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Research and Publications

Research Interests

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Biological Materials: Vibrational spectroscopy is now commonly used to investigate a range of biological samples from the outermost layer of the body, the stratum corneum into its inner depths such as: gallstones, blood, hemoglobin and even DNA. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy are non-destructive, non-invasive analytical techniques that provide information about the molecular composition, structure and interactions within a sample. Potentially, these techniques can detect the biochemical changes that accompany the manifestation of predisease.

Selected Publications

  • Infrared Spectroscopy of Micro-organisms: Characterisation, Identification, and Differentiation. E. A. Carter, C. P. Marshall, M. H. M. Ali, R. Ganendren, T. C. Sorrell, L. Wright P. A. Lay, ACS Symposium Series, 2007, 963(New Approaches in Biomedical Spectroscopy), 64-84.
  • Characterisation of nanoindentation induced residual stresses in human enamel by Raman microspectroscopy, L.-H. He, E. A. Carter, M. Swain, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2007, 389(4), 1185-1192.
  • The Rio Tinto Mars Analogue Site: An Extremophilic Raman Spectroscopic Study, H. G. M. Edwards, P. Vandenabeele, S. E. Jorge-Villar, E. A. Carter, F. R. Perez, M. D. Hargreaves, ,Spectrochim. Acta, 2007, 68(4), 1133-1137.
  • Vibrational spectroscopy of extant and fossil microbes: relevance for the astrobiological exploration of Mars C. P. Marshall, E. A. Carter, S. Leuko, E. J. Javaux, Vib. Spec., 2006, 41(2), 182-189.
  • Phosopholipase B activity enhances adhesion of Cryptococcus neoformans to a human lung epithelial cell line. R. Ganendren, E. A. Carter, T. C. Sorrell, L. Wright, Microbes Infect., 2006, 8(4), 1006-1015.
  • Joint inversion of multi-modal spectroscopic data of wheat flours. R. S. Anderssen, E. Carter, B. G. Osborne, I. J. Wesley, Applied Spectroscopy 2005, 59(7), 920-925.
  • Self-assembly directed by NH-O hydrogen bonding: New layered molecular arrays derived from 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid and aliphatic diamines. R. S. Armstrong, I. M. Atkinson, E. Carter, M. S. Mahinay, B. W. Skelton, P. Turner, G. Wei, A. H. White, L. F. Lindoy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2002, 99(8), 4987-4992.
  • Synthesis of the C59N+ Carbocation. A Monomeric Azafullerene Isoelectronic to C60. K.-C. Kim, F. Hauke, A. Hirsch, P. D. Boyd, E. Carter, R. S. Armstrong, P. A. Lay, C. A. Reed, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003, 125(14), 4024-4025.
  • Monitoring the Penetration Enhancer Dimethyl Sulphoxide in Human Stratum Corneum in vivo by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy, E. A. Carter, P. J. Caspers, A. C. Williams, H. G. M. Edwards, B. W. Barry, H. A. Bruining and G. J. Puppels. Pharmaceutical Research, 2002, 19(10), 1577-1580.
  • Biological Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, Pract. Spectrosc., 2001, 24 (Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Materials), 421-475, H.-U. Gremlich and B. Yan Eds, Marcel Dekker. (Co-author: H.G.M. Edwards)
  • Applications of FT-Raman Spectroscopy, Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry. (Co-authors: R.H. Brody and H.G.M. Edwards).
  • Drug Penetration into and Permeation through Human Skin assessed by Raman Spectroscopy. A. C. Williams, E. A. Carter, H. G. M. Edwards, B. W. Barry, Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1999, 3608 (Biomedical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy), 64-72.
  • Keratin Orientation in Wool and Feathers by Polarized Raman Spectroscopy. L. Rintoul, E.A. Carter, S. D. Stewart, P. M. Fredericks, Biopolymers, 2000, 57(1), 19-28.
  • Hazards and Benefits of in-vivo Raman Spectroscopy of Human Skin. E. A. Carter, A. C. Williams, B. W. Barry, H. G. M. Edwards. Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1999, 3608 (Biomedical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy), 103-111.
  • Probing Diseased Skin with FT-Raman Spectroscopy. E. A. Carter, A. C. Williams, B. W. Barry, H. G. M. Edwards, Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 1998, 3257 (Infrared Spectroscopy: New Tool in Medicine), 72-77.
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Surface-Treated Wool. E. A. Carter, P. M. Fredericks, J. S. Church, Text. Res. J., 1996, 66(12), 787-794.
  • FT-Raman Spectroscopy of Wool-I. Preliminary studies. E. A. Carter, P. M. Fredericks, J. S. Church, R. J. Denning, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 1994, 50A(11), 1927-36.