Professor Timothy Chen
People_

Professor Timothy Chen

PhD, DipHPharm, BPharm, MPS, MSHP, ARPharmS, FFIP
Professor of Medication Management
Phone
+61 2 9351 4440
Fax
+61 2 9351 4391
Professor Timothy Chen

Professor Timothy Chen is nationally and internationally renowned for his research in medication review and strategies to reduce medication related harm. His research has informed significant practice change, through the implementation of the Commonwealth Government funded Home Medicines Review (HMR) program, provided by pharmacists and GPs.He currently leads a large and productive research team including supervision of PhD, Masters and Honours candidates.

Since completing his PhD in 2002, Professor Chen has successfully supervised six PhD students to completion as main supervisor, published extensively in pharmacy, pharmacology and psychiatry journals, and has received competitive research funds of approximately $2 million. In 2010 he received the Faculty Teaching Award for research higher degree supervision.

Professor Chen is an experienced and dedicated teacher and has coordinated undergraduate and graduate units of study as well as the Master of Pharmacy program. He regularly presents at professional continuing education events, drawing on his experience in practice-based research and as both a clinical hospital pharmacist and community pharmacist.

He has been an invited presenter in more than 10 countries. He currently serves as executive committee member and vice president of the Social and Administrative Section of the International Federation of Pharmacists (FIP). He has served on a variety of national advisory boards and committees (eg NPS, APC, AACP) and is a previous recipient of the Young Australian Pharmacist of the Year medal from the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.

Professor Chen has two main areas of research interest: medication management and safety; and the quality use of psychotropic medicines.

His research in medication management and safety includes: systems for the identification of inappropriate prescribing; analysis of medication related problems; medication reconciliation; safety and organizational culture; essential medicines lists; evaluation of Residential Medication Management Review and Home Medicines Review; consumer preferences; interprofessional collaboration and communication; and professional roles for pharmacists.

His research in the quality use of psychotropic medicines includes: adherence to psychotropic medicines; patterns of use of psychotropic medicines; professionals roles for pharmacists in mental health care delivery; strategies for reducing mental health stigma; and mental health educational interventions for students and practitioners.

As a health services researcher, Professor Chen uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods.

President, International Pharmaceutical Federation – Social and Administrative Pharmacy Section (SAPS) (2014-present)

Co-Chair, International Social Pharmacy Workshop (ISPW) July 2020, The University of Sydney Australia

Mental Health Leadership Committee, Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (2018-present)

Appointed Distinguished Expert, Centre of Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China, October 26th 2017 to 2022.

Australian Award for University Teaching, Australian Government, 14th September 2017.

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy- Top Reviewers 2016, 2nd February 2017.

SUPRA Supervisor of the year 2016 Finalist, The University of Sydney, 15th November 2016.

Recipient of the 2013 Annual Best Paper Award by Elsevier publication, Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy for "Consumers' willingness to use a medication management service: the effect of medication-related worry and the social influence of the general practitioner."

Project titleResearch student
Prescribing appropriateness criteria for older Sri Lankan adultsManeesha Prasadi GODAKANDA ARACHCHIGE
The off-label use of psychotropic medicines in children and adolescentsLaila TANANA

Publications

Books

  • Chen, T., Moles, R., Nishtala, S., Basger, B. (2010). Case Studies in Practice Medication Review: A Process Guide for Pharmacists (Second Edition). Australia: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
  • Chen, T., Moles, R., Bajorek, B., Aslani, P. (2003). Case Studies in Practice: Pharmacist Only and Pharmacy Medicines: A Process Guide for Pharmacists. Sydney: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
  • Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Williams, K., Moles, R., Aslani, P., Benrimoj, S. (2002). Case Studies in Practice Medication review: A process guide for pharmacists. Australia: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.

Book Chapters

  • Mohammed, M., Moles, R., Harrison, J., Chen, T. (2019). Health Outcomes and Quality of Life. In Not known (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, (pp. V3A-59). TBC. [More Information]
  • Curley, L., Lin, J., Chen, T. (2019). Major Depressive Disorder. In Not known (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, (pp. V3A-672). TBC. [More Information]
  • Curley, L., Lin, J., Chen, T. (2019). Management of Endocrine Disorders and the Pharmacists' Role: Thyroid Disorders. In Not known (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, (pp. V3A-462). TBC. [More Information]

Journals

  • El-Den, S., Gardner, D., Carter, S., Birkness, K., Pham, L., Murphy, A., Moles, R., O'Reilly, C., Raynes-Greenow, C., Chen, T., Raduescu, C. (2024). Development and validation of measures of pharmacists’ acceptability and willingness to screen for perinatal depression. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 20(10), 995-1005. [More Information]
  • Tanana, L., Latif, A., Nishtala, P., Chen, T. (2024). Investigating Variations in Medicine Approvals for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-Country Document Analysis Comparing Drug Labeling. Journal of Attention Disorders. [More Information]
  • Fujita, K., Teichert, M., Halvorsen, K., Sato, N., Jazbar, J., Modamio, P., Waltering, I., De Wulf, I., Westerlund, T., Chen, T. (2024). Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe definition of quality indicators for pharmaceutical care: a systematic literature review and international consensus development. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 46(1), 70-79. [More Information]

Conferences

  • Nisbet, G., Jorm, C., Roberts, C., Gordon, C., Chen, T., Gentilcore, S. (2016). Peer assessment in a large scale interprofessional learning activity. OTTAWA International Conference, Perth 19-23 March 2016.
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2012). How do health care providers view patient-centered care? A qualitative study on shared decision-making and interprofessional collaboration in mental health. National Medicines Symposium 2012, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney Australia.
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2012). Medication adherence in the treatment of depression: A qualitative study of health care providers' perspectives. National Medicines Symposium 2012, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney Australia.

Report

  • Whitehead, P., Bell, S., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2007). Collaboration between community pharmacists and mental health care practitioners: a case conferencing model.
  • Aslani, P., Krass, I., Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Rose, G. (2006). A Community Pharmacist Delivered Therapeutics Outcome Monitoring Service for Hyperlipidaemia.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2004). Facilitating implementation of cognitive services: Quantification of Facilitators to accelerate uptake of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS) in community pharmacy (2003-2007)..

