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Academic Staff - Professor Steve Simpson

Steve Simpson
Position: ARC Laureate Fellow
Phone: +61 2 9351 5633
Fax: +61 2 9351 4119
Mobile Phone: N/A
Email: stephen.simpson@sydney.edu.au
Location: N/A
Address: A08 - Heydon-Laurence Building, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia 
Links: Behaviour and Physiology Research Lab

Areas of Interest

My group works at the interface of physiology, ecology, and behaviour. As well as discovering the mechanisms that induce swarming in locusts (research which now spans events within the nervous system of individual locusts to mass migration), we have, in collaboration with longstanding colleague David Raubenheimer (Massey University), developed a novel class of state-space models for nutrition, called the Geometric Framework (GF). The GF arose from extensive experiments on insects, but is now being applied in a wide variety of contexts, including conservation biology, human health, gerontology, immunology, ecology and aquaculture. Here I provide a narrative linking some of our most significant discoveries. I emphasize highlights since arriving in Sydney at the beginning of 2005.

Locusts are devastating pests, which are essentially two animals packed inside the same genome. When reared alone they develop into shy, green grasshoppers which shun the company of others; but when crowded they become brightly coloured, attracted by other locusts and form huge marching bands of juveniles and flying swarms of adults. My group discovered that the process of changing from the solitary to the gregarious form is initiated by crowding, begins rapidly, and can accumulate across generations via a chemical agent added by the mother to her eggs (Simpson et al., 1999, Biol. Rev.; Miller et al., 2008, J. Exp. Biol.; Pener & Simpson, 2009, Adv. Insect Physiol.). This transition is the catalyst for locust swarming. Using computer modelling, laboratory experiments and fieldwork we showed that when solitary locusts are forced to come together at limited food patches, their jostling with one another causes the change from repulsion to mutual attraction (Collett et al., 1998, PNAS). We discovered that the critical sense organs involved are hairs on the hind legs, which if stimulated by other locusts or even by an experimenter with a paintbrush, trigger the change from solitary to gregarious behaviour (Simpson et al., 2001, PNAS). This allowed us, in collaboration with colleagues at Cambridge University (Malcolm Burrows, Steve Rogers and Swidi Ott), to focus the search for the controlling neurochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying behavioural phase change. As a result, we have recently (Anstey et al. 2009, Science) demonstrated that a transient increase in the level of serotonin in the central nervous system is responsible for the switch from solitary to gregarious behaviour. Our behavioural dissection of phase change has allowed Greg Sword and my team to begin to home in on underlying genetic mechanisms, working closely with Kang Le and his group in Beijing.

The next major step from individuals to swarms is the transition from aggregation by gregarious locusts to cohesive, mass movement. Suddenly, as if of one mind, an entire group of gregarious juveniles becomes highly aligned and starts to march. To explain this phenomenon, we used simulation techniques from statistical physics called ‘self-propelled particles models’, in which individual particles are programmed to behave according to local interaction rules with respect to neighbouring particles. Using these models in conjunction with laboratory (and latterly field) experiments we found that the collective decision to start marching emerges within a crowd from local interactions between locusts (Buhl et al., 2006, Science). Locusts follow a very simple rule: ‘align with moving neighbours’. Once a critical density of locusts is reached, the march begins. But why do locusts align with their moving neighbours? Working with close colleagues Greg Sword (Sydney) and Iain Couzin (Princeton) we discovered the answer to this question first in the Mormon cricket, a large flightless insect from Northwest America that forms vast marching swarms, extending kilometres. We discovered that Mormon crickets are on a forced march to find protein, driven by cannibalism (Simpson et al., 2006, PNAS). Next we discovered that the same is true for locusts, in detailed laboratory studies involving ablating sense organs used to detect moving neighbours (Bazazi et al., 2008, Curr. Biol.).

Our experiments indicated that if Mormon crickets and locusts are protein satiated the animals stop cannibalising and marching. We had earlier discovered that separate appetites exist for carbohydrate and protein in locusts and other insects and had discovered their neurophysiological bases (reviewed in Simpson & Raubenheimer, 2000, Adv. Study Behav.). Significantly, we then found that a specific protein appetite is not restricted to insects, but is found in spiders, rodents, mink, monkeys, birds, fish, ant colonies, slime moulds – and humans (e.g. Mayntz et al., 2005, Science,; Simpson & Raubenheimer, 2005, Obesity Rev; Cheng et al., 2008, Am. Nat.; Felton et al., 2009, Behav. Ecol.; Dussutour & Simpson, 2009, Curr. Biol.; Dussutour et al., 2010, PNAS). We discovered that protein intake is especially tightly regulated in omnivores and herbivores, taking priority over intake of other nutrients when the diet forces a trade-off between regulation of protein and non-protein energy.

The consequences of having a dominant protein appetite are considerable. When there is a shift towards including more high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods in the diet, the powerful protein appetite causes animals to eat excess energy to gain limiting protein, predisposing to obesity (e.g. shown in our studies on mice, Sørensen et al., 2008, Obesity; monkeys, Felton et al., 2009, Behav. Ecol. and humans, Simpson & Raubenheimer, 2005, Obesity Rev.). This ‘protein leverage’ effect, as we called it (Simpson & Raubenheimer, 2005, Obesity Rev), is made worse when the requirement for non-protein energy diminishes as a result of doing less exercise. In contrast, if the diet shifts towards a higher percent protein, then there is under consumption of non-protein energy, a negative energy balance, and the potential to lose weight.

Our results indicate that protein has the power to drive obesity and also to ameliorate it; a finding that has important public health implications. The ‘protein leverage hypothesis’ has given rise to ongoing clinical trials in Sydney, Cambridge, Jamaica and The Gambia, involving collaborators in Denmark, Cambridge, London, New Zealand and Jamaica.

But why do humans and other animals possess such a strong protein regulatory response? It is easy to explain why eating too little protein is to be avoided: protein is the only source of dietary nitrogen for growth. But why are we and many other animals so unwilling to eat excess protein? The answer came from a study in which we mapped longevity and fecundity landscapes onto detailed nutrient intake arrays in Drosophila (one of the main model systems for studying ageing) (Lee et al., 2008, PNAS). Our data proved that the prevailing dogma in gerontology research that modest caloric restriction prolongs life is wrong for this organism; while a critical analysis of existing data indicated that it may not apply to mammals either (Simpson & Raubenheimer, 2007, J. Gerontol., A.; Simpson & Raubenheimer, 2009, AGING). Rather, eating too much protein caused an early death; which explains why regulatory responses have evolved limiting its excessive intake – in flies at least. Different life-history responses were maximised at different places on the protein-carbohydrate intake surface, but if female flies were offered the opportunity to self-select their own diet, they behaved like nutrient-seeking missiles and unerringly tracked an intake ratio of protein to carbohydrate that maximised lifetime egg production.

We next extended the study of the life-history consequences of nutrient intake with Rob Brooks and his team at UNSW to map differences between male and female life-history strategies in crickets. As was the case for flies, lifespan was maximal in both sexes on low-protein diets, but females paid a greater cost in reduced longevity than males to maximise reproductive effort. Females require extra protein to develop eggs, whereas males expend most of their reproductive effort in carbohydrate-demanding singing behaviour (Maklakov et al., 2008, Curr. Biol.).

