%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Jairam, Rajeev
%T Acute treatment of mania in children and adolescents.
%B Current Opinion in Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 25
%N 4
%P 264-270
%@ 1473-6578
%X To examine critically data concerning the efficacy and safety of acute treatments for mania in children and adolescents, in the light of considerable recent emergent evidence.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Swannell, Sarah
%A Martin, Graham
%A Page, Andrew
%A Hasking, Penelope
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Taylor, Anne
%A Protani, Melinda
%T Child maltreatment, subsequent non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating roles of dissociation, alexithymia and self-blame.
%B Child Abuse & Neglect
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I Pergamon
%V 36
%N 7-8
%P 572-584
%@ 1873-7757
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A van Wyk, Gregory W
%A Hazell, Philip L
%A Kohn, Michael R
%A Granger, Renee E
%A Walton, Richard J
%T How oppositionality, inattention, and hyperactivity affect response to atomoxetine versus methylphenidate: a pooled meta-analysis.
%B Journal of Attention Disorders
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Sage Publications, Inc.
%V 16
%N 4
%P 314-324
%@ 1557-1246
%X To assess how threshold oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), inattention, and hyperactivity-impulsivity affect the response to atomoxetine versus methylphenidate.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Williams, Richard
%T Sport is good, war is bad: discuss.
%B Current Opinion in Psychiatry
%D 2012
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 25
%N 4
%P 261-263
%@ 1473-6578
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Steinbeck, Katharine
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Cumming, Robert G
%A Skinner, S Rachel
%A Ivers, Rebecca
%A Booy, Robert
%A Fulcher, Greg
%A Handelsman, David J
%A Martin, Andrew J
%A Morgan, Geoff
%A Starling, Jean
%A Bauman, Adrian
%A Rawsthorne, Margot L
%A Bennett, David L
%A Chow, Chin Moi
%A Lam, Mary K
%A Kelly, Patrick
%A Brown, Ngiare J
%A Paxton, Karen
%A Hawke, Catherine
%T The study design and methodology for the ARCHER study - adolescent rural cohort study of hormones, health, education, environments and relationships.
%B BMC Pediatrics
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 12
%N 1
%P 143
%@ 1471-2431
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403 111706


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hurwitz, Romy
%A Blackmore, Roger
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Williams, Katrina
%A Woolfenden, Susan
%T Tricyclic antidepressants for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children and adolescents.
%B Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
%D 2012
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
%V 3
%N 
%P CD008372
%@ 1469-493X
%X Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, ranging in severity and characterised by early onset of delay and deviance in the development of social interaction, and verbal and nonverbal communication. ASD is associated with restricted and/or stereotyped interests or behaviours. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) block noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake, increasing the availability of these neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Via their impact on serotonin, TCAs have been used in the treatment of autistic symptoms and comorbidities in individuals with ASD.????
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Efron, Daryl
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Anderson, Vicki
%T Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in 2010.
%B Journal of paediatrics and child health
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom, Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 47
%N 10
%P 682-9
%@ 1034-4810
%X Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now the most frequent diagnosis in children seen by Australian general paediatricians. It is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder and is usually accompanied by one or more co-morbid developmental and/or mental health conditions. In addition to daily symptoms, which often impair quality of life, ADHD can compromise educational and social development for the individual, and impact on families, schools and the broader community. Draft revised National Health and Medical Research Council Guidelines on ADHD were published in November 2009. This comprehensive document discusses the evidence in relation to many aspects of ADHD, which inform the large number of practice recommendations. Although there is an enormous literature on the causes, neurobiology and management of ADHD, there is still much to be learned particularly in relation to early intervention, behavioural therapies and factors influencing long-term outcomes.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Williams, Richard
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Austerity, poverty, resilience, and the future of mental health services for children and adolescents.
%B Current opinion in psychiatry
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 24
%N 4
%P 263-6
%@ 1473-6578
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip L
%A Kohn, Michael R
%A Dickson, Ruth
%A Walton, Richard J
%A Granger, Renee E
%A van Wyk, Gregory W
%T Core ADHD Symptom Improvement With Atomoxetine Versus Methylphenidate: A Direct Comparison Meta-Analysis.
%B Journal of attention disorders
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Sage Publications, Inc.
%V 15
%N 8
%P 674-83
%@ 1557-1246
%X Previous studies comparing atomoxetine and methylphenidate to treat ADHD symptoms have been equivocal. This noninferiority meta-analysis compared core ADHD symptom response between atomoxetine and methylphenidate in children and adolescents.
%Z FOR Codes: 111502