2024

  • El-Den, S., Gardner, D., Carter, S., Birkness, K., Pham, L., Murphy, A., Moles, R., O'Reilly, C., Raynes-Greenow, C., Chen, T., Raduescu, C. (2024). Development and validation of measures of pharmacists’ acceptability and willingness to screen for perinatal depression. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 20(10), 995-1005. [More Information]
  • Tanana, L., Latif, A., Nishtala, P., Chen, T. (2024). Investigating Variations in Medicine Approvals for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-Country Document Analysis Comparing Drug Labeling. Journal of Attention Disorders. [More Information]
  • Fujita, K., Teichert, M., Halvorsen, K., Sato, N., Jazbar, J., Modamio, P., Waltering, I., De Wulf, I., Westerlund, T., Chen, T. (2024). Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe definition of quality indicators for pharmaceutical care: a systematic literature review and international consensus development. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 46(1), 70-79. [More Information]

2023

  • Jordan, M., Mullan, J., Stewart, A., Chen, T. (2023). A pharmacist integrated into a general practice in Australia: an evolving model of care in medicines optimization. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 31(6), 608-616. [More Information]
  • Arblaster, K., Mackenzie, L., Buus, N., Chen, T., Gill, K., Gomez, L., Hamilton, D., Hancock, N., McCloughen, A., Nicholson, M., Quinn, Y., Scanlan, J., Schneider, C., Schweizer, R., Wells, K., et al (2023). Co-design and evaluation of a multidisciplinary teaching resource on mental health recovery involving people with lived experience. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. [More Information]
  • Al-Ebrahim, S., Harrison, J., Chen, T., Mohammed, M. (2023). Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures in Arabic speaking countries: A scoping review. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 19(7), 989-1006. [More Information]

2022

  • Rimal, R., Lin, J., Yan Chan, A., Chen, T., Sheridan, J., Sundram, F. (2022). A national study of the mental health literacy of community pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 18(8), 3303-3311. [More Information]
  • Jordan, M., Young-Whitford, M., Mullan, J., Stewart, A., Chen, T. (2022). A pharmacist-led intervention to improve the management of opioids in a general practice: a qualitative evaluation of participant interviews. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 44(1), 235-246. [More Information]
  • Arias, D., Carter, S., Chen, T., Moles, R. (2022). Australian care givers' knowledge of and attitudes towards paediatric fever management. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 58(1), 54-62. [More Information]

2021

  • Goradia, S., Holland, R., Alexander, S., Greenbaum, D., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2021). A new age intervention to support medication adherence. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(6), 1204-1207. [More Information]
  • Tanana, L., Latif, A., Nishtala, P., Taylor, D., Chen, T. (2021). An International Comparison of the Information in the Regulatory-Approved Drug Labeling and Prescribing Guidelines for Pediatric Depression. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 31(4), 294-309. [More Information]
  • Sawan, M., Jeon, Y., Bond, C., Hilmer, S., Chen, T., Wennekers, D., Gnjidic, D. (2021). Caregivers' experiences of medication management advice for people living with dementia at discharge. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 27(6), 1252-1261. [More Information]

2020

  • Puumalainen, E., Airaksinen, M., Jalava, S., Chen, T., Dimitrow, M. (2020). Comparison of drug-related problem risk assessment tools for older adults: a systematic review. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 76(3), 337-348. [More Information]
  • Li, R., Zaidi, S., Chen, T., Castelino, R. (2020). Effectiveness of interventions to improve adverse drug reaction reporting by healthcare professionals over the last decade: A systematic review. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 29(1), 1-8. [More Information]
  • Sato, N., Fujita, K., Kushida, K., Chen, T. (2020). Exploring the factors influencing the quality of “Health Support Pharmacy” services in Japan: Perspectives of community pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 16(12), 1686-1693. [More Information]

2019

  • Srimongkon, P., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2019). A systematic review of measures of medication adherence in consumers with unipolar depression. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(1), 3-22. [More Information]
  • Aslani, P., Hamrosi, K., Tong, V., Chen, T., Cook, J., Fois, R., McGarry, T., Moore, C., Peters, R., Spagnardi, S., et al (2019). Consumer opinions on adverse events associated with medical devices. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(5), 568-574. [More Information]
  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2019). Consumer perceptions of using social media for health purposes: Benefits and drawbacks. Health Informatics Journal, 25(4), 1661-1674. [More Information]

2018

  • Walpola, R., McLachlan, A., Chen, T. (2018). A scoping review of peer-led education in patient safety training. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 82(2), 115-123. [More Information]
  • El-Den, S., Chen, T., Moles, R., O'Reilly, C. (2018). Assessing mental health first aid skills using simulated patients. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 82(2), 185-193. [More Information]
  • Boukouvalas, E., El-Den, S., Chen, T., Moles, R., Saini, B., Bell, A., O'Reilly, C. (2018). Confidence and attitudes of pharmacy students towards suicidal crises: patient simulation using people with a lived experience. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(11), 1185-1195. [More Information]

2017

  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2017). Consumer Health-Related Activities on Social Media: Exploratory Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(10), 1-11. [More Information]
  • Nisbet, G., Jorm, C., Roberts, C., Gordon, C., Chen, T. (2017). Content validation of an interprofessional learning video peer assessment tool. BMC Medical Education, 17(1), 1-10. [More Information]
  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Schaefer, M., Chaar, B., Aslani, P. (2017). Do pharmacists use social media for patient care? International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 39(2), 364-372. [More Information]

2016

  • Sawan, M., Jeon, Y., Fois, R., Chen, T. (2016). A qualitative study exploring visible components of organizational culture: What influences the use of psychotropic medicines in nursing homes? International Psychogeriatrics, 28(10), 1725-1735. [More Information]
  • Cobaugh, D., Chen, T., Frontini, R., Hail, M., Hattingh, J., Kurosawa, N., Savio, E. (2016). Advancing responsible use of medicines globally: The revised Basel Statements. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 73(14), 1027-1028. [More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Gnjidic, D., Chen, T., Hilmer, S. (2016). Development, validation and evaluation of an electronic pharmacological tool: The Drug Burden Index Calculator. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 12(6), 865-875. [More Information]

2015

  • O'Reilly, C., Wong, E., Chen, T. (2015). A feasibility study of community pharmacists performing depression screening services. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 11(3), 364-381. [More Information]
  • El-Den, S., O'Reilly, C., Chen, T. (2015). A systematic review on the acceptability of perinatal depression screening. Journal of Affective Disorders, 188, 284-303. [More Information]
  • Lalor, D., Chen, T., Walpola, R., George, R., Ashcroft, D., Fois, R. (2015). An exploration of Australian hospital pharmacists' attitudes to patient safety. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 23(1), 67-76. [More Information]

2014

  • Richardson, T., O'Reilly, C., Chen, T. (2014). A comprehensive review of the impact of clinical pharmacy services on patient outcomes in mental health. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 36(2), 222-232. [More Information]
  • Gisev, N., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2014). A retrospective study of psychotropic drug use among individuals with mental illness issued a community treatment order. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 68(2), 236-244. [More Information]
  • Basger, B., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2014). Application of drug-related problem (DRP) classification systems: a review of the literature. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 70(7), 799-815. [More Information]

