has been proposed as a candidate endophenotype for major depressive disorder. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by oddball signal detection tasks provide objective markers of selective stimulus processing, and are pertinent endophenotypic markers for depression. While previous studies have sought to determine objective markers for attentional impairment in depression, evidence is inconsistent and may involve heterogeneity in relatively small samples. Here, we brought together oddball ERP recording with source localization of neural correlates of selective attention in outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 78) and participants with depressed mood (PDM; n = 127) relative to healthy controls (CTL; n = 116). The key finding was a dimensional exaggeration of the P200 (140-270 ms) to both target (signal) and non-target (noise) stimuli, most pronounced in MDD, followed by PDM, relative to CTL. This exaggeration was coupled with slower and more variable response times, suggesting that neural systems are attempting to compensate for a difficulty in discriminating signal from noise. P200 alterations were localised to limbic (hippocampal), temporal and ventral prefrontal regions, key components of the signal detection network. A subsequent reduction and delay in the P300 was also revealed for MDD indicating that the pronounced lack of discrimination in clinical depression may also lead to impaired stimulus evaluation. This P200 increase in depression could provide a potential mechanism for the attentional impairment frequently observed in depression and consequent alterations in the P300 may differentiate clinically significant depression. %Z FOR Codes: 110999 111714 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Lagan, Maureen %A Knights, Kathryn %A Barton, Jodi %A Boyce, Philip M %T Advocacy for mothers with psychiatric illness: a clinical perspective. %B International journal of mental health nursing %D 2009 %V 18 %N 1 %P 53-61 %@ 1445-8330 %X Motherhood is a challenging role and a life-changing experience. For women living with psychiatric illness, the challenge of motherhood is amplified. Psychiatric illness (including schizophrenia, affective and personality disorders) is associated with multiple adversities that can impair the capacity to parent. Social adversity, fluctuating symptoms, and medications and their related side-effects, can create difficulties for the new mother as she adjusts to her role. The risk for relapse among women who are unwell is heightened during the post-partum period. For many other women, the post-partum period is when psychiatric symptoms emerge for the first time. Equally important are the continuing concerns pertaining to infant well-being where maternal psychiatric illness is present. For mothers who exhibit symptoms at this time, a very real threat of protective removal exists. In the mother-infant setting, child protection legislation is biased towards the rights of the child. While there are cases for which this bias is clearly appropriate, there are less clear situations from which the infant is removed with little regard for the mother. Often mothers with psychiatric illness struggle to meet the cognitive, emotional, and financial demands of drawn-out custody proceedings. For these mothers, there is a paucity of appropriate support available, as will be evidenced throughout the present paper. There is an urgent need for professional advocacy to support women who are unwell in their transition to motherhood. The mental health nurse is able to fill a key advocating role in the perinatal psychiatric setting. Nurses in this role hold a unique position whereby social and community supports can be activated, while guidance is imparted from a ground-level standpoint. The nurse in this role has the capacity to liaise with authorities, negotiate service provision, and ensure that key parenting skills are acquired by the mother as she works to secure her role. Through the provision of proactive advocacy during this time, the nurse has the potential to ameliorate the outcomes of mothers who are unable to cope alone and the well-being of their infants. %Z FOR Codes: 111714 220104 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Nguyen, Dang %A Brakoulias, Vlasios %A Boyce, Philip %T An evaluation of monitoring practices in patients on second generation antipsychotics. %B %D 2009 %V 17 %N 4 %P 295-9 %@ 1440-1665 %X OBJECTIVE: Treatment with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) can increase the risk of patients with schizophrenia developing obesity, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes. Routine monitoring is recommended, but clinical practice suggests monitoring is not conducted at a rate necessary for these comorbidities. The aim was to audit what proportion of patients were having their weight, height, girth, body mass index, lipids and blood sugar levels monitored and recorded. METHOD: An audit of patients with schizophrenia, discharged from three psychiatric wards, was conducted. Two data sheets were recorded for every patient and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Data were then entered into SPSS and statistical significance calculated. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 93 patients; SGAs were taken by 31% of admitted and 88% of discharged patients. Of these, 65% had their weight recorded, 61% height, 31% random blood sugar levels, 3% postprandial blood sugar levels, 2% glycosylated haemoglobin, and 7.5% cholesterol and triglycerides. Girth and BMI were not recorded. Abnormalities were detected in 29% of recorded BSL and 2% of recorded cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotics have an alarmingly low rate of monitoring of these common adverse effects and comorbidities. Clinicians need to be aware of this, so that they can improve their practice. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 111502 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Phillip %A Burnett, Peter %A Crawshaw, John %A Cutbush, Jimsie %A Handrinos, Dennis %A Hay, Phillippa %A Mellsop, Graham %A Newton, Richard %A Whyte, Sally %T An outline of the planned work of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists' Board of Education. %B %D 2008 %V 16 %N 2 %P 74-9 %@ 1440-1665 %X OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to inform College Fellows, trainees and other stakeholders about the structure, principles and functioning of the new Board of Education. CONCLUSION: The educational activities of the College are likely to evolve and to be developed over the next 5 years by a process taking account of the views of key stakeholders. In the short term, there will be no changes to training or examination processes which would disadvantage trainees. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %A Stevenson, Janine %A Boyce, Philip %A Brodaty, Henry %T The relationship between, and treatment of, DSM Axis I and II disorders encountered in combination %B Personality and Mental Health %D 2008 %C United Kingdom %I John Wiley & Sons Ltd. %V 2 %N 4 %P 274-282 %@ 1932-863X %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Isi %A Condon, J. T. %A Corkindale, C. J. %A Boyce, P. %T Assessment of postnatal paternal-infant attachment: development of a questionnaire instrument %B Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology %D 2008 %C United Kingdom %I Routledge %V 26 %N %P 195-210 %@ 0264-6838 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %A Condon, John %A Barton, Jodi %A Corkindale, Carolyn %T First-Time Fathers' Study: psychological distress in expectant fathers during pregnancy. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2007 %V 41 %N 9 %P 718-25 %@ 0004-8674 %X Objective: High levels of distress have previously been reported among expectant fathers, with the level of distress for new fathers falling after the birth and during the first year of their infants' lives. The aim of the present study was to report on the associations with the fathers' initial high levels of distress. Method: The men completed a series of questionnaires on various aspects of their psychological functioning at a baseline assessment when their partners were in the late first trimester of their pregnancy. The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was the key measure of psychological distress for the present study. Men scoring >5 on the GHQ were considered to be cases of distress. The cases and non-cases were contrasted on the baseline psychosocial measures. Results: A total of 312 men completed the questionnaires, of whom 18.6% were designated as cases. GHQ caseness was associated with high levels of symptoms on other measures of psychological distress, higher levels of alcohol consumption, poorer quality of their current intimate relationship, poorer social support, a lower quality of life, high levels of neuroticism and the use of immature ego defences. Multiple regression analysis identified the key variables associated with psychological distress to be high levels of neuroticism, dissatisfaction with social support and an excess number of additional life events. Conclusions: Psychological distress among expectant fathers is associated with a range of psychological variables, particularly poor marital relationship and poor social networks. This is consistent with a general vulnerability model for psychological distress. Fathers who had insufficient information about pregnancy and childbirth were also at risk of being distressed, suggesting that more attention needs to be paid to providing information to men about their partner's pregnancy, childbirth and issues relating to caring for a newborn infant. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Talley, Nicholas %A Kellow, John %A Boyce, Philip %A Tennant, Christopher %A Huskic, Sandy %A Jones, Michael %T Antidepressant therapy (imipramine and citalopram) for irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. %B Digestive Diseases and Sciences %D 2007 %V 53 %N 1 %P 108-15 %@ 0163-2116 %X The efficacy of antidepressants in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is controversial. No trials have directly compared a tricyclic with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Our aim was to determine whether imipramine and citalopram are efficacious in IBS. %Z FOR Codes: 110307 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Isi %A Boyce, P %A Bergman, LR %A Newman, LK %A Stevenson, CS %T Borderline personality disorder, mother-infant interaction and parenting perceptions: preliminary findings %B AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY %D 2007 %C UK, Australia %I Taylor & Francis Ltd. %V 41 %N %P 598-605 %@ 0004-8674 %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Phillip M %A Barton, Jodi %T Maternal mortality and psychiatric morbidity in the perinatal period. %B Medical Journal of Australia %D 2007 %V 187 %N 8 %P 474-6 %@ 0025-729X %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, Philip %A Wilson, Frances %T Diagnosing and managing depression in adults %B Medicine Today %D 2006 %C Australia %I Medicine Today Pty. Ltd. %V 7 %N 1 %P 8-16 %@ 1443-430X %X %Z FOR Codes: 111714 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Bannon, Shelley %A Gonsalvez, Craig J %A Croft, Rodney J %A Boyce, Philip M %T Executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: state or trait deficits? %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2006 %V 40 %N 11-12 %P 1031-8 %@ 0004-8674 %X OBJECTIVE: Despite the neuropsychology literature providing reliable evidence of impaired executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), to date it has not been determined whether these deficits are trait-related (independent of symptomatology) or state-dependent (dependent on symptomatology). The current research examines the executive functions in OCD in a comprehensive manner and, for the first time, assesses the stability of these deficits over the developmental course of the disorder. METHOD: Using a cross-sectional design, Study 1 examined the executive functions (set shifting, inhibition, planning, verbal fluency and working memory) in 60 subjects (20 actively Symptomatic OCD, 20 Remitted OCD and 20 Panic Disorder). Using a longitudinal design, Study 2 reassessed a subsample of OCD subjects (participants in Study 1) once they reached remitted status. RESULTS: Study 1 found that the OCD groups exhibited deficits in set shifting and inhibition relative to Panic Disorder controls; however, no deficits were observed in planning, verbal fluency or working memory. There were no differences found between the Symptomatic and Remitted OCD groups on any of the executive function measures. Study 2 found that the identified executive function deficits in individuals were stable over time and remained unchanged despite symptom remittance. CONCLUSION: Current results confirm the presence of specific executive function deficits in OCD, and indicate that these deficits are trait-like in nature. %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %T Restoring wisdom to the practice of psychiatry. %B %D 2006 %V 14 %N 1 %P 3-7 %@ 1039-8562 %X OBJECTIVE: While psychiatry is an exciting and rewarding discipline of medicine, the practice of psychiatry has become increasingly simplistic. This address seeks to identify some of the influences that underlie this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: The influences include an increased demand for services and pressure on beds, the sway of the pharmaceutical industry with a biological approach being promulgated, excessive managerial constraints with an emphasis on efficiency versus effectiveness, and the acceptance of DSM diagnostic categories of uncertain validity. I