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Depression in children and adolescents.
%B Clinical Evidence
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Group
%V 2011
%N Oct
%P pii: 1008
%@ 1752-8526
%X Depression may affect 2% to 8% of children and adolescents, with a peak incidence around puberty. It may be self-limiting, but about 40% of affected children experience a recurrent attack, one third of affected children will make a suicide attempt, and 3% to 4% will die from suicide. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of pharmacological, psychological, combination, and complementary treatments for depression in children and adolescents? What are the effects of treatments for refractory depression in children and adolescents? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2011 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Taylor, Anne W
%A Martin, Graham
%A Dal Grande, Eleonora
%A Swannell, Sarah
%A Fullerton, Simon
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Harrison, James E
%T Methodological issues associated with collecting sensitive information over the telephone--experience from an Australian non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) prevalence study.
%B BMC Medical Research Methodology
%D 2011
%C United Kingdom
%I BioMed Central Ltd.
%V 11
%N 
%P 20
%@ 1471-2288
%X Collecting population data on sensitive issues such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is problematic. Case note audits or hospital/clinic based presentations only record severe cases and do not distinguish between suicidal and non-suicidal intent. Community surveys have largely been limited to school and university students, resulting in little much needed population-based data on NSSI. Collecting these data via a large scale population survey presents challenges to survey methodologists. This paper addresses the methodological issues associated with collecting this type of data via CATI.
%Z FOR Codes: 220106


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%T The challenges to demonstrating long-term effects of psychostimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
%B Current opinion in psychiatry
%D 2011
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 24
%N 4
%P 286-90
%@ 1473-6578
%X Questions about the long-term effects of psychostimulant medication are frequently raised in the public domain. There is a need to articulate the methodological challenges to addressing this question, both to assist in the interpretation of existing research and to inform future research.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Pharmacological managment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents: an update
%B SII Csalud
%D 2010
%C Argentina
%I Sociedad Iberoamericana de Informacion Cientifica
%V 1
%N 
%P 0
%@ 1667-9008
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111502


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder.
%B Australasian Psychiatry
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom, Aust
%I Informa Healthcare
%V 18
%N 6
%P 556-559
%@ 1440-1665
%X Objective: The aim of this paper was to conduct a practitioner review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-occurring with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) encompassing aetiological factors, associated factors, assessment, treatment and prognosis. Conclusions: ADHD and ODD have both shared and unique genetic influences. Persistence of ADHD and ODD in adolescence is linked with an increased risk of delinquent behaviour, substance dependence, anxiety, depression, and possibly bipolar disorder. The diagnostic work up for ADHD must include screening for ODD, which may be achieved through targeted questioning or the use of standard symptom checklists. Treatment requires management of the core symptoms of ADHD plus, in many cases, augmentation with other treatment to address the ODD. Mild cases may respond to behaviour management alone, or monotherapy with stimulant medication or atomoxetine. Moderate to severe cases usually require a combination of pharmacotherapy, which may include clonidine, and behaviour management. Severe or refractory cases may require the introduction of an atypical antipsychotic such as risperidone.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Williams, Katrina
%A Wheeler, Danielle M
%A Silove, Natalie
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
%B Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
%D 2010
%C United Kingdom
%I John Wiley & Sons Ltd
%V 8
%N 
%P CD004677
%@ 1469-493X
%X BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterised by abnormalities in social interaction and communication skills, as well as stereotypic behaviours and restricted activities and interests. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for the treatment of co-morbidity associated with ASD such as depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behaviours. OBJECTIVES: To determine if treatment with an SSRI: 1. improves the core features of autism (social interaction, communication and behavioural problems); 2. improves other non-core aspects of behaviour or function such as self-injurious behaviour; 3. improves the quality of life of children and their carers; 4. has short and long term effects on outcome; 5. causes harms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2009, Issue 4), MEDLINE ( December 2009), EMBASE (December 2009), CINAHL (December 2009), PsycINFO (December 2009) and ERIC (December 2009), without language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any dose of oral SSRI compared with placebo, in participants with autism spectrum disorders. Trials must have included at least one standardised outcome measure. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently selected and appraised studies for inclusion and risk of bias. All data were continuous. Meta-analysis, where possible, used a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Seven RCTs with a total of 271 participants were included. Four SSRIs were evaluated: fluoxetine (two studies), fluvoxamine (two studies), fenfluramine (two studies) and citalopram (one study). Five studies included only children and two studies included only adults. Varying inclusion criteria were used with regard to diagnostic criteria and intelligence of participants. Seventeen different outcome measures were reported. Although more than one study reported data for Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and obsessive-compulsive behaviour (OCB), different tool types or components of these outcomes were used in each study. As such, data were unsuitable for meta-analysis. One large, high quality study in children showed no evidence of positive effect of citalopram. Two small studies in adults showed positive outcomes for CGI and OCB; one study showed improvements in aggression and another in anxiety. AUTHORS'' CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of effect of SSRIs in children and emerging evidence of harm. There is limited evidence of the effectiveness of SSRIs in adults from small studies in which risk of bias is unclear.
%Z FOR Codes: 807


