Disorder - Epistaxis

Organ Systems Involved
Cardiovascular

Presenting Signs

Epistaxis refers to bleeding from the nose. It can be due to causes within the nose (local) or outside the nose (systemic). Local causes of nosebleeds include trauma, infection, inflammation, cancer, foreign bodies lodged within the nose, dental disease or violent sneezing. Systemic causes such as blood clotting disorders, increased blood vessel fragility, increased red blood cell mass (polycythaemia), high blood pressure and dry air can also promote and prolong the bleeding.

Cats at Risk

Young pure-bred animals are more likely to have hereditary blood clotting disorders.

Treatment

Medical: cage rest, ice packs, minimising stress, application of pressure to the nose and sedation may all help to control bleeding. Emergency veterinary attention is required for extreme cases. Cats with severe acute haemorrhaging may require intravenous fluid therapy and/or a blood transfusion.

PubMed References
Epistaxis

Contributor
Valerie See