argue that we need to rediscover a more wise approach to psychiatric practice. We have to insist upon changes to our training such that trainees are encouraged to get to know their patients and understand them from a biopsychosocial perspective. As a profession, we have to insist on proper care for our patients and work with managers and bureaucrats to ensure that the management of our patients is centred on quality of care and effectiveness over and above efficiency. %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Koloski, Natasha %A Boyce, Philip %A Talley, Nicholas %T Somatization an independent psychosocial risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome but not dyspepsia: a population-based study. %B European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology %D 2006 %V 18 %N 10 %P 1101-1109 %@ 0954-691X %X BACKGROUND: A psychosocial conceptualization for irritable bowel syndrome and unexplained dyspepsia has been proposed, but remains untested. We conducted a comprehensive population-based study to determine what psychiatric and psychosocial factors, if any, are important in irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia. METHODS: Two hundred and seven participants identified from two previous Australian population surveys who also met Rome I criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (n=156) or unexplained dyspepsia (n=51) were included in the study. Consulters (n=103) were those who had had visited their general practitioner for gastrointestinal symptoms at least once in the prior 12 months. Nonconsulters had not sought medical care for gastrointestinal symptoms in the past year. Controls (n=100) did not report having any abdominal pain in a previous population survey. Psychosocial variables were assessed using structured interviews and validated self-report measures. RESULTS: Psychiatric diagnoses, neuroticism, more highly threatening life event stress, an external locus of control and ineffectual coping styles were significantly associated with having a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome and/or dyspepsia. Only somatization (odds ratio=5.28, 95% confidence interval 1.57-17.68), however, was independently associated with irritable bowel syndrome. Psychosocial factors did not discriminate between consulters and nonconsulters. CONCLUSIONS: Somatization is likely play a key role in explaining irritable bowel syndrome but not dyspepsia. %Z FOR Codes: 110307 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, P M %A Talley, N J %A Burke, C %A Koloski, N A %T Epidemiology of the functional gastrointestinal disorders diagnosed according to Rome II criteria: an Australian population-based study. %B Internal Medicine Journal %D 2006 %V 36 %N 1 %P 28-36 %@ 1444-0903 %X BACKGROUND: Population-based studies of the prevalence of all functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) using the Rome II criteria are lacking. It is also not certain whether subjects who meet the Rome II criteria for an FGID are different in terms of demographic and psychological characteristics from those subjects meeting exclusively the more restrictive Rome I criteria. AIM: To determine whether using the more restrictive Rome I criteria would result in a more biologically determined group of FGID than when the Rome II is applied. METHODS: Subjects included individuals aged 18 years and older (n = 1,225) from the Penrith population who were initially surveyed with the Penrith District Health Survey in 1997. Subjects were sent a self-report questionnaire that contained items on gastrointestinal symptoms applying the Rome II criteria. Subjects were also assessed on psychological and personality factors and on physical and mental functioning. RESULTS: A total of 36.1% (n = 275) of respondents was diagnosed with an FGID according to Rome II criteria. The five most prevalent FGID were functional heartburn (10.4%), irritable bowel syndrome (8.9%), functional incontinence (7.6%), proctalgia fugax (6.5%) and functional chest pain (5.1%). Subjects meeting Rome II only criteria for FGID scored significantly higher on measures of psychological caseness and emotionality than Rome I only subjects, and these were independently associated with meeting Rome I only versus Rome II only criteria for FGID. CONCLUSION: The Rome II criteria FGID are common and do not appear to identify a vastly different group of FGID sufferers compared with the earlier Rome I criteria. %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, Philip %T From the president %B Australasian Psychiatry %D 2005 %C Australia %I Blackwells %V 12 %N %P 200-202 %@ 1039-8562 %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %T From the president. %B %D 2005 %V 13 %N 1 %P 88-90 %@ 1039-8562 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Koloski, Natasha A %A Boyce, Philip M %A Talley, Nicholas J %T Is health care seeking for irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia a socially learned response to illness? %B Digestive Diseases and Sciences %D 2005 %V 50 %N 1 %P 153-62 %@ 0163-2116 %X In a population-based study of 207 subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional dyspepsia (FD) and controls (n = 100), we aimed to determine whether dimensions of abnormal illness behavior from the Abnormal Illness Behaviour Questionnaire and aspects of social learning of illness behavior from the Social Learning of Illness Behaviour scale were independent predictors of health care seeking for IBS and FD. Results showed that dimensions of abnormal illness behavior and aspects of social learning of illness behavior (encouragement, reinforcement, and modeling) did not significantly differentiate between consulters and nonconsulters with IBS and/or FD. The Disease Conviction scale (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15-2.09) of the Abnormal Illness Behaviour Questionnaire was an independent predictor of having a diagnosis of IBS and/or FD, independent of age and gender, psychiatric diagnoses, and symptom severity. We conclude that a belief in the presence of serious pathology characterizes community subjects with IBS and FD, but not health care seeking. %Z FOR Codes: 111716 110319 110307 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %A Hickey, Anthea %T Psychosocial risk factors to major depression after childbirth. %B Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology %D 2005 %V 40 %N 8 %P 605-12 %@ 0933-7954 %X BACKGROUND: Risk factors to postnatal depression (PND) have generally been identified in well-defined homogenous samples of primiparous women. There is a need for studies to assess risk factors in a heterogeneous sample of women. AIM: This study is aimed to identify psychosocial risk factors to postnatal depression. METHOD: Subjects underwent a baseline assessment within 2 days of childbirth and completed postal questionnaires at 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks postpartum. Postnatal depression was defined as scoring above 12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale on two occasions and meeting criteria for major depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty-five women with a mean age of 26.9 years participated in the study. Forty-two women were considered to be cases of postnatal depression. A significantly increased risk for postnatal depression was associated with (a) being 16 years old or younger, (b) a past history of psychiatric illness, (c) experiencing one or more life events, (d) marital dissatisfaction, (e) experiencing unsatisfactory social support, (f) a vulnerable personality and (g) having a baby of the nondesired sex. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that psychosocial risk factors, predominantly in the areas of social support and personality style, are closely associated with postnatal depression. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Koloski, Natasha A %A Talley, Nicholas J %A Boyce, Philip M %T A history of abuse in community subjects with irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia: the role of other psychosocial variables. %B Digestion %D 2005 %V 72 %N 2-3 %P 86-96 %@ 0012-2823 %X BACKGROUND/AIMS: Why abuse is associated with irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia remains unclear but other psychosocial factors may be important. We hypothesized that other psychosocial variables may confound the association. METHODS: 207 subjects identified from a previous population survey who also met Rome I criteria for IBS (n=156) or functional dyspepsia (n=51) were included in the study. Controls (n=100) did not report having any abdominal pain in a previous population survey. Sexual, physical, emotional/verbal abuse as a child (or=14 years) was assessed using validated self-report questions. Other psychological variables were assessed via validated self-report. RESULTS: Adulthood abuse was significantly more common in IBS and/or functional dyspepsia (40%) compared with healthy controls (25%). Abuse was not an independent predictor for IBS or functional dyspepsia when psychological and buffering factors were controlled for in the analyses. Having a diagnosis of depression and using a self-controlling coping style were significantly associated with having a history of abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Abuse occurring as an adult was significantly associated with IBS and/or functional dyspepsia, but it was not an important factor when psychosocial factors were controlled for in these disorders. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 111706 110307 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Wilhelm, Kay %A Boyce, Philip %A Brownhill, Suzanne %T The relationship between interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety disorders and major depression. %B Journal of Affective Disorders %D 2004 %V 79 %N 1-3 %P 33-41 %@ 0165-0327 %X BACKGROUND: While interpersonal sensitivity, as rated by the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM) has previously been found to be an efficient predictor of depression, there has been less interest in the relationship between the IPSM and anxiety disorders. This study examines the performance of the IPSM in discriminating between cases and non-cases of the various anxiety disorders. The contribution of depression and the perception of parental environment, to any relationships found, are also examined. METHODS: A cohort of 156 men and women has been assessed at 5-yearly intervals since baseline in 1978, in their last year of teacher training. In this fourth wave of follow-up, subjects completed a series of self-report questionnaires, including the IPSM, and scales measuring neuroticism and trait depression. Perceived parental environment, measured at baseline, was also included. DSM-III-R major depression and anxiety disorders were generated using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The IPSM subscales were moderately stable over time. 'Timidity' was associated with agoraphobia and simple phobia, and 'separation anxiety' with agoraphobia, panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. 'Separation anxiety' and 'timidity' showed differential gender effects for simple phobia. 'Fragile inner self' and 'separation anxiety' were associated with subjects with a history of repeated episodes of major depression, and the former, with perception of poor parental care. LIMITATIONS: The IPSM was not available for inclusion prior to the 1988 wave. CONCLUSIONS: While the IPSM subscales were consistently correlated with neuroticism, they displayed differential associations with specific anxiety disorders, episodes of major depression and early parental environment. These findings offer greater understanding of mechanisms concerning the relationship of vulnerability to anxiety disorders and depression. %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Dennis, C L %A Boyce, P %T Further psychometric testing of a brief personality scale to measure vulnerability to postpartum depression. %B Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology %D 2004 %V 25 %N 3-4 %P 305-11 %@ 0167-482X %X The Vulnerability Personality Style Questionaire (VPSQ), a 9-item self-report personality scale, was developed to identify women at-risk for postpartum depression due to personality vulnerability. Preliminary research with this scale suggests it has satisfactory psychometric properties. The purpose of this methodological study was to further examine the psychometric properties of the VPSQ in a sample of Canadian women. As part of a longitudinal study, women completed postal questionnaires at 1, 4, and 8 weeks postpartum that included the VPSQ, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Rosenburg Self-Esteem Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Five hundred and ninety-four women returned questionnaires suitable for analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the VPSQ was 0.67 and significant correlations between the VPSQ and self-esteem (r = 0.58) and perceived stress (r = 0.55) scales were found, providing evidence for construct validity. In a logistic regression analysis, VPSQ was predictive of developing depressive symptomatology 1, 4 and 8 weeks postpartum; an increase of one point on the VPSQ increased the risk of developing postpartum depression 1.3 fold. The results from this study support the overall utility of the VPSQ. As such, this brief instrument is ready to assist in the identification of women at-risk of developing postpartum depression such that appropriate secondary preventive or treatment interventions may be initiated. %0 Book Section %A Boyce, Philip %A Boyce, Philip %A Condon, John %T Mood disorders in pregnancy and the puerperium %B Mood Disorders: recognition and treatment %D 2004 %C Sydney %I University of New South Wales press %V %N %P 393-409 %@ 0 86840 447 0 %E Joyce, Peter %E Mitchell, Philip %X %0 Book Section %A Boyce, Philip %A Boyce, Philip %A Condon, John %T Mood disorders in pregnancy and the puerperium %B Mood Disorders: recognition and treatment %D 2004 %C Sydney %I University of New South Wales press %V %N %P 393-409 %@ 0 86840 447 0 %E Joyce, Peter %E Mitchell, Philip %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Condon, John T %A Boyce, Philip %A Corkindale, Carolyn J %T The First-Time Fathers Study: a prospective study of the mental health and wellbeing of men during the transition to parenthood. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2004 %V 38 %N 1-2 %P 56-64 %@ 0004-8674 %X OBJECTIVE: In comparison to its female counterpart, the transition of men to parenthood has been relatively neglected in previous research. The present paper argues that men may have gender-specific risk factors for perinatal psychological distress and may manifest distress in ways different from women. The prime objective of this research was to document changes in psychological, relationship and lifestyle parameters in a cohort of first time fathers from pregnancy to the end of the first postnatal year. The present paper reports on these changes. METHOD: Three hundred and twelve men were assessed at 23 weeks of pregnancy and followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months postnatally, using a battery of self-report questionnaires covering psychological symptom levels, lifestyle variables and relationship/sexual functioning. Two hundred and four men completed all four assessments. RESULTS: The men exhibited highest symptom levels in pregnancy with general, through small, improvement at 3 months and little change thereafter. Lifestyle variables showed small changes over the first postnatal year. Sexual functioning appeared to deteriorate markedly from pre-pregnancy levels with only minimal recovery by the end of the first year. The results highlight that the majority of men anticipated return of sexual activity to pre-pregnancy levels; however, this failed to eventuate. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy, rather than the postnatal period, would appear to be the most stressful period for men undergoing the transition to parenthood. The results suggest that the most important changes occur relatively early in pregnancy. Thereafter, lack of change (rather than change) is the most noteworthy feature. These men appeared to be ill-prepared for the impact of parenthood on their lives, especially in terms of the sexual relationship. Further research to determine the timing and trigger of stress in pregnancy is recommended. %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Ellis, P %A Penrose-Wall, J %T Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines for specialist adult mental health care: an introduction %B Australian Psychiatry %D 2003 %C %I %V 11(1) %N %P 21-25 %@ %X %0 Journal Article %A Koloski, NA %A Talley, NJ %A Boyce, PM %T Does Psychological distress modulate functional gastrointestinal synptoms and health care seeking? A prospective, community cohort study %B American Journal Of Gastroenterology %D 2003 %C 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, USA, NY, 10010-171 %I Elsevier Science Inc %V 98 (4) %N %P 789-797 %@ 0002-9270 %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, P M %T Risk factors for postnatal depression: a review and risk factors in Australian populations. %B %D 2003 %V 6 Suppl 2 %N %P S43-50 %@ 1434-1816 %X Postnatal depression affects up to 15% of women in the six months following childbirth. Risk factors for this disorder are predominantly psychosocial. An overview of sociodemographic, early life experiences, external environment, internal environment and obstetric and infant variables are presented in the introduction. Two studies that recruited women shortly after they had given birth and followed up to six months postpartum are used to demonstrate the salience of such risk factors. The importance of clarifying risk factors to postnatal depression are discussed especially in relation to improving our understanding of the mechanisms of postnatal depression, how they may assist in developing preventative strategies and how they can help in planning treatment. %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %A Hay, P %A Mulder, R %A Boyce, PM %T The scientific practitioner in psychiatry for the 21st century %B Australasian Psychiatry %D 2003 %C Australia %I Blackwell Science %V 11(4) %N %P 442-445 %@ 1039-8562 %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %A Ellis, Pete %A Penrose-Wall, Jonine %A , RANZCP %T Introduction to the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines series. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2003 %V 37 %N 6 %P 637-40 %@ 0004-8674 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Koloski, N A %A Talley, N J %A Huskic, S S %A Boyce, P M %T Predictors of conventional and alternative health care seeking for irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. %B Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics %D 2003 %V 17 %N 6 %P 841-51 %@ 0269-2813 %X BACKGROUND: The drivers of conventional and, especially, alternative health care use for irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are not clear. AIM: To determine the predictors of conventional and alternative health care use for irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. METHODS: Two hundred and seven subjects with irritable bowel syndrome or functional dyspepsia, identified from a previous population survey, were included in the study. Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome/functional dyspepsia were defined as consulters (n = 103) if they had visited their doctor for gastrointestinal symptoms more than once in the past year. Controls (n = 100) did not report having any abdominal pain. Subjects were given structured interviews to assess the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - version IV (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Disorders - version 10 (ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis for anxiety, depression, somatization or any psychiatric diagnosis, aspects of health care use and symptom factors. RESULTS: About one-half (n = 103, 49.8%) of community subjects with irritable bowel syndrome/functional dyspepsia had sought conventional care for gastrointestinal symptoms in the past 12 months. Lifetime rates for alternative health care use for gastrointestinal symptoms were 20.8% (n = 43). Independent predictors of conventional health care use were more frequent abdominal pain, greater interference of gastrointestinal symptoms with work and activities and a greater satisfaction with the physician-patient relationship. Being female independently predicted alternative health care use. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological morbidity did not predict conventional or alternative health care use for gastrointestinal symptoms. Other factors were more important. %Z FOR Codes: 111799 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Koloski, Natasha A %A Talley, Nicholas J %A Boyce, Philip M %T Does psychological distress modulate functional gastrointestinal symptoms and health care seeking? A prospective, community Cohort study. %B American Journal of Gastroenterology %D 2003 %V 98 %N 4 %P 789-97 %@ 0002-9270 %X OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the natural history of functional GI symptoms, including what factors influence GI symptom patterns and health care seeking for them over the long term. We aimed to determine whether psychological factors play a role in the development and long-term course of these symptoms. METHODS: A random sample of community subjects (n = 361) who reported having unexplained abdominal pain for > or =1 month in a previous population survey were included in the study. Controls (n = 120) were defined as not having abdominal pain for > or =1 month from this initial survey. Subjects were prospectively followed up via a questionnaire every 4 months over a 12-month period. The questionnaire asked about the presence of GI symptoms over the past week and psychological distress over the past 3 wk (psychological caseness being defined as a score of > or=2 of 12 on the General Health Questionnaire). The number of visits made to a physician or medical specialist over the past 4 months was evaluated. RESULTS: GI symptoms were common among community controls and subjects with abdominal pain. Similar onset and disappearance rates were observed for the majority of GI symptom categories, accounting for the stability of the prevalence rates over a 1-yr period. Changes in a state measure of psychological distress were not significantly associated with changes in GI symptom status between the 4- and 8-month (r = 0.14, p = 0.08) and 8- and 12-month (r = 0.02, p = 0.77) follow-ups. Baseline psychological distress, however, was an independent predictor of having persistent GI symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation, and frequently seeking health care for GI symptoms over 1 yr. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress levels do not seem to be important in explaining GI symptom change over a 1-yr period. Psychological distress, however, is linked to having persistent GI symptoms and frequently seeking health care for them over time. Clinicians should consider psychological factors in the treatment of this subset of irritable bowel syndrome patients. %Z FOR Codes: 111799 %0 Journal Article %A Glangeaud-Freudenthal, NM-C %A Boyce, PM %T Postpartum depression: risk factors and treatments - Introduction %B Archives of Women's Mental Health %D 2003 %C Vienna %I Springer-Verlag Wien %V 6(S2) %N %P S31-S32 %@ 1434-1816 %X %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Carter, G %A Penrose-Wall, J %A Wilhelm, K %A Goldney, R %T Summary of Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidleline for the management of adult deliberate self-harm (2003) %B Australasian Psychiatry %D 2003 %C Asai %I Blackwell Publishing Asia %V 11 (2) %N %P 150-155 %@ 1039-8562 %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip M %A Talley, Nicholas J %A Balaam, Belinda %A Koloski, Natasha A %A Truman, George %T A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation training, and routine clinical care for the irritable bowel syndrome. %B American Journal of Gastroenterology %D 2003 %V 98 %N 10 %P 2209-18 %@ 0002-9270 %X OBJECTIVES: Psychological treatments are considered to be useful in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although the evidence is based on small, often flawed trials. Although cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and relaxation therapy have both been promising, we hypothesized that CBT would be superior to relaxation and standard care alone in IBS patients. The objective of this study was to test this assumption by comparing the effects of cognitive behavior therapy with relaxation therapy and routine clinical care alone in individuals with IBS. METHODS: Patients (n = 105) with Rome I criteria for IBS were recruited from advertisement (n = 51) and outpatient clinics (n = 54); those patients with resistant IBS were not included. A randomized controlled trial with three arms (standard care for all groups plus either CBT or relaxation) for 8 wk was conducted, which applied blinded outcome assessments using validated measures with 1 yr of follow-up. The primary outcome for this study was bowel symptom severity. RESULTS: Of 105 patients at the commencement of treatment, the mean bowel symptom frequency score for the whole sample was 21.1 and at the end of treatment had fallen to 18.1; this persisted at the 52-wk follow-up, with a significant linear trend for scores to change over time (F = 39.57 p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences among the three treatment conditions. Significant changes over time were found for physical functioning (F = 4.37, p < 0.001), pain (F = 3.12, p < 0.05), general health (F = 2.71, p < 0.05), vitality (F = 2.94, p < 0.05), and the social functioning scales on the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (F = 4.08, p < 0.05); however, all three arms showed similar improvement. There were significant reductions in anxiety, depression, and locus of control scales, but no significant differences among the treatment groups were detected. CONCLUSION: Cognitive behavior and relaxation therapy seem not to be superior to standard care alone in IBS. %Z FOR Codes: 111799 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Malhi, G S %A Parker, G B %A Parker, K %A Carr, V J %A Kirkby, K C %A Yellowlees, P %A Boyce, P %A Tonge, B %T Attitudes toward psychiatry among students entering medical school. %B Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica %D 2003 %V 107 %N 6 %P 424-9 %@ 0001-690X %X OBJECTIVE: To survey the attitudes of Australian medical students to determine their views about the relative attractiveness of psychiatry as a career compared with other specialties, and against findings from a North American study. METHOD: We surveyed 655 first-year medical students attending six Australian Universities. RESULTS: Responses indicated that Australian medical students view psychiatry as distinctly less 'attractive' than other career options, as reported in the North American sample. In comparison with other disciplines, psychiatry was regarded as more interesting and intellectually challenging, but also as lacking a scientific foundation, not being enjoyable and failing to draw on training experiences. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that psychiatry has an image problem that is widespread, reflecting community perceptions and the specialist interests of medical students on recruitment. If psychiatry is to improve its 'attractiveness' as a career option, identified image problems need to be corrected and medical student selection processes re-considered. %Z FOR Codes: 111799 %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Talley, NJ %A Balaam, BJ %A Koloski, NA %A Truman, G %T A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation training, and routine clinical care for the irriable bowel syndrome %B American Journal Of Gastroenterology %D 2003 %C 360 Park Ave South, New York, Usa, Ny, 10010-171 %I Elsevier Science Inc %V 989100 %N %P 2209-2218 %@ 0002-9270 %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %T Gradual reduction of benzodiazepines, with or without cognitive behavioural therapy, increases successful withdrawal rates compared with no support in long-term users. %B Evidence-based mental health %D 2003 %V 6 %N 4 %P 119 %@ 1362-0347 %X %Z FOR Codes: 110319 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Koloski, Natasha A %A Talley, Nicholas J %A Boyce, Philip M %T Epidemiology and health care seeking in the functional GI disorders: a population-based study. %B American Journal of Gastroenterology %D 2002 %V 97 %N 9 %P 2290-9 %@ 0002-9270 %X OBJECTIVES: Functional GI disorders (FGIDs) are common in clinical practice, but little is known about the epidemiology of these disorders in the general population. We aimed to determine the prevalence, association with psychological morbidity, and health care seeking behavior of FGIDs in the population. METHODS: A random sample of subjects (n = 4500) aged > or = 18 yr and representative of the Australian population were mailed a validated questionnaire. For these subjects we measured all Rome I GI symptoms and physician visits over the past 12 months, as well as neuroticism, anxiety, depression, and somatic distress. RESULTS: The response rate for the study was 72%. The prevalence of any FGID was 34.6%, and 62.1% of these subjects had consulted a physician. There was considerable overlap of the FGIDs (19.2% had more than two disorders). Independent predictors for an FGID diagnosis were neuroticism, somatic distress, anxiety, bowel habit disturbance, abdominal pain frequency, and increasing age. However, psychological morbidity did not independently discriminate between consulters and nonconsulters with an FGID. CONCLUSIONS: More than one third of the general population have one or more FGIDs. There seems to be a modest link between psychological morbidity and FGIDs, although other unknown factors seem to be more important in explaining health care seeking for these disorders. %Z FOR Codes: 111799 %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Malhi, Gin S %A Parker, Gordon B %A Parker, Kay %A Kirkby, Kenneth C %A Boyce, Philip %A Yellowlees, Peter %A Hornabrook, Charles %A Jones, Ken %T Shrinking away from psychiatry? A survey of Australian medical students' interest in psychiatry. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2002 %V 36 %N 3 %P 416-23 %@ 0004-8674 %X OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the attitudes of newly recruited medical students towards psychiatry and other specialties to determine what factors influence their career choice options. METHOD: We surveyed the attitudes of 655 medical students using a 31-item self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: Australian medical students rated the ability to help patients as the most important aspect of a specialty in determining their choice. Attraction to psychiatry was based on the specialty being interesting and intellectually challenging,and providing a career that promised job satisfaction with good prospects and enjoyable work. Females expressed a greater interest in psychiatry and were more likely to consider pursuing it as a career, principally due to a greater interest in the subject matter and a stronger desire for interaction with patients. The least attractive aspects of psychiatry were its lack of prestige among the medical community and a perceived absence of a scientific foundation. CONCLUSION: The attitudes of medical students can perhaps be modified and recruitment into psychiatry enhanced by presenting the reality of psychiatry today - namely the wide range of available therapeutic processes, the predominantly positive outcomes, the interesting and intellectually challenging nature of the subject and its nurturing and accommodating work environment. %Z FOR Codes: 111799 %0 Journal Article %A Bannon, S %A Gonsalvez, CJ %A Croft, RJ %A Boyce, PM %T Response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder %B Psychiatry Research %D 2002 %C Customer Relations Manager,Bay 15, Shannon Industrialestate Coclare, Ireland %I Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd %V 110 %N %P 165-174 %@ 0165-1781 %X %0 Journal Article %A Buist, AE %A Barnett, BEW %A Milgrom, J %A Pope, S %A Condon, JT %A Ellwood, DA %A Boyce, PM %A Austin, MPV %A Hayes, BA %T To screen or not to screen - that is the question in perinatal depression %B Medical Journal Of Australia %D 2002 %C Level 1, 76 Berry St, Sydney, Australia, 2060 %I Australasian Med Publ Co Ltd %V 177 %N %P S101-S105 %@ 0025-729X %X %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Condon, JT %A Ellwood, DA %T Pregnancy loss: a major life event affecting emotional health and well-being %B Medical Journal Of Australia %D 2002 %C Level 1, 76 Berry St, Sydney, Australia, 2060 %I Australasian Med Publ Co Ltd %V 177 %N %P 250-251 %@ 0025-729X %X %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Harris, M %A Penrose-Wall, J %T From good foundations: the role of treatment guidelines for psychiatrists - an overview of the RANZCP CPG Project %B Australasian Psychiatry %D 2001 %C 4350 East West Highway, Suite 500, Bethesda, Md, 20814-4110 %I Endocrine Soc %V 142 %N %P 2213-2220 %@ 0013-7227 %X %0 Journal Article %A Koloski, NA %A Talley, NJ %A Boyce, PM %A Morris-Yates, AD %T The effects of questionnaire length and lottery ticket inducement on the response rate in mail surveys %B Psychology & Health %D 2001 %C Van Godewijckstraat 30, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 3311 Gz %I Kluwer Academic Publ %V 12 %N %P 947-952 %@ 0923-7534 %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Johnstone, S J %A Boyce, P M %A Hickey, A R %A Morris-Yatees, A D %A Harris, M G %T Obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in urban and rural community samples. %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2001 %V 35 %N 1 %P 69-74 %@ 0004-8674 %X OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine obstetric risk factors for postnatal depression in an urban and rural community sample, with concurrent consideration of personality, psychiatric history and