2013

  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2013). Adherence to antidepressant medications: an evaluation of community pharmacists' counseling practices. Patient Preference and Adherence, 7, 813-825. [More Information]
  • Carter, S., Moles, R., White, L., Chen, T. (2013). Consumers' willingness to use a medication management service: The effect of medication-related worry and the social influence of the general practitioner. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 9(4), 431-445. [More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2013). Health care providers' perspectives of medication adherence in the treatment of depression: a qualitative study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(10), 1657-1666. [More Information]

2012

  • Basger, B., Chen, T., Moles, R. (2012). Application of a prescribing indicators tool to assist in identifying drug-related problems in a cohort of older Australians. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 20(30 October 2012), 172-182. [More Information]
  • Gisev, N., Hartikainen, S., Chen, T., Korhonen, M., Bell, J. (2012). Effect of comorbidity on the risk of death associated with antipsychotic use among community-dwelling older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(7), 1058-1064. [More Information]
  • Nguyen, E., Chen, T., O'Reilly, C. (2012). Evaluating the impact of direct and indirect contact on the mental health stigma of pharmacy students. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(7), 1087-1098. [More Information]

2011

  • Aslani, P., Rose, G., Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Krass, I. (2011). A community pharmacist delivered adherence support service for dyslipidaemia. European Journal of Public Health, 21(5), 567-572. [More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., McLachlan, A., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2011). A retrospective study of drug-related problems in Australian aged care homes: medication reviews involving pharmacists and general practitioners. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(1), 97-103. [More Information]
  • Castelino, R., Bajorek, B., Chen, T. (2011). Are interventions recommended by pharmacists during Home Medicines Review evidence-based? Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(1), 104-110. [More Information]

2010

  • Huynh, K., Chen, T., McLachlan, A., Lalor, D., Aslani, P., Fois, R. (2010). An assessment of patient safety culture climate among Australian community pharmacies. Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Annual Conference (2010). Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association.
  • Aaltonen, E., Laine, N., Volmer, D., Gharat, M., Muceniece, R., Vitola, A., Foulon, V., Desplenter, F., Airaksinen, M., Chen, T., et al (2010). Barriers to medication counselling for people with mental health disorders: a six country study. Pharmacy Practice (Online), 8(2), 122-131. [More Information]
  • Chen, T., Moles, R., Nishtala, S., Basger, B. (2010). Case Studies in Practice Medication Review: A Process Guide for Pharmacists (Second Edition). Australia: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.

2009

  • Gisev, N., Bell, J., O'Reilly, C., Rosen, A., Chen, T. (2009). An expert panel assessment of comprehensive medication reviews for clients of community mental health teams. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45(11), 1071-1079. [More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., Fois, R., McLachlan, A., Bell, J., Kelly, P., Chen, T. (2009). Anticholinergic Activity of Commonly Prescribed Medications and Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in Older People. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 49, 1176-1184. [More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., McLachlan, A., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2009). Determinants of Antidepressant Medication Prescribing in Elderly Residents of Aged Care Homes in Australia: A Retrospective Study. The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy: the peer-reviewed journal of geriatric drug therapy, 7(4), 210-219. [More Information]

2008

  • O'Reilly, C., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T. (2008). A qualitative study of health care professionals' views on the role of pharmacists within community mental health: work in progress. From Cell to Society 7.
  • Bell, J., Aaltonen, E., Bronstein, E., Desplenter, F., Foulon, V., Vitola, A., Muceniece, R., Gharat, M., Volmer, D., Airaksinen, M., Chen, T. (2008). Attitudes of pharmacy students toward people with mental disorders, a six country study. Pharmacy World and Science, 30(5), 595-599. [More Information]
  • O'Reilly, C., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T. (2008). Exploring health care professionals. 68th World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.

2007

  • Whitehead, P., Bell, S., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2007). Collaboration between community pharmacists and mental health care practitioners: a case conferencing model.
  • Bell, J., Airaksinen, M., Lyles, A., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2007). Concordance is not synonymous with compliance or adherence. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 64(5), 710-711. [More Information]
  • Bell, J., Rosen, A., Aslani, P., Whitehead, P., Chen, T. (2007). Developing the role of pharmacists as members of community mental health teams: Perspectives of pharmacists and mental health professionals. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 3(4), 392-409. [More Information]

2006

  • Aslani, P., Krass, I., Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Rose, G. (2006). A Community Pharmacist Delivered Therapeutics Outcome Monitoring Service for Hyperlipidaemia.
  • Bell, J., Johns, R., Rose, G., Chen, T. (2006). A Comparative Study of Consumer Participation in Mental Health Pharmacy Education. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 40(10), 1759-1765. [More Information]
  • Albrecht, L., Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Williams, K., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2006). Cognitive pharmaceutical services: financial facilitators. Australian Pharmacist, 25(10), 809-816.

2005

  • Bell, J., McLachlan, A., Aslani, P., Whitehead, P., Chen, T. (2005). Community pharmacy services to optimise the use of medications for mental illness: a systematic review. Australia and New Zealand Health Policy, 2(29), 1-11. [More Information]
  • Morris, L., Chen, T. (2005). Enhancing communication between hospital and community: multidisciplinary discharge case conferences. Pharmacy World and Science, 27(2), 71-72. [More Information]
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2005). Implementation of Home Medicines Review (HMR) in Community Pharmacy. Australian Pharmacist, 24(10), 808-813.

2004

  • Aslani, P., Rose, G., Owen, L., Krass, I., Chen, T., Whitehead, P. (2004). A Therapeutics Outcome Monitoring Service For Hyperlipidaemia. Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 85(1016), 870-873.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2004). Facilitating implementation of cognitive services: Quantification of Facilitators to accelerate uptake of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS) in community pharmacy (2003-2007)..
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2004). Facilitators of practice change in community pharmacy. Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Conference, Melbourne, Vic: Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association.

2003

  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P., Gadiel, D., Riddoutt, L. (2003). An investigation into business and professional facilitators for change for the pharmacy profession in light of the Third Guild/Government Agreement.
  • Bajorek, B., Gelgor, L., Chen, T. (2003). Assessing and treating lower back pain. Pharmacy News, 11.
  • Chen, T., Moles, R., Bajorek, B., Aslani, P. (2003). Case Studies in Practice: Pharmacist Only and Pharmacy Medicines: A Process Guide for Pharmacists. Sydney: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.

2002

  • de Almeida Neto, A., Chen, T., Chan, J. (2002). "Order effect" in the provision of medication information. Medical Journal of Australia, 176(8), 401-402. [More Information]
  • Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Williams, K., Moles, R., Aslani, P., Benrimoj, S. (2002). A dizzy diabetic. Australian Pharmacist, , 856-860.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2002). A qualititative investigation of practice change in community pharmacy. Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Annual Conference, Web: Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association.