Our research indicates that humans and many other animals are ill-equipped to regulate nutrient and energy intake when they experience a rapid shift in the prevailing nutritional environment (e.g. the modern westernised diet), in part as a consequence of the powerful protein appetite; but will future generations evolve ways of dealing with excess ingested energy? We documented the evolution of resistance to obesity in animals with an experiment in which we restricted caterpillars to high-energy regimes over successive generations (Warbrick-Smith et al., 2006, PNAS). Initially, eating excess carbohydrate to gain limiting protein led to obesity, but after 8 generations insects had evolved to rid themselves of excess carbohydrate without laying it down as body fat: they had become immune to obesity in an obesogenic world. This demonstration opens the way to discovering genes for resistance to obesity and has implications for explaining how organisms such as pest insects respond to environmental change.
As well as pursuing experiments spanning slime moulds to humans, a major focus in the lab is to derive a unifying framework that can take account of an individual organism’s genes, development, physiology and behaviour in relation to its simultaneous membership of a group, population, community and ecosystem. Achieving such a synthesis is one of the greatest challenges in modern biology, with immense practical implications. We are focusing on nutritional interactions, since the search for nutrients is pre-eminent among the relations between organisms that affect organismal fitness and fashion higher level ecological outcomes. The manifesto for our approach may be found in three recent publications: Simpson et al., 2009, TREE; Raubenheimer et al., 2009, Funct. Ecol., and Kearney et al., 2010, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B.).

Research Output

Journal Articles:
Book Chapters
Books
Selection of reviews and features on Simpson's work