recent life events. METHODS: This was a prospective study with women planning to give birth in one of the four participating hospitals recruited antenatally. Obstetric information was obtained from the New South Wales Midwives Data Collection, completed shortly after delivery. Personality, psychiatric history and life-events information were obtained from a questionnaire, administered within 1 week postpartum. Depression status was assessed at 8 weeks postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. RESULTS: Complete data were obtained from 490 women. Several non-obstetric risk factors for the development of postnatal depression at 8 weeks postpartum were reported including: sociodemographic (up to technical college level education, rented housing, receiving a pension/benefit), personality (those who described themselves as either nervy, shy/selfconscious, obsessional, angry or a worrier), psychiatric history (familial history of mental illness, personal history of depression or anxiety or a history of depression in the participant's mother) and recent life-events (major health problem, arguments with partner and friends/relatives). None of the obstetric variables were significantly associated with increased risk for postnatal depression, but several showed marginally significant increases (multiparous women, antepartum haemorrhage, forceps and caesarean section deliveries). CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize the importance of psychosocial risk factors for postnatal depression and suggest that most obstetric factors during pregnancy and birth do not significantly increase risk for this depression. Early identification of potential risk for postnatal depression should include assessment of sociodemography, personality, psychiatric history and recent life events, as well as past and present obstetric factors. %Z FOR Codes: 111402 %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Hickey, AR %T The development of a brief personality scale to measure vulnerability to postnatal depression %B Archives of Women's Mental Health %D 2001 %C 54 University St,P O Box 378, Carlton, Australia, 3053 %I Blackwell Science Asia %V 31 %N %P 462-469 %@ 1444-0903 %X %0 Book Section %A Boyce, PM %A Condon, J %T Providing good clinical care means listening to women's concerns %B British Medical Journal %D 2001 %C Totowa, New Jersey %I Humana Press %V %N %P 53-66 %@ 0-89603-759-2 %X %0 Journal Article %~ Pubmed %A Boyce, Philip %T Psychologic Therapies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. %B Current treatment options in gastroenterology %D 2001 %V 4 %N 4 %P 323-331 %@ 1092-8472 %X The treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a difficult task, as the results from therapy with pharmacologic agents have been disappointing. Psychologic treatments, in particular cognitive behavior therapy, hypnotherapy, and dynamic psychotherapy have all shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with IBS. Underpinning all these treatments is a clear understanding of a biopsychosocial model of interaction between emotion and gut function in IBS. These psychologic therapies are intended to break the negative feedback loop between emotion and gut function in order to reduce symptoms. Attention to the psychologic issues underlying IBS helps reduce psychosocial factors that maintain the presence of symptoms and inappropriate health-care seeking behavior. There are a number of common elements in the psychologic approaches that can be used in routine clinical practice; these include a detailed assessment, psychoeducation, support, and reassurance. %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Burke, C %A Talley, NJ %T Epidemiology of the functional gastrointestinal disorders diagnosed according to Rome II Criteria: an Australian population-based study %B Gut %D 2001 %C 1752 N St Nw, Washington, Dc, 20036-2904 %I Amer Soc Microbiology %V 69 %N %P 4174-4176 %@ 0019-9567 %X %0 Journal Article %A Gillespie, NA %A Johnstone, SJ %A Boyce, PM %A Heath, AC %A Martin, NG %T The genetic and environmental relationship between the interpersonal sensitivity measure (IPSM) and the personality dimensions of Eysenck and Cloninger %B Personality and Individual Differences %D 2001 %C %I %V 8 %N %P 387-390 %@ %X %0 Journal Article %A Clarke, D %A Smith, G %A Boyce, PM %T The Mind Talking Through the Body %B Foundations of Clinical Psychiatry %D 2001 %C British Med Assoc House,Tavistock Square, London, England, Wc1H 9Jr %I British Med Journal Publ Group %V 48 %N %P 148-149 %@ 0017-5749 %X %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Oakley-Browne, MA %A Hatcher, S %T The problem of deliberate self-harm %B Current Opinion In Psychiatry %D 2001 %C 54 University St,P O Box 378, Carlton, Australia, 3053 %I Blackwell Science Asia %V 31 %N %P 462-469 %@ 1444-0903 %X %0 Book Section %A Boyce, PM %A Condon, J %T Traumatic childbirth and the role of debriefing %B Psychological debriefing. Theory, practice and evidence %D 2000 %C %I Cambridge University Press %V %N %P 272-280 %@ 0 521 64700 2 %X %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Koloski, NA %A Talley, NJ %T Irritable bowel syndrome according to varying disgnostic criteria: Are the new Rome II criteria unnecessarily restrictive for research and practice? %B The American Journal of Gastroenterology %D 2000 %C %I Elsevier Science %V 95 %N %P 3176-3183 %@ 0002-9270 %X %0 Journal Article %A Parker, G %A Roy, K %A Menkes, DB %A Snowdon, JA %A Boyce, PM %A Grounds, D %A Hughson, B %A Stringer, C %T How long does it take for antidepressant therapies to act? %B Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry %D 2000 %C %I Blackwell Science Asia %V 34 %N %P 65-70 %@ 0004-8674 %X %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Johnstone, SJ %A Hickey, AR %A Morris-Yates, AD %A Harris, MG %A Strachan, T %T Functioning and well-being at 24 weeks postpartum of women with postnatal depression %B Archives of Women's Mental Health %D 2000 %C %I Springer-Verlag Wien %V 3 %N %P 91-97 %@ 1434-1816 %X %0 Journal Article %A Wilhelm, K %A Brownhill, S %A Boyce, PM %T Marital and family functioning: different measures and viewpoints %B Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology %D 2000 %C %I Dr. Dietrich Steinkopf Verlag %V 35 %N %P 358-365 %@ 0933-7954 %X %0 Journal Article %A Koloski, NA %A Talley, NJ %A Boyce, PM %T The impact of gastrointestinal disorders on quality of life %B The American Journal of Gastroenterology %D 2000 %C %I Elsevier Science BV %V 95 %N %P 67-71 %@ 0002-9270 %X %0 Journal Article %A Boyce, PM %A Koloski, NA %A Talley, NJ %T Irritable bowel syndrome according to varying diagnostic criteria: are the new Rome II criteria unnecessarily restrictive for research and practice? %B The American Journal of Gastroenterology %D 2000 %C %I Elsevier Science Inc %V 95 %N %P 3176-3183 %@ 0002-9270 %X