2001

  • Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2001). Clinical pharmacy practice program - from student evaluations to course changes. CHS Education Congerence, : Ads & Adea.
  • Chen, T., Crampton, M., Krass, I., Benrimoj, S. (2001). Collaboration between community pharmacists and GPs - impact on interprofessional communication. Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 18(3), 83-90.
  • Hourihan, F., Krass, I., Chen, T., Coper,, L. (2001). Consumer evaluation of a pharmacy based health promotion and screening service in rural NSW.

Selected Grants

2025

  • The general practice and residential aged care study of Telehealth augmented best-practice care exploring safety, quality, acceptability and sustainability: "The GRACE-Telehealth Study, Makeham M, Baysari M, Von Huben A, Tyagi V, Luscombe G, McCormack B, Chen T, Russell H, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Targeted Call for Research (TCR): Ensuring the quality and safety of telehealth 2023

2024

  • The General Practice and Residential Aged Care Study of Virtual Care Models (The Grace-VC Study): Implementing safe, person-centred virtual care for residents, Makeham M, Baysari M, Luscombe G, McCormack B, Robinson F, Chen T, Russell H, Chua A, Department of Health and Aged Care (Federal - administered by NHMRC)/MRFF CRI 2023 Clinician Researchers: Applied Research in Health

2018

  • Walpola, R., McLachlan, A., Chen, T. (2018). A scoping review of peer-led education in patient safety training.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 82(2), 115-123.[More Information]
  • Srimongkon, P., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2018). A systematic review of measures of medication adherence in consumers with unipolar depression.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy.[More Information]
  • El-Den, S., Chen, T., Moles, R., O�Reilly, C. (2018). Assessing mental health first aid skills using simulated patients.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 82(2), 185-193.[More Information]
  • Boukouvalas, E., El-Den, S., Chen, T., Moles, R., Saini, B., Bell, A., O'Reilly, C. (2018). Confidence and attitudes of pharmacy students towards suicidal crises: patient simulation using people with a lived experience.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(11), 1185-1195.[More Information]
  • Aslani, P., Hamrosi, K., Tong, V., Chen, T., Cook, J., Fois, R., McGarry, T., Moore, C., Peters, R., Spagnardi, S., et al (2018). Consumer opinions on adverse events associated with medicines and vaccines.Patient Preference and Adherence, 12, 1383-1392.[More Information]
  • Srimongkon, P., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2018). Consumer-related factors influencing antidepressant adherence in unipolar depression: a qualitative study.Patient Preference and Adherence, 12, 1863-1873.[More Information]
  • Mohammed, A., Moles, R., Hilmer, S., Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Chen, T. (2018). Development and validation of an instrument for measuring the burden of medicine on functioning and well-being: The Medication-Related Burden Quality of Life (MRB-QoL) tool.BMJ Open, 8(1).[More Information]
  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Aslania, P. (2018). How patients� use of social media impacts their interactions with healthcare professionals.Patient Education and Counseling, 101(3), 439-444.[More Information]
  • Sawan, M., Chen, T., Jeon, Y., Hilmer, S. (2018). Interventions to Reduce Antipsychotic Prescribing in Nursing Homes Must Cross Healthcare Silos.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(6), 1235-1236.[More Information]
  • Mohammed, M., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2018). Pharmaceutical care and health related quality of life outcomes over the past 25�years: Have we measured dimensions that really matter?International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 40(1), 3-14.[More Information]
  • Fujita, K., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2018). Quality indicators for responsible use of medicines: a systematic review.BMJ Open, 8(7), 1-21.[More Information]
  • Sawan, M., Jeon, Y., Chen, T. (2018). Relationship between Organizational Culture and the Use of Psychotropic Medicines in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Integrative Review.Drugs and Aging, 35(3), 189-211.[More Information]
  • Sawan, M., Jeon, Y., Chen, T. (2018). Shaping the use of psychotropic medicines in nursing homes: A qualitative study on organisational culture.Social Science and Medicine, 202, 70-78.[More Information]
  • El-Den, S., Chen, T., Gan, Y., Wong, E., O'Reilly, C. (2018). The psychometric properties of depression screening tools in primary healthcare settings: A systematic review.Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 503-522.[More Information]

2017

  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2017). Consumer Health-Related Activities on Social Media: Exploratory Study.Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(10), 1-11.[More Information]
  • Nisbet, G., Jorm, C., Roberts, C., Gordon, C., Chen, T. (2017). Content validation of an interprofessional learning video peer assessment tool.BMC Medical Education, 17(1), 1-10.[More Information]
  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Schaefer, M., Chaar, B., Aslani, P. (2017). Do pharmacists use social media for patient care?International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 39(2), 364-372.[More Information]
  • Walpola, R., Fois, R., McLachlan, A., Chen, T. (2017). Evaluating the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve the patient safety attitudes of intern pharmacists.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 81(1), 1-7.[More Information]
  • Walpola, R., Chen, T., Fois, R., Ashcroft, D., Lalor, D. (2017). Evaluation of a survey tool to measure safety climate in Australian hospital pharmacy staff.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 13(4), 789-795.[More Information]
  • Sawan, M., Jeon, Y., Fois, R., Chen, T. (2017). Exploring the link between organizational climate and the use of psychotropic medicines in nursing homes: A qualitative study.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 13(3), 513-523.[More Information]
  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Schaefer, M., Chaar, B., Aslani, P. (2017). Pharmacists� perceptions of professionalism on social networking sites.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 13(3), 575-588.[More Information]