Journal Articles

  • Huang, X, Hancock, DP, Gosby, AK, McMahon, AC, Solon, SMC, Le Couteur, D, Conigrave, AD, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2012. Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate balance on energy intake, fat storage and heat production in mice. Obesity (doi: 10.1002/oby.20007).
  • Wilder, SM, Le Couteur, DG, and Simpson, SJ 2012. Diet mediates the relationship between longevity and reproduction in mammals. AGE (doi: 10.1007/s11357-011-9380-8).
  • Buhl, J, Sword, GA, and Simpson, SJ 2012. Using field data to test locust migratory band collective movement models. Interface Focus 2:757-763.
  • Cullen, DA, Sword, GA, and Simpson, SJ 2012. Optimizing multivariate behavioural syndrome models in locusts using automated video tracking. Animal Behaviour 84:771-784.
  • Guttal, V, Romanczuk, P, Simpson, SJ, Sword, GA, Couzin, ID, and Liebhold, A 2012. Cannibalism can drive the evolution of behavioral phase polyphenism in locusts. Ecology Letters 15:1158-1166.
  • Marais, B, Crawford, J, Iredell, J, Ward, M, Simpson, S, Gilbert, L, Griffiths, P, Kamradt-Scott, A, Colagiuri, R, Jones, C, and Sorrell, T 2012. One world, one health: beyond the Millennium Development Goals. The Lancet 380:805-806.
  • Gilbert, JDJ, Mound, LA, and Simpson, SJ 2012. Biology of a new species of socially parasitic thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), inside Dunatothrips nests, with evolutionary implications for inquilinism in thrips. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 107:112–122.
  • Cummings, DO, Buhl, J, Lee, RW, Simpson, SJ, and Holmes, SP 2012. Estimating niche width using stable isotopes in the face of habitat variability: A modelling case study in the marine environment. PLoS ONE 7:e40539.
  • Martinez-Cordero, C, Kuzawa, CW, Sloboda, DM, Stewart, J, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2012. Testing the Protein Leverage Hypothesis in a free-living human population. Appetite 59:312-315.
  • Nersesian, CL, Banks, PB, Simpson, SJ, and McArthur, C 2012. Mixing nutrients mitigates the intake constraints of a plant toxin in a generalist herbivore. Behavioral Ecology 23:879-888.
  • Dussutour, A and Simpson, SJ 2012. Ant workers die young and colonies collapse when fed a high-protein diet. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279:2402-2408.
  • Raubenheimer, D, Simpson, SJ, and Tait, A 2012. Match and mismatch: Conservation Physiology, Nutritional Ecology and the timescales of animal adaptation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 367:1628-164.
  • Jensen, K, Mayntz, D, Toft, S, Clissold, FJ, Hunt, J, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2012. Optimal foraging for specific nutrients in predatory beetles. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279:2212-2218.
  • Lihoreau, M and Simpson, SJ 2012. Food, "culture," and sociality in Drosophila. Frontiers in Psychology 3:165.
  • Le Couteur, DG, McLachlan, AJ, Quinn, RJ, Simpson, SJ, and de Cabo, R 2012. Aging biology and novel targets for drug discovery. Journal of Gerontology A: Biological Sciences 67:168-174.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2011. The nature of nutrition: a unifying framework. Australian Journal of Zoology 59:350-368.
  • Robinson, KL, Tohidi-Esfahani, D, Lo, N, Simpson, SJ, and Sword, GA 2011. Evidence for widespread genomic methylation in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae). PLoS ONE 6:e28167.
  • Ponton, F, Wilson, K, Cotter, SC, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Nutritional immunology: a multi-dimensional approach. PLoS Pathogens 7:e1002223.
  • Cummings, DO, Lee, RW, Simpson, SJ, Booth, DJ, Pile, AJ, and Holmes, SP 2011. Resource partitioning amongst co-occurring decapods on wellheads from Australia’s North-West shelf. An analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 409:186-193.
  • Le Couteur, DG, McLachlan, AJ, Quinn, RJ, Simpson, SJ, and de Cabo, R 2011. Aging biology and novel targets for drug discovery. Journal of Gerontology A: Biological Sciences (doi:10.1093/gerona/glr095).
  • Gosby, AK, Conigrave, AD, Lau, NS, Iglesias, MA, Hall, RM, Jebb, SA, Brand-Miller, J, Caterson, I D, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Testing protein leverage in lean humans: a randomised controlled experimental study. PLoS ONE 6:e25929.
  • Ward, AJW, Herbert-Read, JE, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Diets and decisions: the potential use of food protein cues in dietary, sexual and social decisions by mosquitofish. Animal Behaviour 82:783-790.
  • Chapuis, M-P, Simpson, SJ, Blondin, L, and Sword, GA 2011. Taxa-specific heat shock proteins are over-expressed with crowding in the Australian plague locust. Journal of Insect Physiology 57:1562-1567.
  • Simpson, SJ, Sword, GA, and Lo, N 2011. Insect polyphenism. Current Biology 21:R738-R749.
  • Chapuis, M-P, Popple, J-A, Berthier, K, Simpson, SJ, Deveson, E, Spurgin, P, Steinbauer, MJ, and Sword, GA 2011. Challenges to assessing connectivity between massive populations of the Australian plague locust. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:3152-3160.
  • Coggan, N, Clissold, F, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Locusts use dynamic thermoregulatory behaviour to optimise nutritional outcomes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:2745-2752.
  • Hansen, MJ, Buhl, J, Bazazi, S, Simpson, SJ, and Sword, GA 2011. Cannibalism in the lifeboat - collective movement in Australian plague locusts. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65:1715-1720.
  • Piper, MDW, Partridge, L, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Dietary restriction and aging: a unifying perspective. Cell Metabolism 14:154-160.
  • South, SH, House, CM, Moore, AJ, Simpson, SJ, and Hunt, J 2011. Male cockroaches prefer a high carbohydrate diet that makes them more attractive to females: implications for the study of condition dependence. Evolution 65:1594-1606.
  • Ponton, F, Chapuis, M-P, Pernice, M, Sword, GA, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Evaluation of potential reference genes for reverse transcription-qPCR studies of physiological responses in Drosophila melanogaster.Journal of Insect Physiology 57:840-850.
  • Jensen, K, Mayntz, D, Tøft, S, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Nutrient regulation in a predator, the wolf spider Pardosa prativaga. Animal Behaviour 81:993-999.
  • Chapuis, M-P, Tohidi-Esfahani, D, Dodgson, T, Blondin, L, Ponton, F, Cullen, D, Simpson, SJ, and Sword, GA 2011. Assessment and validation of a suite of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR reference genes for analyses of density-dependent behavioural plasticity in the Australian plague locust. BMC Molecular Biology 12:7.
  • Hewson-Hughes, AK, Hewson-Hughes, VL, Miller, AT, Hall, SR, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2011. Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection in the adult domestic cat, Felis catus. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:1039-1051.
  • Jensen, K, Mayntz, D, Tøft, S, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Prey nutrient composition has different effects on Pardosa wolf spiders with dissimilar life histories. Oecologia 165:577–583.
  • Cotter, SC, Simpson, SJ, Raubenheimer, D, and Wilson, K 2011. Macronutrient balance mediates trade-offs between immune function and life history traits. Functional Ecology 25:186-198.
  • Buhl, J, Sword, GA, Clissold, FJ, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Group structure in locust migratory bands. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 65:265-273.
  • Bazazi, S, Romanczuk, P, Thomas, S, Schimansky-Geier, L, Hale, JJ, Miller, GA, Sword, GA, Simpson, SJ, and Couzin, ID 2011. Nutritional state and collective motion: from individuals to mass migration. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:356-363.
  • Le Couteur, D and Simspon, SJ 2011. Adaptive senectitude: the prolongevity effects of aging. Journal of Gerontology A: Biological Sciences 66:179-182.
  • Ponton, F, Lalubin, F, Fromont, C, Wilson, K, Behm, C, and Simpson, SJ 2011. Hosts use altered macronutrient intake to circumvent parasite-induced reduction in fecundity. International Journal for Parasitology 41:43-50.
  • Bazazi, S, Ioannou, CC, Simpson, SJ, Sword, GA, Torney, CJ, Lorch, PD, and Couzin, ID 2010. The social context of cannibalism in Mormon cricket collective movement. PLoS one 5:e15118.
  • Cummings, DO, Booth, DJ, Lee, RW, Simpson, SJ, and Pile, AJ 2010. Ontogenetic diet shifts in the reef fish Pseudanthias rubrizonatus from isolated populations on the North-West Shelf of Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 419: 211-222.
  • Berthier, K, Chapuis, M-P, Simpson, SJ, Ferenz, H-J, Habib Kane, CM, Kang, L, Lange, A, Ott, SR, Babah Ebbe, MA, Rodenburg, KW, Rogers, SM, Torto, B, Vanden Broeck, J, van Loon, JJA, and Sword, GA 2010. Laboratory populations as a resource for understanding the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes: A global case study in locusts. Advances in Insect Physiology 39:1-37.
