Disorder - Goitre, familial

Organ Systems Involved
Endocrine

Alternative Names
Congenital hypothyroidism; Congenital goiter; Inherited primary hypothyroidism

Presenting Signs

Thyroid hormones regulate the growth of the nervous system and the skeletal system. Kittens affected by familial goitre have a reduced level of thyroid hormone. They appear normal at birth, but grow much more slowly than normal kittens. Stunted growth is commonly noticed from three to eight weeks of age. In addition, they may show signs of nervous system abnormalities. Affected kittens walk or run in an unusual manner. An enlarged thyroid gland (goitre) can sometimes be felt on the front of the neck. However, the thyroid glands may be normal or smaller depending on the cause of the disease. Disproportionate dwarfism (short limbs, a large head, broad neck and round body) may develop at six to nine months of age. Hypothyroid kittens also appear quiet and drowsy, have a lack of appetite, and develop constipation, an abnormal coat and low body temperature. They are usually less responsive to environmental stimuli such as noise. Affected kittens may also have delayed development of their teeth. Many die at an early age.

Cats at Risk

Familial goitre is relatively rare in cats. A history of use of radioactive iodine therapy in the pregnant queen and taking goitre-producing substance during pregnancy are two major risk factors. There is evidence of genetic inheritance of the disease in Abyssinian cats. Lack of iodine in diet of a cat increases the risk of hypothyroidism.

Breeds Affected
Abyssinian


Treatment

Medical: oral supplement of thyroid hormone (thyroxine) is the treatment of choice. Response in affected kittens is unpredictable, and clinical signs usually resolved incompletely.

PubMed References
Goitre, familial

Contributor
Kai Yin Wong