2016

  • Sawan, M., Jeon, Y., Fois, R., Chen, T. (2016). A qualitative study exploring visible components of organizational culture: What influences the use of psychotropic medicines in nursing homes?International Psychogeriatrics, 28(10), 1725-1735.[More Information]
  • Cobaugh, D., Chen, T., Frontini, R., Hail, M., Hattingh, J., Kurosawa, N., Savio, E. (2016). Advancing responsible use of medicines globally: The revised Basel Statements.American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 73(14), 1027-1028.[More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Gnjidic, D., Chen, T., Hilmer, S. (2016). Development, validation and evaluation of an electronic pharmacological tool: The Drug Burden Index Calculator.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 12(6), 865-875.[More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Chen, T., Gnjidic, D., Hilmer, S. (2016). Education and Assessment of Pharmacists on the Use of the Drug Burden Index in Older Adults Using a Continuing Professional Development Education Method.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 80(4), 1-7.[More Information]
  • Murphy, A., Martin-Misener, R., Kutcher, S., O'Reilly, C., Chen, T., Gardner, D. (2016). From personal crisis care to convenience shopping: an interpretive description of the experiences of people with mental illness and addictions in community pharmacies.BMC Health Services Research, 16(1), 1-14.[More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Gnjidic, D., Reeve, E., Chen, T., Hilmer, S. (2016). Health care practitioners' perspectives on deprescribing anticholinergic and sedative medications in older adults.Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 50(8), 625-636.[More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Gnjidic, D., Reeve, E., Chen, T., Hilmer, S. (2016). Health Care Practitioners' Perspectives on Deprescribing Anticholinergic and Sedative Medications in Older Adults.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 50(8), 625-636.[More Information]
  • Mohammed, M., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2016). Impact of Pharmaceutical Care Interventions on Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 50(10), 862-881.[More Information]
  • Nisbet, G., Gordon, C., Jorm, C., Chen, T. (2016). Influencing student attitudes through a student-directed interprofessional learning activity: A pilot study.International Journal of Practice-based Learning in Health and Social Care, 4(1), 1-15.[More Information]
  • Alldred, D., Kennedy, M., Hughes, C., Chen, T., Miller, P. (2016). Interventions to optimise prescribing for older people in care homes.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016 (2), 1-68.[More Information]
  • Foppe van Mil, J., Westerlund, T., Brown, L., Chen, T., Henman, M., Hersberger, K., McElnay, J., Schulz, M. (2016). Medical care and drug-related problems: Do doctors and pharmacists speak the same language?International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(2), 191-194.[More Information]
  • Mohammed, M., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2016). Medication-related burden and patients' lived experience with medicine: A systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies.BMJ Open, 6(2), 1-16.[More Information]
  • Mohammed, M., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2016). Meta-synthesis of qualitative research: the challenges and opportunities.International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(3), 695-704.[More Information]
  • Nisbet, G., Jorm, C., Roberts, C., Gordon, C., Chen, T., Gentilcore, S. (2016). Peer assessment in a large scale interprofessional learning activity.OTTAWA International Conference, Perth 19-23 March 2016.
  • Chen, T. (2016). Pharmacist-Led Home Medicines Review and Residential Medication Management Review: The Australian Model.Drugs and Aging, 33(3), 199-204.[More Information]
  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Schaefer, M., Chaar, B., Aslani, P. (2016). Professional use of social media by pharmacists: A qualitative study.Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(9), 1-11.[More Information]
  • Ye, J., Chen, T., Paul, D., McCahon, R., Shankar, S., Rosen, A., O'Reilly, C. (2016). Stigma and discrimination experienced by people living with severe and persistent mental illness in assertive community treatment settings.International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 62(6), 532-541.[More Information]
  • Almanasreh, E., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2016). The medication reconciliation process and classification of discrepancies: a systematic review.British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 82(3), 645-658.[More Information]
  • Carter, S., Moles, R., White, L., Chen, T. (2016). The willingness of informal caregivers to assist their care-recipient to use Home Medicines Review.Health Expectations, 19(3), 527-542.[More Information]
  • Jorm, C., Nisbet, G., Roberts, C., Gordon, C., Gentilcore, S., Chen, T. (2016). Using complexity theory to develop a student-directed interprofessional learning activity for 1220 healthcare students.BMC Medical Education, 16(1), 1-15.[More Information]
  • Chen, T., Hughes, C. (2016). Why have a special issue on methods used in clinical pharmacy practice research?International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 38(3), 599-600.[More Information]

2015

  • O'Reilly, C., Wong, E., Chen, T. (2015). A feasibility study of community pharmacists performing depression screening services.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 11(3), 364-381.[More Information]
  • El-Den, S., O'Reilly, C., Chen, T. (2015). A systematic review on the acceptability of perinatal depression screening.Journal of Affective Disorders, 188, 284-303.[More Information]
  • Lalor, D., Chen, T., Walpola, R., George, R., Ashcroft, D., Fois, R. (2015). An exploration of Australian hospital pharmacists' attitudes to patient safety.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 23(1), 67-76.[More Information]
  • Murphy, A., Gardner, D., Chen, T., O'Reilly, C., Kutcher, S. (2015). Community pharmacists and the assessment and management of suicide risk.Canadian Pharmacists Journal, 148(4), 171-175.[More Information]
  • Basger, B., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2015). Development of an Aggregated System for Classifying Causes of Drug-Related Problems.Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 49(4), 405-418.[More Information]
  • Duong, M., Moles, R., Chaar, B., Chen, T. (2015). Essential Medicines in a High Income Country: Essential to Whom?PloS One, 10(12), 1-14.[More Information]
  • Walpola, R., Fois, R., McLachlan, A., Chen, T. (2015). Evaluating the effectiveness of a peer-led education intervention to improve the patient safety attitudes of junior pharmacy students: a cross-sectional study using a latent growth curve modelling approach.BMJ Open, 5(12), 1-7.[More Information]
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Kelly, P., Chen, T. (2015). Exploring the relationship between mental health stigma, knowledge and provision of pharmacy services for consumers with schizophrenia.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 11(3), e101-e109.[More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Chen, T., Hilmer, S. (2015). First do no harm: a real need to deprescribe in older patients.Medical Journal of Australia, 202(4), 178-179.[More Information]
  • Basger, B., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2015). Impact of an enhanced pharmacy discharge service on prescribing appropriateness criteria: a randomised controlled trial.International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 37(6), 1194-1205.[More Information]
  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Spagnardi, S., Beer, T., Aslani, P. (2015). Provision of a Medicines Information Service to Consumers on Facebook: An Australian Case Study.Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(11), 1-10.[More Information]
  • Ho, S., McLachlan, A., Chen, T., Hibbs, D., Fois, R. (2015). Relationships Between Pharmacovigilance, Molecular, Structural, and Pathway Data: Revealing Mechanisms for Immune-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury.CPT: Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, 4(7), 426-441.[More Information]
  • Carter, S., Moles, R., White, L., Chen, T. (2015). The impact of patients' perceptions of the listening skills of the pharmacist on their willingness to re-use Home Medicines Reviews: a structural equation model.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 11(2), 163-175.[More Information]
  • Benetoli, A., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2015). The use of social media in pharmacy practice and education.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 11(1), 1-46.[More Information]
  • Walpola, R., Fois, R., Carter, S., McLachlan, A., Chen, T. (2015). Validation of a survey tool to assess the patient safety attitudes of pharmacy students.BMJ Open, 5(9), 1-9.[More Information]
  • Penm, J., Chaar, B., Chen, T., Moles, R. (2015). World hospital pharmacy research consortium.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 23(2), 93-94.[More Information]