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Williams, Katrina
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for autism spectrum disorders.
%B Journal of Evidence-based Medicine
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 3
%N 4
%P 231
%@ 1756-5391
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 111403


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Martin, Graham
%A Swannell, Sarah V
%A Hazell, Philip L
%A Harrison, James E
%A Taylor, Anne W
%T Self-injury in Australia: a community survey.
%B Medical Journal of Australia
%D 2010
%C Australia
%I Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.
%V 193
%N 9
%P 506-510
%@ 0025-729X
%X To understand self-injury and its correlates in the Australian population.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Williams, Richard
%T Should clinicians engaged in delivering evidence-based child and adolescent mental healthcare be excited about findings from empirical research?
%B Current opinion in psychiatry
%D 2010
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 23
%N 4
%P 299-303
%@ 1473-6578
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip L
%T 8-year follow-up of the MTA sample.
%B Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Elsevier BV
%V 48
%N 5
%P 461-2
%@ 1527-5418
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111403


%0 Book Section
%A Rey, Joseph
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Depression in Children and Adolescents
%B Treating Child and Adolescent Depression
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 
%N 
%P 3-16
%@ 9780781795692
%E Birmaher, Boris
%E Rey, Joseph
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Depression in children and adolescents.
%B Clinical Evidence (Online)
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Unit
%I BMJ Group
%V 1
%N 0
%P 1008
%@ 1752-8526
%X INTRODUCTION: Depression may affect 2-8% of children and adolescents, with a peak incidence around puberty. It may be self-limiting, but about 40% of affected children experience a recurrent attack, a third of affected children will make a suicide attempt, and 3-4% will die from suicide. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of pharmacological, psychological, combination, and complementary treatments for depression in children and adolescents? What are the effects of treatments for refractory depression in children and adolescents? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to April 2008 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 18 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: citalopram, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (individual or group, to prevent relapse), escitalopram, electroconvulsive therapy, family therapy, fluoxetine (alone or with cognitive therapy or CBT), fluvoxamine, group therapeutic support (other than CBT), guided self-help, individual psychodynamic psychotherapy, interpersonal therapy, lithium, mirtazapine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, paroxetine, sertraline (alone or with CBT), St John''s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), tricyclic antidepressants, and venlafaxine.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip L
%A Martin, Graham
%A McGill, Katherine
%A Kay, Tracey
%A Wood, Alison
%A Trainor, Gemma
%A Harrington, Richard
%T Group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents: failure of replication of a randomized trial.
%B Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C Netherlands, United
%I Elsevier BV
%V 48
%N 6
%P 662-670
%@ 1527-5418
%X OBJECTIVE: To replicate a study, which found group therapy superior to routine care in preventing the recurrence of self-harming behavior in adolescents who had deliberately harmed themselves on at least two occasions. METHOD: Single blind study with parallel randomized groups undertaken in three sites in Australia. The primary outcome measure was repetition of self-harm, assessed on average after 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcome measures included suicidal ideation, psychiatric disorder, and service use. RESULTS: Seventy-two adolescents aged 12 to 16 years (91% female subjects) were randomized to group therapy or routine care. Primary outcome data were available for 68 of the 72 randomized participants. More adolescents randomized to group therapy than those randomized to routine care had self-harmed by 6 months (30/34 versus 23/34, chi = 4.19, p =.04), and there was a statistically nonsignificant trend for this pattern to be repeated in the interval of 6 to 12 months (30/34 versus 24/34, chi = 3.24, p =.07). There were few differences between the treatment groups on secondary outcome measures, other than a trend for greater improvement over time on global symptom ratings among the experimental group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contradict those of the original study. Some differences in participant characteristics between the studies, along with less experience at the Australian sites in delivering the intervention, may have accounted for the different outcome. The benefit of group therapy for deliberate self-harm is unproven outside the environment in which it was originally developed.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Williams, Richard
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Implementing guidance and guidelines for developing and delivering equitable child and adolescent mental health services.
%B Current Opinion in Psychiatry
%D 2009
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 22
%N 4
%P 339-344
%@ 1473-6578
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Clayton, E H
%A Hanstock, T L
%A Hirneth, S J
%A Kable, C J
%A Garg, M L
%A Hazell, P L
%T Reduced mania and depression in juvenile bipolar disorder associated with long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation.
%B European journal of clinical nutrition
%D 2009
%C United Kingdom, Switzerland
%I Nature Publishing Group
%V 63
%N 8
%P 1037-40
%@ 0954-3007
%X Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3PUFA) supplementation may improve symptoms of depression in children and bipolar disorder (BD) in adults. No studies have examined the effectiveness of LCn-3PUFA supplementation in the treatment of mania and depression in juvenile BD (JBD) when given as an adjunct to standard pharmacological treatment. Eighteen children and adolescents with JBD received supplements containing 360 mg per day eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1560 mg per day docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 6 weeks in an open-label study. Intake and fasting red blood cell (RBC) LCn-3PUFA, mania, depression and global function were assessed before and after supplementation. RBC EPA and DHA were significantly higher following supplementation. Clinician ratings of mania and depression were significantly lower and global functioning significantly higher after supplementation. Parent ratings of internalizing and externalizing behaviours were also significantly lower following supplementation. A larger randomized controlled trial appears warranted in this participant population.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111101


