Disorder - Diabetes mellitus type II

Organ Systems Involved
Endocrine

Alternative disorders described within LIDA

Pancreatic disorders; Diabetes mellitis type II; Endocrine pancreas malformations

Alternative Names
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitis

Presenting Signs

Type II Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of DM in cats. It is caused by dysfunctional beta cells, glucose toxicity and peripheral insulin resistance. Beta cells are located in the pancreas. They produce the hormone insulin, which regulates blood glucose levels. In type II DM, the insulin is unable to do its job of regulating blood glucose as the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin. Persistent high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) cause glucose to become toxic, and results in further beta cell destruction.

The classical symptoms of Type II diabetes are hyperglycaemia, glucosuria (glucose in the urine) and weight loss despite an increased appetite. The glucosuria leads to excessive urination and the cat tries to compensate by excessive thirst and drinking. Other symptoms include lethargy, dry, unkempt and lustreless coat, decreased jumping ability, hind limb weakness or incoordination when walking. Progression of DM leads to further metabolic disturbances and causes vomiting, anorexia, weakness and dehydration.

It is also reasonably common for diabetic cats to have other diseases such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer or kidney disease.

Cats at Risk

Older cats, especially if over 10 years of age; Obese cats; Desexed cats; Male cats

Breeds Affected
Burmese


Treatment

Medical: Insulin therapy is usually indicated. The goal is to normalise and stabilise blood glucose levels. A diet high in protein, low in carbohydrate and low in fibre such as Hills MD is recommended. Appropriate diet allows better control of blood glucose levels. In a minority of cats, oral hypoglycaemic agents can be given after initial insulin therapy to maintain stable blood glucose levels.

PubMed References
Diabetes mellitus type II

Contributor
Guo Hao