  • Gosby, AK, Campbell, C, Badaloo, A, Soares-Wynter, S, Antonelli, M, Hall, R, Martinez-Cordero, C, Jebb, SA, Brand-Miller, J, Caterson, I, Conigrave, A, Forrester, TG, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2010. Design and testing of foods differing in protein to energy ratios. Appetite 55:367-370.
  • Kearney, M, Simpson, SJ, Raubenheimer, D, and Helmuth, B 2010. Modelling the ecological niche from functional traits. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365:3469-3483.
  • Ballard, JWO, Melvin, R, Lazarou, M, Clissold, FJ, and Simpson, SJ 2010. Cost of a naturally occurring two-amino acid deletion in cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A in Drosophila simulans. The American Naturalist 176:E98-E108.
  • Jensen, K, Mayntz, D, Wang, T, Simpson, SJ, and Overgaard, J 2010. Metabolic consequences of feeding and fasting on nutritionally different diets in the wolf spider Pardosa prativaga. Journal of Insect Physiology 56:1095-1100.
  • Sword, GA, LeCoq, M, and Simpson, SJ 2010. Phase polyphenism and preventative locust management. Journal of Insect Physiology 56:949-957.
  • Cullen, D, Sword, GA, Dodgson, T, and Simpson, SJ 2010. Behavioural phase change in the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, is triggered by tactile stimulation of the antennae. Journal of Insect Physiology 56:937-942.
  • Simpson, SJ and Sword, GA 2010. Evolving migration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 107:16753-16754.
  • Brooks, RC, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2010. The price of protein: combining evolutionary and economic analysis to understand excessive energy consumption. Obesity Reviews 11:887-894.
  • Clissold, FJ, Tedder, BJ, Conigrave, AD, and Simpson, SJ 2010. The gastrointestinal tract as a nutrient balancing organ. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:1751-1759.
  • Dussutour, A, Latty, T, Beekman, M, and Simpson, SJ 2010. Amoeboid organism solves complex nutritional challenges. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 107:4607-4611.
  • Miller, GA and Simpson, SJ 2010. Isolation from a marching band increases haemocyte density in wild locusts (Chortoicetes terminifera). Ecological Entomology 35:236-239.
  • Sørensen, A, Mayntz, D, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2010. Dietary ratio of protein to carbohydrate induces plastic responses in the gastrointestinal tract of mice. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 180:259-266.
  • Simpson, SJ, Raubenheimer, D, Charleston, MA, Clissold, FJ, and the ARC-NZ Vegetation Function Network Herbivory Working Group 2010. Modelling nutritional interactions: from individuals to communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25:53-60.
  • Clissold, FJ, Sanson, GD, Read, J, and Simpson, SJ 2009. Gross versus net income – how plant toughness affects performance of an insect herbivore. Ecology 90:3393–3405.
  • Miller, GA, Pell, JK, and Simpson, SJ 2009. Crowded locusts produce hatchlings vulnerable to fungal attack. Biology Letters 5:845-848.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2009. The protein leverage hypothesis in human obesity. Cardiology in General Practice 10:32.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2009. Macronutrient balance and lifespan. Aging 1: 875-880.
  • Fanson, BG, Weldon, CW, Pérez-Staples, D, Simpson, SJ, and Taylor, PW 2009. Nutrients, not caloric restriction, extend lifespan in Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni). Aging Cell 8:514-523.
  • Srygley, RB, Lorch, PD, Simpson, SJ, and Sword, GA 2009. Immediate protein dietary effects on movement and the generalized immunocompetence of migrating Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Ecological Entomology 34:663-668.
  • Miller, GA, Clissold, FJ, Mayntz, D and Simpson, SJ 2009. Speed over efficiency: locusts select body temperatures that favour growth rate over efficient nutrient utilization. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276:3581-3589.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 2009. Nutritional PharmEcology: doses, nutrients, toxins, and medicines. Integrative and Comparative Biology 49:329-337.
  • Dukas, R and Simpson, SJ 2009. Locusts show rapid individual learning but no social learning about food. Animal Behaviour 78:307-311.
  • Warbrick-Smith, J, Raubenheimer, D, Simpson, SJ, and Behmer, ST 2009. Three hundred and fifty generations of extreme food specialisation: testing predictions of nutritional ecology. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 132:65-75.
  • Maklakov, AA, Hall, MD, Simpson, SJ, Dessmann, J, Clissold, FJ, Zajitschek, F, Lailvaux, SP, Raubenheimer, D, Bonduriansky, R, and Brooks, RC 2009. Sex differences in nutrient-dependent reproductive ageing. Aging Cell 8:324-330.
  • Pener, MP and Simpson, SJ 2009. Locust phase polyphenism: an update. Advances in Insect Physiology 36:1-286.
  • Gray, LJ, Sword, GA, Anstey, ML, Clissold, FJ, and Simpson, SJ 2009. Behavioural phase polyphenism in the Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera). Biology Letters 5:306-309.
  • Dussutour, A and Simpson, SJ 2009. Communal nutrition in ants. Current Biology 19:740-744.
  • Gluckman, PD, Hanson, MA, Bateson, P, Beedle, AS, Law, CM, Bhutta, ZA, Anokhin, KV, Bougnères, P, Chandak, GR, Dasgupta, P, Smith, GD, Ellison, PT, Forrester, T, Gilbert, SF, Jablonka, E, Kaplan, H, Prentice, AM, Simpson, SJ, Uauy, R, and West-Eberhard, MJ 2009. Towards a new developmental synthesis: adaptive developmental plasticity and human disease. The Lancet 373:1654-1657.
  • Felton, AM, Felton, A, Raubenheimer, D, Simpson, SJ, Foley, WJ, Wood, JT, Wallis, IR, and Lindenmayer, DB 2009. The protein content of diets dictates the daily energy intake of a free-ranging primate. Behavioral Ecology 20:685-690.
  • Warwick, S, Vahed, K, Raubenheimer, D, and Simspon, SJ 2009. Free amino acids as phasgostimulants in cricket nuptial gifts: support for the 'Candymaker' hypothesis. Biology Letters 5:194-196.
  • Povey S, Cotter, SC, Simpson SJ, Lee, KP, and Wilson, K 2009. Can the protein costs of bacterial resistance be offset by altered feeding behaviour? Journal of Animal Ecology 78:437-446.
  • Mayntz, D, Nielsen, VH, Sørensen, A, Tøft, S, Raubenheimer, D, Hejlesen, C, and Simpson, SJ 2009. Balancing of protein and lipid intake by a mammalian carnivore, the mink (Mustela vison). Animal Behaviour 77:349-355.
  • Anstey, ML, Rogers, SM, Ott, SR, Burrows, M, and Simpson, SJ 2009. Serotonin mediates behavioral gregarization underlying swarm formation in desert locusts. Science 323:627-630.
  • Raubenheimer, D, Simpson, SJ, and Mayntz, D 2009. Nutrition, ecology and nutritional ecology: toward an integrated framework. Functional Ecology 23:4-16.
  • Reynolds, AM, Sword, GA, Simpson, SJ, and Reynolds, DR 2009. Predator percolation, insect outbreaks and phase polyphenism. Current Biology 19:20-24.
  • Maklakov, AA, Simpson, SJ, Zajitschek, F, Hall, M, Dessman, J, Clissold, FJ, Raubenheimer, D, Bonduriansky, R, and Brooks, RC 2008. Sex-specific fitness effects of nutrient intake on reproduction and lifespan. Current Biology 18:1062-1066. [Faculty of 1000 featured]
  • Sword, GA and Simpson, SJ 2008. Radiotracking sexual selection. Current Biology 18:R955-R956.
  • Chapuis, M-P, Popple, J-A, Simpson, SJ, Estoup, A, Martin, J-F, Steinbauer, M, McCulloch, L, and Sword, GA 2008. Eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for the Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera. Molecular Ecology Resources 8:1414-1416.
  • Ballard, JWO, Melvina, RG, and Simpson, SJ 2008. Starvation resistance is positively correlated with body lipid proportion in five wild caught Drosophila simulans populations. Journal of Insect Physiology 54:1371-1376.
  • Cheng, K, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2008. A geometry of regulatory scaling. The American Naturalist 172:681-693.
  • Lee, KP, Simpson, SJ, and Wilson, K 2008. Dietary protein-quality influences melanization and immune function in an insect. Functional Ecology 22:1052-1061.
  • Dussutour, A and Simpson, SJ 2008. Carbohydrate regulation in relation to colony growth in ants. Journal of Experimental Biology 211:2224-2232. [Outstanding paper of the year award]
  • Andrews, G, Pile, AJ, and Simpson, SJ 2008. A new method for presenting nutritionally defined food sources to marine organisms. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 6:299-306.
  • Dussutour, A and Simpson, SJ 2008. Description of a simple synthetic diet for studying nutritional responses in ants. Insectes Sociaux 55:329-333.
  • Bazazi, S, Buhl, J, Hale, JJ, Anstey, ML, Sword, GA, Simpson, SJ, and Couzin, ID 2008. Collective motion and cannibalism in locust migratory bands. Current Biology 18:1-5.