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Becker, Katja
%A Nikkanen, Eija A
%A Trzepacz, Paula T
%A Tanaka, Yoko
%A Tabas, Linda
%A D'Souza, Deborah N
%A Witcher, Jennifer
%A Long, Amanda
%A Ponsler, George
%A Dittmann, Ralf W
%T Relationship between atomoxetine plasma concentration, treatment response and tolerability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder.
%B Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders
%D 2009
%C Austria
%I Springer Wien
%V 1
%N 2
%P 201-210
%@ 1866-6116
%X The purpose of this study was to examine whether atomoxetine plasma concentration predicts attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) response. This post-hoc analysis assessed the relationship between atomoxetine plasma concentration and ADHD and ODD symptoms in patients (with ADHD and comorbid ODD) aged 6-12 years. Patients were randomly assigned to atomoxetine 1.2 mg/kg/day (n=156) or placebo (n=70) for 8 weeks (Study Period II). At the end of 8 weeks, ODD non-remitters (score >9 on the SNAP-IV ODD subscale and CGI-I > 2) with atomoxetine plasma concentration <800 ng/ml at 2 weeks were re-randomized to either atomoxetine 1.2 mg/kg/day or 2.4 mg/kg/day for an additional 4 weeks (Study Period III). ODD remitters and non-remitters with plasma atomoxetine ???800 ng/ml remained on 1.2 mg/kg/day atomoxetine for 4 weeks. Patients who received atomoxetine, completed Study Period II, and entered Study Period III were included in these analyses. All the groups demonstrated improvement on the SNAP-IV ODD and ADHD-combined subscales (P<.001). At the end of Study Periods II and III, ODD and ADHD improvement was significantly greater in the remitter group compared with the non-remitter groups. Symptom improvement was numerically greater in the non-remitter (2.4 mg/kg/day compared with the non-remitter 1.2 mg/kg/day) group. Atomoxetine plasma concentration was not indicative of ODD and ADHD improvement after 12 weeks of treatment. ADHD and ODD symptoms improved in all the groups with longer duration on atomoxetine. Results suggest atomoxetine plasma concentration does not predict ODD and ADHD symptom improvement. However, a higher atomoxetine dose may benefit some patients.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Williams, Richard
%T Editorial review: shifting views on juvenile bipolar disorder and pervasive developmental disorder.
%B Current Opinion in Psychiatry
%D 2008
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
%V 21
%N 4
%P 328-331
%@ 0951-7367
%X PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the changes in prevalence estimates and concepts of core disorder in two child mental disorders that were once considered rare, and to place these changes in a cultural context. RECENT FINDINGS: Up to one-quarter of people with bipolar disorder may have experienced onset of symptoms prior to puberty, but the precision of the diagnosis in children is uncertain. An ongoing challenge is differentiating bipolar disorder from other child mental disorders. Reliable markers of persistent bipolarity have yet to be identified. Despite a popular perception, pervasive developmental disorder is unlikely to have increased in the population, but recognition rates have increased as much as ten-fold since 1980. The increase is largely accounted for by shifts in diagnostic practice and in attitudes towards the condition. SUMMARY: Changes in diagnostic practice and in clinician and public attitude account for much of the apparent variation in the prevalence of child mental disorders.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Clayton, Edward H
%A Hanstock, Tanya L
%A Hirneth, Stephen J
%A Kable, Colin J
%A Garg, Manohar L
%A Hazell, Philip L
%T Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blood of children and adolescents with juvenile bipolar disorder.
%B Lipids
%D 2008
%C Germany
%I Springer
%V 43
%N 11
%P 1031-1038
%@ 0024-4201
%X Reduced long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been reported in adult patients suffering from depression and bipolar disorder (BD). LCn-3PUFA status has not previously been examined in children and adolescents with BD compared with healthy controls. Fifteen children and adolescents (9-18 years, M +/- SD = 14.4 +/- 3.48) diagnosed with juvenile bipolar disorder (JBD) and fifteen healthy age and sex-matched controls were assessed for dietary intake and fasting red blood cell (RBC) membrane concentrations of LCn-3PUFA. Fatty acid concentrations were compared between participants diagnosed with JBD and controls after controlling for dietary intake. RBC membrane concentrations of EPA and DHA were not significantly lower in participants diagnosed with JBD compared with healthy controls (M +/- sem EPA = 3.37 +/- 0.26 vs. 3.69 +/- 0.27 microg/mL, P = 0.458; M +/- sem DHA = 22.08 +/- 2.23 vs. 24.61 +/- 2.38 microg/mL, P = 0.528) after controlling for intake. Red blood cell DHA was negatively (r = -0.55; P = 0.044) related to clinician ratings of depression. Although lower RBC concentrations of LCn-3PUFA were explained by lower intakes in the current study, previous evidence has linked reduced LCn-3PUFA to the aetiology of BD. As RBC DHA was also negatively related to symptoms of depression, a randomised placebo-controlled study examining supplementation with LCn-3PUFA as an adjunct to standard pharmacotherapy appears warranted in this patient population.
%Z FOR Codes: 110104