2014

  • Richardson, T., O'Reilly, C., Chen, T. (2014). A comprehensive review of the impact of clinical pharmacy services on patient outcomes in mental health.International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 36(2), 222-232.[More Information]
  • Gisev, N., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2014). A retrospective study of psychotropic drug use among individuals with mental illness issued a community treatment order.International Journal of Clinical Practice, 68(2), 236-244.[More Information]
  • Basger, B., Moles, R., Chen, T. (2014). Application of drug-related problem (DRP) classification systems: a review of the literature.European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 70(7), 799-815.[More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Hilmer, S., Chen, T., Le Couteur, D., Gnjidic, D. (2014). Assessing the harms of polypharmacy requires careful interpretation and consistent definitions.British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 78(3), 670-671.[More Information]
  • Liekens, S., Aslani, P., Chen, T., Roter, D., Larson, S., Smits, T., Laekeman, G., Foulon, V. (2014). Content coding of pharmacist-patient interactions in medication counseling in mental health.Patient Education and Counseling, 97(1), 140-143.[More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Gnjidic, D., Chen, T., Mangoni, A., Hilmer, S. (2014). Drug Burden Index in older adults: theoretical and practical issues.Clinical Interventions in Aging, 9, 1503-1515.[More Information]
  • Richardson, T., O'Reilly, C., Chen, T. (2014). Drug-related problems and the clinical role of pharmacists in inpatient mental health: an insight into practice in Australia.International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 36(5), 1077-1086.[More Information]
  • Gisev, N., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2014). Factors associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy and high-dose antipsychotics among individuals receiving compulsory treatment in the community.Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 34(3), 307-312.[More Information]
  • Kouladjian-O'Donnell, L., Gnjidic, D., Chen, T., Hilmer, S. (2014). Modifications to the Drug Burden Index Calculation May Limit Interpretation of its Association with Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults.Neurocritical Care, 21(2), 365-366.[More Information]
  • Rubio-Valera, M., Chen, T., O'Reilly, C. (2014). New roles for pharmacists in community mental health care: a narrative review.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(10), 10967-10990.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2014). Pharmacist-patient communication on use of antidepressants: A simulated patient study in community pharmacy.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 10(2), 419-437.[More Information]

2013

  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2013). Adherence to antidepressant medications: an evaluation of community pharmacists' counseling practices.Patient Preference and Adherence, 7, 813-825.[More Information]
  • Carter, S., Moles, R., White, L., Chen, T. (2013). Consumers' willingness to use a medication management service: The effect of medication-related worry and the social influence of the general practitioner.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 9(4), 431-445.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2013). Health care providers' perspectives of medication adherence in the treatment of depression: a qualitative study.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48(10), 1657-1666.[More Information]
  • Gisev, N., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2013). Interrater agreement and interrater reliability: Key concepts, approaches, and applications.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 9(3), 330-338.[More Information]
  • Alldred, D., Raynor, D., Hughes, C., Barber, N., Chen, T., Spoor, P. (2013). Interventions to optimise prescribing for older people in care homes.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 1-52.[More Information]
  • Carter, S., Moles, R., White, L., Chen, T. (2013). Medication information seeking behavior of patients who use multiple medicines: how does it affect adherence?Patient Education and Counseling, 92(1), 74-80.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2013). Multiple perspectives on shared decision-making and interprofessional collaboration in mental healthcare.Journal of Interprofessional Care, 27(3), 223-230.[More Information]
  • Gisev, N., Bell, S., Chen, T. (2013). Psychotropic drug-regimen changes between community treatment orders.Australasian Psychiatry, 21(4), 411-412.[More Information]
  • Guastella, A., Hickie, I., McGuinness, M., Otis, M., Woods, E., Disinger, H., Chan, H., Chen, T., Banati, R. (2013). Recommendations for the standardisation of oxytocin nasal administration and guidelines for its reporting in human research.Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(5), 612-625.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2013). Shared decision-making and interprofessional collaboration in mental healthcare: a qualitative study exploring perceptions of barriers and facilitators.Journal of Interprofessional Care, 27(5), 373-379.[More Information]
  • Guastella, A., Alvares, G., Hickie, I., Chan, H., Chen, T., Banati, R. (2013). Unitary hormonal models, peripheral markers, and evaluation of response to drug: A response to Weisman and Feldman.Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38, 627-628.[More Information]

2012

  • Basger, B., Chen, T., Moles, R. (2012). Application of a prescribing indicators tool to assist in identifying drug-related problems in a cohort of older Australians.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 20(30 October 2012), 172-182.[More Information]
  • Gisev, N., Hartikainen, S., Chen, T., Korhonen, M., Bell, J. (2012). Effect of comorbidity on the risk of death associated with antipsychotic use among community-dwelling older adults.International Psychogeriatrics, 24(7), 1058-1064.[More Information]
  • Nguyen, E., Chen, T., O'Reilly, C. (2012). Evaluating the impact of direct and indirect contact on the mental health stigma of pharmacy students.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(7), 1087-1098.[More Information]
  • Carter, S., Moles, R., White, L., Chen, T. (2012). Exploring patients' motivation to participate in Australia's Home Medicines Review program.International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 34(4), 658-666.[More Information]
  • Carter, S., Chen, T., White, L. (2012). Home Medicines Reviews: a quantitative study of the views of recipients and eligible non-recipients.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 20(4), 209-217.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2012). How do health care providers view patient-centered care? A qualitative study on shared decision-making and interprofessional collaboration in mental health.National Medicines Symposium 2012, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney Australia.
  • Bell, S., Le Couteur, D., McLachlan, A., Chen, T., Moles, R., Basger, B., Hilmer, S. (2012). Improving medicine selection for older people: Do we need an Australian classification for inappropriate medicines use?Australian Family Physician, 41(1/2), 9-10.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2012). Medication adherence in the treatment of depression: A qualitative study of health care providers' perspectives.National Medicines Symposium 2012, Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre, Sydney Australia.
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2012). Mental health consumers and caregivers as instructors for health professional students: a qualitative study.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(4), 607-613.[More Information]
  • Carter, S., Moles, R., White, L., Chen, T. (2012). Patients' willingness to use a pharmacist-provided medication management service: The influence of outcome expectancies and communication efficacy.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 8(6), 487-498.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2012). Understanding Barriers and Facilitators of Shared Decision-Making and Inter-professional Collaboration in Mental Healthcare: A Qualitive Study.17th International Social Pharmacy Workshop, United States: Elsevier B.V.
  • Basger, B., Chen, T., Moles, R. (2012). Validation of prescribing appropriateness criteria for older Australians using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method.BMJ Open, 2(5), 1-20.[More Information]