  • Ji, R, Simpson, SJ, Yu, F, He, QX, and Yun, CJ 2008. Diets of migratory rosy starlings (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) and their effects on grasshoppers: Implications for a biological agent for insect pests. Biological Control 46:547-551.
  • Simpson, SJ and Sword, GA 2008. Locusts. Current Biology 18:R364-R366.
  • Dussutour, A, Despland, E, Nicolis, SC, and Simpson, SJ 2008. Individual differences influence collective behaviour in social caterpillars. Animal Behaviour 76:5-16.
  • Lee, KP, Simpson, SJ, Clissold, FJ, Brooks, R, Ballard, JWO, Taylor, PW, Soran, N, and Raubenheimer, D 2008. Lifespan and reproduction in Drosophila: new insights from nutritional geometry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 105:2498-2503. [Faculty of 1000 featured]
  • Miller, GA, Islam, MS, Claridge, DW, Dodgson, T, and Simpson, SJ 2008. Swarm formation in the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria): isolation and NMR analysis of the primary maternal gregarizing agent. Journal of Experimental Biology 211:370-376.
  • Sørensen, A, Mayntz, D, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2008. Protein leverage in mice: geometry of macronutrient balancing and consequences for fat deposition. Obesity 16:566-571.
  • Raubenheimer, D, Mayntz, D, Simpson, SJ, and Tøft, S 2007. Nutrient-specific compensation following diapause in a predator: implications for intraguild predation. Ecology 88:2598-2608.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 2007. Geometric analysis: from nutritional ecology to livestock production. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 16:51-63.
  • Simpson, SJ and Miller, GA 2007. Maternal effects on phase characteristics in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria: a review of current understanding. Journal of Insect Physiology 53:869-876.
  • Dussutour, A, Simpson, SJ, Despland, E, and Colasurdo, N 2007. When the group denies individual nutritional wisdom. Animal Behaviour 74:931-939.
  • Ruohonen, K, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2007. A new approach to diet optimisation: a re-analysis using European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). Aquaculture 267:147-156.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2007. Caloric restriction and aging revisited: the need for a geometric analysis of the nutritional bases of aging. Journal of Gerontology A: Biological Sciences 62:707-713.
  • Warbrick-Smith, J, Behmer, ST, Lee, K-P, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2006. Evolving resistance to obesity in an insect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103:14045-14049
  • Buhl, J, Sumpter, DJT, Couzin, ID, Hale, JJ, Despland, E, Miller, E, and Simpson, SJ 2006. From disorder to order in marching locusts. Science 312:1402-1406.
  • Lee, K-P, Behmer, ST, and Simpson, SJ 2006. Nutrient regulation in relation to diet breadth: a comparison of Heliothis sister species and a hybrid. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:2076-2084.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 2006. The challenge of supplementary feeding: Can geometric analysis help save the kakapo? Notornis 53:100-111.
  • Despland, E and Simpson, SJ 2006. Resource distribution mediates synchronization of physiological rhythms in locust groups. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273:1517-1522.
  • Simpson, SJ, Sword, GA, Lorch, PD, and Couzin, ID 2006. Cannibal crickets on a forced march for protein and salt. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103:4152-4156.
  • Lee, K-P, Cory, JS, Wilson, K, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2006. Flexible diet choice offsets protein costs of pathogen resistance in a caterpillar. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273:823-829.
  • Simpson, SJ, Sword, GA, and De Loof, A 2005. Advances, controversies and consensus in locust phase polyphenism research. Journal of Orthoptera Research 14:213-222.
  • Raubenheimer, D, Lee, K-P, and Simpson, SJ 2005. Does Bertrand’s Rule apply to macronutrients? Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272:2429-2434.
  • Mayntz, D, Raubenheimer, D, Salomon, M, Toft, S, and Simpson, SJ 2005. Nutrient-specific foraging in invertebrate predators. Science 307:111-113.
  • Lester, RL, Grach, C, Pener, MP, and Simpson, SJ 2005. Stimuli inducing gregarious colouration and behaviour in nymphs of Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology 51:737-747.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2005. Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis. Obesity Reviews 6:133-142.
  • Despland, E and Simpson, SJ 2005. Surviving the change to warning colouration: density-dependent polyphenism suggests a route for the evolution of aposematism. Chemoecology 15:69-75.
  • Despland, E and Simpson, SJ 2005. Food choices of solitarious and gregarious locusts reflect cryptic and aposematic antipredator strategies. Animal Behaviour 69:471-479.
  • Lee, K-P, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2004. A comparison of nutrient regulation between solitarious and gregarious phases of the specialist caterpillar, Spodoptera exempta (Walker). Journal of Insect Physiology 50:1171-1180.
  • Hägele, BF, Wang, F-H, Sehnal, F, and Simpson, SJ 2004. Effect of crowding, isolation, and transfer from isolation to crowding on the total ecdysteroid content of eggs in Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology 50:621-628.
  • Rogers, SM, Matheson, T, Sasaki, K, Kendrick, K, Simpson, SJ, and Burrows, M 2004. Substantial changes in central nervous neurotransmitters and neuromodulators accompany phase change in the locust. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:3603-3617.
  • Zudaire, E, Simpson, SJ, Illa, I, and Montuenga, LM 2004. Dietary influences over proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the locust midgut. Journal of Experimental Biology 207:2255-2265.
  • Opstad, R, Rogers, SM, Behmer, ST, and Simpson, SJ 2004. Behavioural correlates of phenotypic plasticity in mouthpart chemoreceptor numbers in locusts. Journal of Insect Physiology 50:725-736.
  • Simpson, SJ, Sibly, RM, Lee, K-P, Behmer, ST, and Raubenheimer, D 2004. Optimal foraging when regulating intake of multiple nutrients. Animal Behaviour 68:1299-1311.
  • Lee, K-P, Raubenheimer, D, Simpson, SJ 2004. The effect of nutritional imbalance on compensatory feeding for cellulose-mediated dietary dilution in a generalist caterpillar. Physiological Entomology 29:108-117.
  • Despland, E, Rosenberg, J, and Simpson, SJ 2004. Landscape structure and locust swarming: a satellite’s view. Ecography 27:381-391.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 2004. Organismal stoichiometry: quantifying non-independence among food components. Ecology 85:1203-1216.
  • Lee, K-P, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2003. A correlation between nutrient balancing and insect host-plant range: evidence from the specialist caterpillar Spodoptera exempta. Journal of Insect Physiology 49:1161-1171.
  • Rogers, SM, Matheson, T, Despland, E, Dodgson, T, Burrows, M, and Simpson, SJ 2003. Mechanosensory-induced behavioural gregarization in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Experimental Biology 206:3991-4002.
  • Simpson, SJ, Batley, R., and Raubenheimer, D. 2003. Geometric analysis of macronutrient intake in humans: the power of protein? Appetite 41:123-140.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 2003. Nutrient balancing in grasshoppers: behavioural and physiological correlates of diet breadth. Journal of Experimental Biology 206:1669-1681.
  • Behmer, ST, Cox, E, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2003. Food distance and its effect on nutrient balancing in a mobile insect herbivore. Animal Behaviour 66:665-675.
  • Hoste, B, Simpson, SJ, De Loof, A, and Breuer, M 2003. Behavioural differences in Locusta migratoria caused by albinism and their relation to [His7]-corazonin. Physiological Entomology 28:32-38.
  • Bouaichi, A and Simpson, SJ 2003. Density-dependent accumulation of phase characteristics in a natural population of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Physiological Entomology 28:25-31.
  • Wright, GA, Simpson, SJ, Raubenheimer, D, and Stevenson, P 2003. The feeding behaviour of the weevil, Exopthalmus jekelianus, with respect to the nutrients and allelochemical in host plant leaves. Oikos 100:172-184.
  • Zee, B van der, Behmer, ST, and Simpson, SJ 2002. Food mixing strategies in the desert locust: effects of phase, distance between foods and food nutrient content. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 103:227-237.
  • Hoste, B, Simpson, SJ, Tanaka, S, De Loof, A, and Breuer, M 2002. Effects of [His7]-corazonin on the phase state of isolated-reared Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology 48:981-990.
  • Hoste, B, Simpson, SJ, Tanaka, S, De Loof, A, and Breuer, M 2002. A comparison of phase-related shifts in behavior and morphometrics of an albino strain, deficient in [His7]-corazonin, and a normally colored Locusta migratoria strain. Journal of Insect Physiology 48:791-801.
