Disorder - Hyperaldosteronism

Organ Systems Involved
Endocrine

Alternative Names
Conn’s syndrome

Presenting Signs

Aldosterone is a substance normally secreted by the adrenal glands (small glands situated on the kidneys). Its role is to regulate the levels of electrolytes (salts) in the blood. In doing this, it also regulates the volume of blood in the body. Primary hyperaldosteronism in cats is caused if there is an adrenal tumour(s) secreting excessive amounts of aldosterone. This leads to electrolyte imbalances and increased blood pressure. The signs observed when a cat is suffering from hyperaldosteronism include increased water intake, decreased appetite or problems eating, weight loss, inappropriate urination, incoordination, weakness and even blindness. Tumours of the adrenal gland are usually benign; however, there have been reported cases of malignant tumours that secrete aldosterone.

Cats at Risk

Hyperaldosteronism tends to occur in middle-aged to older cats (average age around ten years). Males and females appear to be equally at risk.

Breeds Affected
British Shorthair
Burmese
Burmilla
Persian
Siamese
Tonkinese


Treatment

Surgical and medical: surgical treatment to remove the adrenal mass (adrenalectomy) is usually the treatment of choice. If medical therapy is preferred, affected cats should be given oral spironolactone, potassium and drugs to lower blood pressure such as amlodipine.

PubMed References
Hyperaldosteronism

Contributor
Angela Ashby