2011

  • Aslani, P., Rose, G., Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Krass, I. (2011). A community pharmacist delivered adherence support service for dyslipidaemia.European Journal of Public Health, 21(5), 567-572.[More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., McLachlan, A., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2011). A retrospective study of drug-related problems in Australian aged care homes: medication reviews involving pharmacists and general practitioners.Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(1), 97-103.[More Information]
  • Castelino, R., Bajorek, B., Chen, T. (2011). Are interventions recommended by pharmacists during Home Medicines Review evidence-based?Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(1), 104-110.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2011). Effectiveness of interventions to improve antidepressant medication adherence: a systematic review.International Journal of Clinical Practice, 65(9), 954-975.[More Information]
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2011). Effectiveness of interventions to improve antidepressant medication adherence: A systematic review.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association (2011), Unkown: University Of South Australia.
  • Andrade, T., Jabbur-Lopes, M., Oliveira Filho, A., Chen, T., Lyra Junior, D. (2011). Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Counseling after Hospital Discharge of Post-Surgery patients.Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 30(1), 107-111.
  • Chong, W., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2011). Health care providers' perspectives of medication adherence in the treatment of depression: A qualitative study.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association (2011), Unkown: University Of South Australia.
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Kelly, P., Chen, T. (2011). Impact of mental health first aid training on pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviour: a controlled trial.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(7), 549-557.[More Information]
  • Alldred, D., Raynor, D., Huges, C., Barber, N., Chen, T., Spoor, P. (2011). Interventions to optimise prescribing for older people in carehomes (Protocol).Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD009095.
  • Gisev, N., Hartikainen, S., Chen, T., Korhonen, M., Bell, J. (2011). Mortality associated with benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs among community-dwelling older people in Finland: a population-based retrospective cohort study.The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (online), 56(6), 377-381.[More Information]
  • Fois, R., Huynh, K., Chen, T., McLachlan, A., Lalor, D., Aslani, P. (2011). Patient safety culture climate among Australian community pharmacies.2011 Primary Health Care Research Conference, Brisbane: Primary Health Care Research and Information Service.

2010

  • Aslani, P., Rose, G., Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Krass, I. (2010). A community pharmacist delivered adherence support service for dyslipidaemia.European Journal of Public Health, 21(5), 567-572.[More Information]
  • Huynh, K., Chen, T., McLachlan, A., Lalor, D., Aslani, P., Fois, R. (2010). An assessment of patient safety culture climate among Australian community pharmacies.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Annual Conference (2010). Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association.
  • Aaltonen, E., Laine, N., Volmer, D., Gharat, M., Muceniece, R., Vitola, A., Foulon, V., Desplenter, F., Airaksinen, M., Chen, T., et al (2010). Barriers to medication counselling for people with mental health disorders: a six country study.Pharmacy Practice (Online), 8(2), 122-131.
  • Chen, T., Moles, R., Nishtala, S., Basger, B. (2010).Case Studies in Practice Medication Review: A Process Guide for Pharmacists (Second Edition). Australia: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
  • Bell, J., Aaltonen, E., Airaksinen, M., Volmer, D., Gharat, M., Muceniece, R., Vitola, A., Foulon, V., Desplenter, F., Chen, T. (2010). Determinants of mental health stigma among pharmacy students in Australia, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, India and Latvia.International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 56(1), 3-14.[More Information]
  • Castelino, R., Hilmer, S., Bajorek, B., Nishtala, S., Chen, T. (2010). Drug Burden Index and potentially inappropriate medications in community-dwelling older people: the impact of Home Medicines Review.Drugs and Aging, 27(2), 135-148.[More Information]
  • Ellitt, G., Engblom, E., Aslani, P., Westerlund, T., Chen, T. (2010). Drug related problems after discharge from an Australian teaching hospital.Pharmacy World and Science, 32, 622-630.[More Information]
  • Foulon, V., Svala, A., Koskinen, H., Chen, T., Saastamoinen, L., Bell, J. (2010). Impact of Regulatory Safety Warnings on the Use of Antidepressants among Children and Adolescents in Finland.Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 20(2), 145-150.[More Information]
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2010). INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT: Consumer-led Mental Health Education for Pharmacy Students.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 74(9), 167-1-167-8.[More Information]
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2010). Mental health first aid training for pharmacy students: does it improve mental health literacy?16th International Social Pharmacy Workshop. Rogers Publishing Ltd.
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2010). Pharmacists beliefs about the helpfulness of interventions in mental illness.70th World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Spain: Not Published.
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2010). Pharmacists' beliefs about treatments and outcomes of mental disorders: a mental health literacy survey.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(12), 1089-1096.[More Information]
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2010). Pharmacy students' stigma and attitudes toward providing pharmaceutical services: the impact of mental health consumer educators.16th International Social Pharmacy Workshop. Rogers Publishing Ltd.
  • O'Reilly, C., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2010). Reducing mental health stigma: development of an e-learning program for pharmacists.70th World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Spain: Not Published.
  • Castelino, R., Bajorek, B., Chen, T. (2010). Retrospective Evaluation of Home Medicines Review by Pharmacists in Older Australian Patients Using the Medication Appropriateness Index.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 44(12), 1922-1929.[More Information]
  • Rickles, N., Bell, J., Chen, T., Foulon, V., O'Reilly, C., Liekens, S. (2010). Understanding and resolving barriers to the community pharmacist's provision of services to Individuals with mental illness.16th International Social Pharmacy Workshop. Rogers Publishing Ltd.
  • Castelino, R., Chen, T., Guddattu, V., Bajorek, B. (2010). Use of evidence-based therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular events among older people.Evaluation and the Health Professions, 33(3), 276-301.[More Information]

2009

  • Gisev, N., Bell, J., O'Reilly, C., Rosen, A., Chen, T. (2009). An expert panel assessment of comprehensive medication reviews for clients of community mental health teams.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, , 1-9.[More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., Fois, R., McLachlan, A., Bell, J., Kelly, P., Chen, T. (2009). Anticholinergic Activity of Commonly Prescribed Medications and Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in Older People.The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 49, 1176-1184.[More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., McLachlan, A., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2009). Determinants of Antidepressant Medication Prescribing in Elderly Residents of Aged Care Homes in Australia: A Retrospective Study.The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy: the peer-reviewed journal of geriatric drug therapy, 7(4), 210-219.[More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., McLachlan, A., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2009). Determinants of antipsychotic medication use among older people living in aged care homes in Australia.International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, , 1-9.[More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., Hilmer, S., McLachlan, A., Hannan, P., Chen, T. (2009). Impact of Residential Medication Management Reviews on Drug Burden Index in Aged-Care Homes - A Retrospective Analysis.Drugs and Aging, 26(8), 677-686.[More Information]
  • Aslani, P., Chen, T., de Almeida Neto, A. (2009). Improving adherence to prescribed drugs.BMJ: British Medical Journal, 339, 586-587.
  • Chen, T., Gisev, N., O'Reilly, C., Nishtala, S., Bell, J. (2009). Mind games: pharmacists and mental health.Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 90(1069), 70-72.
  • Ellitt, G., Brien, J., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2009). Quality Patient Care and Pharmacists' Role in Its Continuity - A Systematic Review.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 43(4), 677-691.[More Information]
  • Eriksson, C., McLachlan, A., Chen, T., Nishtala, S., Fois, R. (2009). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy and neurological and psychiatric adverse events.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association (APSA) Annual Conference (2009) Aus-CRS Symposium, Mount Waverley, Melbourne, Australia: Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association.
  • Castelino, R., Bajorek, B., Chen, T. (2009). Targeting Suboptimal Prescribing in the Elderly: A Review of the Impact of Pharmacy Services.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 43(6), 1096-1106.[More Information]
  • Bell, J., O'Reilly, C., Chen, T. (2009). Use of Consumer Educators in Mental Health Pharmacy Education.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 73.