  • Behmer, ST, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2002. Herbivore foraging in chemically heterogeneous environments: nutrients and secondary metabolites. Ecology 83:2489-2501.
  • Simpson, SJ, Raubenheimer, D, Behmer, ST, Whitworth, A, and Wright, GA 2002. A comparison of nutritional regulation in solitarious and gregarious phase nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:121-129.
  • Wilson, K, Thomas, MB, Blanford, S, Doggett, M, Simpson, SJ, and Moore, SL 2002. Coping with crowds: density-dependent disease resistance in desert locusts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99:5471-5475.
  • Lee, K-P, Behmer, ST, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 2002. A geometric analysis of nutrient regulation in the generalist caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval). Journal of Insect Physiology 48:655-665.
  • Behmer, ST, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2001. Frequency-dependent food selection in locusts: a geometric analysis of the role of nutrient balancing. Animal Behaviour 61:995-1005.
  • Simpson, SJ, Despland, E, Hägele, BF, and Dodgson, T 2001. Gregarious behaviour in desert locusts is evoked by touching their back legs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98:3895-3897.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2001. A framework for the study of macronutrient intake in fish. Aquaculture Research 32:421-432.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2001. The geometric analysis of nutrient-allelochemical interactions: a case study using locusts. Ecology 82:422-439.
  • Lenz, EM, Hägele, BF, Wilson, ID, and Simpson, SJ 2001. High resolution 1H NMR spectroscopic studies of the composition of the haemolymph of crowd- and solitary-reared nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 32:51-56.
  • Hägele, BF and Simpson, SJ 2000. The influence of mechanical, visual and contact chemical stimulation on the behavioural phase state of solitary desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria). Journal of Insect Physiology 46:1295-1301.
  • Wright, GA, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2000. The feeding behaviour of Schistocerca gregaria, the desert locust, on two starch mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Chemoecology 10:59-67.
  • Despland, E and Simpson, SJ 2000. The role of food distribution and nutritional quality in behavioural phase change in the desert locust. Animal Behaviour 59:643-652.
  • Despland, E and Simpson, SJ 2000. Small-scale vegetation patterns in the parental environment influence the phase state of hatchlings of the desert locust. Physiological Entomology 25:74-81.
  • Sword, GA, Simpson, SJ, El Haldi, OUM, and Wilps, H 2000. Density-dependent aposematism in the desert locust. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 267:63-68.
  • Sword, GA and Simpson, SJ 2000. Is there an intraspecific role for density-dependent colour change in the desert locust? Animal Behaviour 59:861-870.
  • Hägele, B, McCaffery, AR, Oag, V, Bouaichi, A, and Simpson, SJ 2000. The role of female accessory glands in maternal inheritance of phase in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology 46:275-280.
  • Despland, E, Collett, M, and Simpson, SJ 2000. Small-scale processes in Desert Locust swarm formation: how vegetation patterns influence gregarization. Oikos 88:652-662.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2000. The hungry locust. Advances in the Study of Behavior 29:1-44.
  • Gouveia, SM, Zanotto, FP, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 2000. Patterns of respiration in Locusta migratoria nymphs when feeding. Physiological Entomology 25:88-93.
  • Wright, GA, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 1999. The pattern of feeding of the Costa Rican weevil, Exopthalmus jekelianus. Physiological Entomology 24:391-397.
  • Simpson, SJ, McCaffery, AR, and Hägele, B 1999. A behavioural analysis of phase change in the desert locust. Biological Reviews 74:461-480.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 1999. Assuaging nutritional complexity: a geometric approach. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58:779-789.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1999. Integrating nutrition: a geometrical approach. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 91:67-82.
  • Rogers, SM and Simpson, SJ 1999. Chemodiscriminatroy neurones in the sub-oesophageal ganglion of Locusta migratoria L. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 91:19-28.
  • Webb, SC, Simpson, SJ, & Hedges, REM 1998. The effect of diet quality on the δ13C and δ15N in the tissues of locusts Locusta migratoria L. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 34:43-51.
  • Collett, M, Despland, E, Simpson, SJ, and Krakauer, DC 1998. The spatial scales of locust gregarisation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95:13052-13055.
  • Zudaire, E, Simpson, SJ, and Montuenga, LM 1998. Effects of food nutrients, age during the stadium and stage in the feeding cycle on the FMRFamide immunoreactivity of diffuse endocrine cells in the locust gut. Journal of Experimental Biology 201:2971-2979.
  • Roessingh, P, Bouaichi, A, and Simpson, SJ 1998. Effects of sensory stimuli on the behavioural phase state of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology 44:883-893.
  • Webb, SC, Hedges, REM, and Simpson, SJ 1998. Diet quality influences the δ13C and δ15N of locusts and their biochemical components. Journal of Experimental Biology 201:2903-2911
  • Kathirithamby, J, Simpson, SJ, Solulu, T, and Caudwell, R 1998. Strepsipterans as model bio-control agents. International Journal of Pest Management 44:127-133.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1998. Nutrient transfer functions: the site of integration between feeding behaviour and nutritional physiology. Chemoecology 8:61-68.
  • Solulu, TM, Simpson, SJ, and Kathirithamby, J 1998. Effects of strepsipteran parasitism on a tettigoniid pest of oil palm in Papua New Guinea. Physiological Entomology 23:388-398.
  • McCaffery, AR, Simpson, SJ, Islam, MS, and Roessingh, P 1998. A gregarizing factor present in egg pod foam of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Experimental Biology 201:347-363.
  • Chambers, PG, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 1998. The functional significance of switching interval in food mixing by Locusta migratoria. Journal of Insect Physiology 44:77-85.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1997. Integrative models of nutrient balancing: application to insects and vertebrates. Nutrition Research Reviews 10:151-179.
  • Rogers, SM and Simpson, SJ 1997. Experience-dependent changes in the number of chemosensilla on the mouthparts and antennae of Locusta migratoria. Journal of Experimental Biology 200:2313-2321.
  • Zanotto, FP, Gouveia, SM, Simpson, SJ, Raubenheimer, D, and Calder, PC 1997. Nutritional homeostasis in locusts: is there a mechanism for increased energy expenditure during carbohydrate overfeeding? Journal of Experimental Biology 200:2437-2448.
  • Chambers, PG, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 1997. The selection of nutritionally balanced foods by Locusta migratoria: the interaction between food nutrients and added flavours. Physiological Entomology 22:199-206.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 1997. The geometric analysis of feeding and nutrition in the rat. Appetite 28:201-213.
  • Bouaichi, A, Simpson, SJ, and Roessingh, P 1996. The influence of environmental microstructure on the behavioural phase state and distribution of the desert locust. Physiological Entomology 21:247-256.
  • Zanotto, FP, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 1996. Haemolymph amino acid and sugar levels in locusts fed nutritionally unbalanced diets. Journal of comparative Physiology, B 166:223-229.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1996. Meeting nutrient requirements: the roles of power and efficiency. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 80:65-68.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 1996. Feeding behaviour, sensory physiology and nutrient feedback: a unifying model. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 80:55-64.
  • Chambers, PG, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 1995. Behavioural mechanisms of nutrient balancing in Locusta migratoria nymphs. Animal Behaviour 50:1513-1523.
  • Bouaichi, A, Roessingh, P, and Simpson, SJ 1995. An analysis of the behavioural effects of crowding and re-isolation on solitary-reared adult desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria, Forskal) and their offspring. Physiological Entomology 20:199-208.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1995. Constructing nutrient budgets. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 77:99-104.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 1995. The geometric analysis of feeding and nutrition: a user's guide. Journal of Insect Physiology 41:545-553.