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Jairam, R
%A Hanstock, T L
%A Cahill, C M
%A Hazell, P L
%A Walter, G J
%A Malhi, G S
%T The changing face of bipolar disorder: adolescence to adulthood.
%B Minerva Pediatrica
%D 2008
%C Italy
%I Edizioni Minerva Medica
%V 60
%N 1
%P 59-68
%@ 0026-4946
%X Over the past decade, there has been greater acceptance of the existence of bipolar disorder (BD) in adolescents. The onset of BD during this period severely affects the acquisition of key developmental skills. Debate around diagnosis, comorbidity and treatment is strong and little is known about the long-term impact BD has on an adolescents as they approach adulthood, from both illness and functional perspectives. A review of psychological and medical databases using the search terms ''''adolescent onset'''', ''''pediatric onset'''', ''''juvenile onset'''', ''''bipolar disorder'''', ''''course'''' and ''''outcome'''' was conducted. Emphasis was placed on the information available from studies, which have described the outcome of adolescent onset BD either prospectively, retrospectively, or both. Twelve studies were identified that focused on the long-term course of adolescent onset BD. Findings on the course and outcomes are conflicting. These studies are from few centres or research groups and have small sample sizes, varied methodologies and relatively brief follow-up durations. There are few studies available on the course and outcome of adolescent onset BD. Although there seems to be less controversy in this age group compared to the prepubertal age group, there remains a need for prospective studies of large systematically ascertained samples.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Cahill, Catherine
%A Hanstock, Tanya
%A Jairam, Rajeev
%A Hazell, Philip
%A Walter, Garry
%A Malhi, Gin S
%T Comparison of diagnostic guidelines for juvenile bipolar disorder.
%B The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry
%D 2007
%C Australia
%I Blackwell Publishing Asia
%V 41
%N 6
%P 479-484
%@ 1440-1614
%X The purpose of the present paper was to compare currently available diagnostic guidelines for juvenile bipolar disorder with respect to utility in research and clinical practice. A systematic search of psychiatric, medical and psychological databases was conducted using the terms ''juvenile bipolar disorder'', ''paediatric bipolar disorder'' and ''guidelines''. Three main sets of guidelines issued by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (UK), The National Institute of Mental Health (USA) and Child Psychiatric Workshop (USA) were found. There were key differences in the recommendations made by each regarding the diagnosis and symptomatic presentation of juvenile bipolar disorder. Although the diagnosis of juvenile bipolar disorder is gaining increased recognition, its definition remains controversial. It is recommended that clinicians and researchers need to develop diagnostic guidelines that have clinical salience and can be used for future research by incorporating key features of those that are currently available.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Depression in adolescents.
%B BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
%D 2007
%C United Kingdom
%I BMJ Publishing Group
%V 335
%N 7611
%P 106-107
%@ 1468-5833
%X 
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Does the treatment of mental disorders in childhood lead to a healthier adulthood?
%B Current opinion in psychiatry
%D 2007
%C United States
%I Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
%V 20
%N 4
%P 315-318
%@ 0951-7367
%X PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review mechanisms by which intervention for childhood mental disorders may exert an influence on mental health and wellbeing in adulthood, the challenges to demonstrating long-term benefit or harm from such intervention, existing evidence of long-term benefit, and strategies for improving the long-term benefit of treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Intervention may improve long-term outcome through the promotion of protective interpersonal relationships, by enhancing scholastic and later occupational functioning, by arresting the progression of disorder, and by improving general health. Challenges to demonstrating benefits or harms in the long term include variability in the natural course of childhood mental disorders, heterotypic outcomes, and the influence of other variables over time on long-term functioning. Examples of demonstrated benefit include the lowering of risk for substance abuse seen with psychostimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, improved outcomes for autism since the introduction of early interventions to address language impairment, and reduced mortality in anorexia nervosa. SUMMARY: There are feasible enduring benefits of treatment for childhood mental disorders. Treatment of complex problems may have a greater long-term impact than in conditions that follow a benign natural course. Success requires more assertive approaches to treatment than are traditionally employed by child and adolescent mental health services.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%A Clayton, Edward H.
%A Hanstock, Tanya L.
%A Garg, Manohar L.
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses in children and adolescents
%B Acta Neuropsychiatrica
%D 2007
%C Denmark
%I Wiley-Blackwell Munksgaard
%V 19
%N 
%P 92-103
%@ 0924-2708
%X 
%Z FOR Codes: 110319


