Disorder - Spina bifida

Organ Systems Involved
Musculoskeletal

Alternative disorders described within LIDA

Spina bifida occulta; Spina bifida with radischisis; Spinal dysplasia; Spina bifida cystica

Presenting Signs

Spina bifida is a congenital problem in which the bones of the spinal cord and the associated tissue fail to fuse properly. Due to the failure of the spine to join completely, the spinal cord and surrounding tissue may protrude, and this may result in various problems for the cat. It may occur at any level along the spinal cord from the neck to the tail, but is probably most common in the area just in front of the hips. The cat often displays signs of spina bifida when it begins to walk; its condition may worsen so that it displays problems when going to the toilet, becomes weak in its back legs, and may eventually be unable to move. However, not all cats with spina bifida show symptoms.

The variation in how cats are affected has led to the classification of spina bifida into different categories. Spina bifida occulta is the most minor form and spina bifida with radischisis resulting in the most severe symptoms. The range of signs that are displayed by cats varies with the level of involvement of the spinal bones, the spinal cord, and the amount of tissue protruding from the defect.

Cats at Risk

Spina bifida can occur in all cat species. It has been reported in cats in various countries. It is more likely to occur in cats that are also predisposed to other congenital spinal problems such as abnormal tails.

Breeds Affected
Manx
Siamese


Treatment

Surgery is an option in cases where the cat does not display neurological signs. Euthanasia should be considered in cases where the cat's quality of life is deteriorating.

PubMed References
Spina bifida

Contributor
Tom Graham