  • Simpson, SJ, Abisgold, JD, and Douglas, AE 1995. Response of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) to variation in dietary levels of sugar and amino acids: the significance of amino acid quality. Journal of Insect Physiology 41:71-75.
  • Trumper, S and Simpson, SJ 1994. Mechanisms regulating salt intake in fifth instar nymphs of Locusta migratoria. Physiological Entomology 19:203-215.
  • Islam, MS, Roessingh, P, Simpson, SJ, and McCaffery, AR 1994. Effects of population density experienced by parents during mating and oviposition on the phase of hatchling desert locusts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 257:93-98.
  • Roessingh, P and Simpson, SJ 1994. The time-course of behavioural phase change in nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Physiological Entomology 19:191-197.
  • Simpson, SJ 1994. Experimental support for a model in which innate taste responses contribute to regulation of salt intake by nymphs of Locusta migratoria. Journal of Insect Physiology 40:555-559.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1994. The analysis of nutrient budgets. Functional Ecology 8:783-791.
  • Zanotto, FP, Raubenheimer, D, and Simpson, SJ 1994. Selective egestion of lysine by locusts fed nutritionally unbalanced foods. Journal of Insect Physiology 40:259-265.
  • Abisgold, JD, Simpson, SJ, and Douglas, AE 1994. Nutrient regulation in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum: application of a novel geometric framework to sugar and amino acid consumption. Physiological Entomology 19:95-102.
  • Islam, MS, Roessingh, P, Simpson, SJ, and McCaffery, AR 1994. Parental effects on the behaviour and coloration of nymphs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. Journal of Insect Physiology 40:173-181.
  • Zanotto, FP, Simpson, SJ, and Raubenheimer, D 1993. The regulation of growth by locusts through post-ingestive compensation for variation in the levels of dietary protein and carbohydrate. Physiological Entomology 18:425-434.
  • Trumper, S and Simpson, SJ 1993. Regulation of salt intake by nymphs of Locusta migratoria. Journal of Insect Physiology 39:857-864.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 1993. The central role of the haemolymph in the regulation of nutrient intake in insects. Physiological Entomology 18:395-403.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 1993. A multi-level analysis of feeding behaviour: the geometry of nutritional decisions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 342:381-402.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1993. The geometry of compensatory feeding in the locust. Animal Behaviour 45:953-964.
  • Roessingh, P, Simpson, SJ, and James, S 1993. Analysis of phase-related changes in behaviour of desert locust nymphs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 252:43-49.
  • Simpson, SJ 1992. Mechanoresponsive neurones in the suboesophageal ganglion of the locust. Physiological Entomology 17:351-369.
  • Rowell, CHF and Simpson, SJ 1992. A peripheral input of thoracic origin inhibits chewing movements in the larvae of Manduca sexta. Journal of Insect Physiology 38:475-483.
  • Prosser, WA, Simpson, SJ, and Douglas, AE 1992. How an aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) symbiosis responds to variation in dietary nitrogen. Journal of Insect Physiology 38:301-307.
  • Simpson, SJ and Simpson, CL 1992. Mechanisms controlling modulation by haemolymph amino acids of gustatory responsiveness in the locust. Journal of Experimental Biology 168:269-287.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1992. Analysis of covariance: an alternative to nutritional indices. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 62:221-231.
  • Simmonds, MSJ, Simpson, SJ, and Blaney, WM 1992. Dietary selection behaviour in Spodoptera littoralis: the effects of conditioning diet and conditioning period on neural responsiveness and selection behaviour. Journal of Experimental Biology 162:73-90.
  • Griss, C, Simpson, SJ, Rohrbacher, J, and Rowell, CHF 1991. Localization in the central nervous system of larval Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of areas responsible for aspects of feeding behaviour. Journal of Insect Physiology 37: 477-482.
  • Simpson, SJ, Simmonds, MSJ, Blaney, WM, and James, S 1991. Variation in chemosensitivity and the control of dietary selection behaviour in the locust. Appetite 17: 141-154.
  • Simmonds, MSJ, Simpson, SJ, and Blaney, WM 1990. Dietary selection behaviour; comparisons between locusts and caterpillars. Symposium Biologica Hungarica 39: 47-52.
  • Simpson, CL, Simpson, SJ, and Abisgold, JD 1990. The role of various amino acids in the protein compensatory response of Locusta migratoria. Symposium Biologica Hungarica 39: 39-46.
  • Simpson, CL, Chyb, S, and Simpson, SJ 1990. Changes in chemoreceptor sensitivity in relation to dietary selection by adult Locusta migratoria. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 56: 259-268.
  • Chyb, S and Simpson, SJ 1990. Dietary selection in adult Locusta migratoria. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 56: 47-60.
  • Simpson, SJ and White, PR 1990. Associative learning and locust feeding: evidence for a 'learned hunger' for protein. Animal Behaviour 40: 506-513.
  • Simpson, SJ, Simmonds, MSJ, Blaney, WM, and Jones, JP 1990. Compensatory dietary selection occurs in larval Locusta migratoria but not Spodoptera littoralis after a single deficient meal during ad libitum feeding. Physiological Entomology 15: 235-242.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 1990. The effects of simultaneous variation in protein, digestible carbohydrate and tannic acid on the feeding behaviour of larval Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria I: short-term studies. Physiological Entomology 15: 219-233.
  • Simpson, SJ, Barton Browne, L, and van Gerwen, ACM 1989. The patterning of compensatory sugar feeding in the Australian sheep blowfly. Physiological Entomology 14: 91-105.
  • Abisgold, JD and Simpson, SJ 1988. The effect of dietary protein levels and haemolymph composition on the sensitivity of the maxillary palp chemoreceptors of locusts. Journal of Experimental Biology 135: 215-229.
  • Simpson, SJ, Simmonds, MSJ, Wheatley, AR, and Bernays, EA 1988. The control of meal termination in the locust. Animal Behaviour 36: 1216-1227.
  • Simpson, SJ, Simmonds, MSJ, and Blaney, WM 1988. A comparison of dietary selection behaviour in larval Locusta migratoria and Spodoptera littoralis. Physiological Entomology 13: 225-238.
  • Abisgold, JD and Simpson, SJ 1987. The physiology of compensation by locusts for changes in dietary protein. Journal of Experimental Biology 129: 329-346.
  • Rolls, ET, Murzi, E, Yaxley, S, Thorpe, SJ, and Simpson, SJ 1986. Sensory-specific satiety: food-specific reduction in responsiveness of ventral forebrain neurones after feeding in the monkey. Brain Research 368: 79-86.
  • Simpson, SJ and Ludlow, AR 1986. Why locusts start to feed: a comparison of causal factors. Animal Behaviour 34: 480-496.
  • Simpson, SJ and Abisgold, JD 1985. Compensation by locusts for changes in dietary nutrients: behavioural mechanisms. Physiological Entomology 10: 443-452.
  • Roessingh, P and Simpson, SJ 1984. Volumetric feedback and the control of meal size in Schistocerca gregaria. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 36: 279-286.
  • Simpson, SJ and Bernays, EA 1983. The regulation of feeding: locusts and blowflies are not so different from mammals. Appetite 4: 313-346.
  • Chapman, RF, Bernays, EA, Woodhead, S, Padgham, DE, and Simpson, SJ 1983. Control of hatching time of eggs of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 73: 667-677.
  • Simpson, SJ 1983. Changes during the fifth instar of Locusta migratoria in the rate of crop emptying and their relationship to feeding and food utilisation. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 33: 235-243.
  • Simpson, SJ 1983. The role of volumetric feedback from the hindgut in the regulation of meal size in fifth instar Locusta migratoria nymphs. Physiological Entomology 8: 451-467.
  • Simpson, SJ 1982. Changes in the efficiency of utilisation of food throughout the fifth instar in nymphs of Locusta migratoria. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 31: 265-275.
  • Simpson, SJ 1982. Patterns in feeding: a behavioural analysis using Locusta migratoria nymphs. Physiological Entomology 7: 325-336.
  • Bernays, EA and Simpson, SJ 1982. Control of food intake. Advances in Insect Physiology 16: 59-118.
  • Chapman, RF, Bernays, EA, and Simpson, SJ 1981. Attraction and repulsion of the aphid, Cavariella aegopodii, by plant odours. Journal of Chemical Ecology 7: 881-888.
  • Simpson, SJ 1981. An oscillation underlying feeding and a number of other behaviours in fifth instar Locusta migratoria nymphs. Physiological Entomology 6: 315-324.