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Pharmacological management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents: special considerations.
%B CNS drugs
%D 2007
%C New Zealand
%I Adis International Ltd.
%V 21
%N 1
%P 37-46
%@ 1172-7047
%X Approximately one-half of children medicated for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) will continue to experience sufficient impairment during adolescence to warrant the continuation of their treatment; a smaller number of people with ADHD may require treatment for the first time during adolescence. The academic and social demands of adolescence can exaggerate the impairment caused by attentional problems, as adolescents, more so than children, have activities in the afternoon and evening that will tax their attentional abilities. Stimulant and nonstimulant medications are likely to be as effective for adolescent patients as they are for younger children, provided treatment adherence is satisfactory. Long-acting medications are preferred over immediate-release compounds as they provide better coverage of symptoms throughout the day. Patterns of comorbidity with ADHD change from childhood to adolescence and may require a shift in treatment strategy. The choice of time to discontinue treatment should be a decision shared by the clinician and the patient. A negotiated trial of time off treatment followed by a review of the patient''s symptoms can avert premature discontinuation of treatment.
%Z FOR Codes:


%0 Journal Article
%~ PubMed
%A Tarren-Sweeney, Michael
%A Hazell, Philip
%T Mental health of children in foster and kinship care in New South Wales, Australia.
%B Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
%D 2006
%C United Kingdom, Australia
%I Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
%V 42
%N 3
%P 89-97
%@ 1034-4810
%X To report baseline mental health measures from the Children in Care study, a prospective epidemiological study of children in court-ordered foster and kinship care in New South Wales, Australia.
%Z FOR Codes: 110319 111704