Disorder - Spongiform encephalopathy

Organ Systems Involved
Nervous/sensory

Alternative Names
Feline spongiform encephalopathy; Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Presenting Signs

Spongiform encephalopathy has been diagnosed in a variety of species, with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) the most well known. The condition leads to progressive, non-reversible, degenerative changes of the brain and spinal cord and is ultimately fatal. The time from onset of signs to death or euthanasia varies from less than one month to more than five months. Clinical signs start and develop gradually over several weeks. They include behavioural changes – the affected cat becomes either increasingly timid or aggressive, or progressively dysfunctional in movement. Problems in movement may include uncoordinated hind legs and/or an inability to judge distances. In advanced cases, the cat shows fore- and hind limb incoordination, frequently with a rapid, crouching, exaggerated way of walking. Tremors, overproduction of saliva and an increased startle response to sound stimuli can also be seen. Diagnosis is difficult, and a definite diagnosis can often only be made after death on examination of the brain. When the brain is examined with a microscope, a characteristic spongy appearance can be seen.

Cats at Risk

Feline spongiform encephalopathy occurs more frequent in older (mean age 6.3 years), non pedigree, male cats. Because of long incubation periods, the incidence is low in younger animals.

Breeds Affected
Balinese
Persian
Siamese


PubMed References
Spongiform encephalopathy

Contributor
Miriam Boe