Book Chapters

  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 2010. Hunger and satiety. In Encyclopedia of Animal Behaviour, ed M Breed and J Moore, pp. 117-126. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2010. The nutritional geometry of aging. In Calorie Restriction, Aging and Longevity, ed AV Everitt, SIS Rattan, DG Le Couteur, and R de Cabo, pp. 111-122. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Thompson, SN and Simpson, SJ 2009. Nutrition. In Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd ed., ed VH Resh and RT Cardé. New York: Academic Press.
  • Simpson, SJ and Sword, GA 2009. Phase polyphenism in locusts: mechanisms, population consequences, adaptive significance and evolution. In Phenotypic Plasticity of Insects: Mechanisms and Consequences, ed D Whitman and TN Ananthakrishnan, pp. 145-189. Einfield: Science Publishers.
  • Beekman, M, Simpson, SJ, and Sword, GA 2008. Biological foundations of swarm intelligence. In Swarm Intelligence: Introduction and Applications, ed C Blum and D Merkle. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2004. The geometry of human nutrition. Jahrbuch, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin 2002/3, 295-316.
  • Raubenheimer, D and Simpson, SJ 2004. Unravelling the tangle of nutritional complexity. Jahrbuch, Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin 2002/3, 275-294.
  • Thompson, SN and Simpson, SJ 2003. Nutrition. In Encyclopedia of Insects, ed VH Resh and R Cardé. San Diego: Elsevier Science.
  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 1999. Geometric models of macronutrient selection. In Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake, ed H-R Berthoud and RJ Seeley. pp. 29-42. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • Simpson, SJ, Raubenheimer, D, and Chambers, PG 1995. Nutritional homeostasis. In Regulatory Mechanisms of Insect Feeding, ed RF Chapman and J de Boer, pp. 251-278. New York: Chapman and Hall.
  • Simpson, SJ 1995. Regulation of a Meal: Chewing Insects. In Regulatory Mechanisms of Insect Feeding, ed RF Chapman and J de Boer, pp. 137-156. New York: Chapman and Hall.
  • Simpson, SJ, Raubenheimer, D, and Chambers, P 1992. The geometry of feeding: a new way of looking at insect nutrition. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relations, ed SBJ Menken and JH Visser, pp. 183-186. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
  • Simpson, SJ and Simpson, CL 1990. The mechanisms of nutritional compensation by phytophagous insects. In Insect-Plant Interactions II, ed EA Bernays, pp. 111-160. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • Bernays, EA and Simpson, SJ 1990. Nutrition. In A Biology of Grasshoppers, ed RF Chapman and T Joern, pp, 105-127. New York: John Wiley.
  • Simpson, SJ 1990. The pattern of feeding. In A Biology of Grasshoppers, ed RF Chapman and T Joern, pp, 73-103. New York: John Wiley.
  • Simpson, SJ 1988. The peculiar natural history of New Holland. In Australia in Oxford, ed H Morphy and E Edwards. Oxford: Pitt Rivers.

Books

  • Simpson, SJ and Raubenheimer, D 2012. The Nature of Nutrition: A Unifying Framework from Animal Adaptation to Human Obesity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Simpson, SJ and Casas, J (eds) 2010. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 39. Elsevier: Amsterdam.
  • Casas, J and Simpson, SJ (eds) 2010. Insect Integument and Colour. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 38. Elsevier: Amsterdam.
  • Simpson, SJ and Casas, J (eds) 2009. Physiology of Human and Animal Disease Vectors. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 37. Elsevier: Amsterdam.
  • Simpson, SJ and Casas, J (eds) 2009. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 36. Elsevier: Amsterdam.
  • Simpson, SJ and Casas, J (eds) 2008. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 35. Amsterdam: Elsevier
  • Simpson, SJ and Casas, J (eds) 2008. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 34. Amsterdam: Elsevier
  • Simpson, SJ (ed) 2007. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 33. Amsterdam: Elsevier
  • Simpson, SJ (ed) 2005. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 32. Amsterdam: Elsevier
  • Simpson, SJ (ed) 2003. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 31. Amsterdam: Elsevier
  • Simpson, SJ (ed) 2003. Advances in Insect Physiology, Vol. 30. Amsterdam: Elsevier
  • Simpson, SJ, Mordue, AJ, and Hardie, J 1999. Insect-Plant Relationships. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium. Dordrecht; Kluwer Academic Publishers
  • Simpson, SJ and McGavin, GC 1997. Anglers' Flies. London: Apple Press
  • Simpson, SJ and McGavin, GC 1996. The Right Fly. London: Aurum Press. A book on fly fishing for trout, introducing concepts of animal behaviour, taxonomy and entomology. Reprinted in 2002 under imprint of David & Charles Ltd.
  • Simpson, SJ and McGavin, GC 1996. The Angler's Fly Identifier. Philadelphia: Running Press Books

Selection of reviews and features on Simpson's work

  • Locust swarms: The rules of attraction. (2010) The Economist, 18 September
  • Hunger and cannibalism make locusts swarm. (2010) Planet Earth online, 27 August 2010.
  • Brainless behavior: a myxomycete chooses a balanced diet. (2010) PNAS 107, 5267-5268.
  • Q&A. (2009). Current Biology 19, R632-R633.
  • Animal behaviour: feeding the superorganism. (2009). Current Biology 19, R366.
  • Sensible swarming. (2009). Nature 457, 132.
  • The key to Pandora’s box. (2009). Science 323, 594-595.
  • Evolutionary ecology: old ideas percolate into ecology. (2009). Current Biology 19, R21-R23.
  • The hunger, the horror. New Scientist (2008) 31 May, 42-45.
  • Two “must read” features in Faculty of 1000 for Lee et al. (2008) and Bazazi et al. (2008)
  • Align in the sand. Perspective. Science (2006) 312, 1320-1322.
  • March of the locusts. Research Highlights. Nature (2006) 441, 670.
  • Push on the marching crickets. News & Views. Nature (2006) 440, 38.
  • Can the war on locusts be won? An insect's extreme makeover. Science (2004) 306, 1880-1882.
  • The Biology of an Insect Brain. By M Burrows. Nature (1997) 385, 785-786.
  • Foam turns locusts into party animals. New Scientist (1996) 6 Jan, 13.
  • Bugs in the System. By M Berenbaum. Nature (1995) 373, 842.
  • Endocrinology of Insects. By RGH Downer and H Laufer. Nature (1984) 309, 566