2008

  • O'Reilly, C., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T. (2008). A qualitative study of health care professionals' views on the role of pharmacists within community mental health: work in progress.From Cell to Society 7.
  • Bell, J., Aaltonen, E., Bronstein, E., Desplenter, F., Foulon, V., Vitola, A., Muceniece, R., Gharat, M., Volmer, D., Airaksinen, M., Chen, T. (2008). Attitudes of pharmacy students toward people with mental disorders, a six country study.Pharmacy World and Science, 30(5), 595-599.[More Information]
  • O'Reilly, C., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T. (2008). Exploring health care professionals.68th World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
  • Basger, B., Chen, T., Moles, R. (2008). Inappropriate medication use and prescribing indicators in elderly Australians: Development of a Prescribing Indicators Tool.Drugs and Aging, 25(9), 777-793.[More Information]
  • Ellitt, G., Aslani, P., Ng, K., Chen, T. (2008). Measuring drug related problems as an outcome of home medicines review.Biennial Faculties of Health Research Conference: From Cell to Society 6, Australia: Faculty of Health Science, The University of Sydney.
  • O'Reilly, C., Foulon, V., Bell, J., Moles, R., Kritikos, V., Chen, T. (2008). Mental health pharmacy education - a qualitative evaluation.Australian Pharmacist, 27(12), 1030-1030.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2008). Practice change in community pharmacy: Quantification of facilitators.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 42(6), 861-868.[More Information]
  • Nishtala, S., McLachlan, A., Bell, J., Chen, T. (2008). Psychotropic prescribing in long-term care facilities: Impact of medication reviews and educational interventions.American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(8), 621-632.[More Information]
  • de Almeida Neto, A., Chen, T. (2008). When pharmacotherapeutic recommendations may lead to the reverse effect on physician decision-making.Pharmacy World and Science, 30(1), 3-8.[More Information]

2007

  • Whitehead, P., Bell, S., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2007).Collaboration between community pharmacists and mental health care practitioners: a case conferencing model.
  • Bell, J., Airaksinen, M., Lyles, A., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2007). Concordance is not synonymous with compliance or adherence.British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 64(5), 710-711.[More Information]
  • Bell, J., Rosen, A., Aslani, P., Whitehead, P., Chen, T. (2007). Developing the role of pharmacists as members of community mental health teams: Perspectives of pharmacists and mental health professionals.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 3(4), 392-409.[More Information]
  • Chen, T., de Almeida Neto, A. (2007). Exploring elements of interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and physicians in medication review.Pharmacy World and Science, 29(6), 574-576.[More Information]
  • Bell, S., Nishtala, S., Aaltonen, E., Chen, T. (2007). Inappropriate use of Psychotropic Medicines among older people; Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies.Dosis, 23(4), 292-302.
  • Bell, J., Aslani, P., McLachlan, A., Whitehead, P., Chen, T. (2007). Mental health case conferences in primary care: content and treatment decision making.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 3(1), 86-103.[More Information]
  • Smith, L., Saini, B., Krass, I., Chen, T., Bosnic-Anticevich, S., Sainsbury, E. (2007). Pharmacy students' approaches to learning in an Australian university.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 71(6), 120-1-120-8.[More Information]

2006

  • Aslani, P., Krass, I., Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Rose, G. (2006).A Community Pharmacist Delivered Therapeutics Outcome Monitoring Service for Hyperlipidaemia.
  • Bell, J., Johns, R., Rose, G., Chen, T. (2006). A Comparative Study of Consumer Participation in Mental Health Pharmacy Education.The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 40(10), 1759-1765.[More Information]
  • Albrecht, L., Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Williams, K., Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2006). Cognitive pharmaceutical services: financial facilitators.Australian Pharmacist, 25(10), 809-816.
  • Bell, J., Whitehead, P., Aslani, P., Sacker, S., Chen, T. (2006). Design and Implementation of an Educational Partnership Between Community Pharmacists and Consumer Educators in Mental Health Care.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(2), Article 28-1-28-6.[More Information]
  • Bell, J., Whitehead, P., Aslani, P., McLachlan, A., Chen, T. (2006). Drug-Related Problems in the Community Setting - Pharmacists' Findings and Recommendations for People with Mental Illnesses.Clinical Drug Investigation, 26(7), 415-425.[More Information]
  • Harding, A., Whitehead, P., Aslani, P., Chen, T. (2006). Factors affecting the recruitment and retention of pharmacists to practice sites in rural and remote areas of Australia - a qualitative study.Australian Journal of Rural Health.[More Information]
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2006). Implementing cognitive services in community pharmacy: a review of facilitators used in practice change.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 14(3), 163-170.[More Information]
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2006). Implementing cognitive services in community pharmacy: a review of models and frameworks for change.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 14(2), 105-113.[More Information]
  • Bell, J., Johns, R., Chen, T. (2006). Pharmacy Students' and Graduates' Attitudes Towards People With Schizophrenia and Severe Depression.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(4), 77-1-77-6.[More Information]
  • Gisev, N., Bell, J., McLachlan, A., Chetty, M., Chen, T. (2006). Psychiatric Drug Use Among Patients of a Community Mental Health Service: Patterns and Implications.Disease Management and Health Outcomes, 14(6), 369-376.[More Information]

2005

  • Bell, J., McLachlan, A., Aslani, P., Whitehead, P., Chen, T. (2005). Community pharmacy services to optimise the use of medications for mental illness: a systematic review.Australia and New Zealand Health Policy, 2(29), 1-11.[More Information]
  • Morris, L., Chen, T. (2005). Enhancing communication between hospital and community: multidisciplinary discharge case conferences.Pharmacy World and Science, 27(2), 71-72.[More Information]
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2005). Implementation of Home Medicines Review (HMR) in Community Pharmacy.Australian Pharmacist, 24(10), 808-813.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2005). Implementing change in community pharmacy: facilitating factors.Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Working Conference, Not Published: Not Published.
  • Bell, J., Chen, T. (2005). Improving medication safety: An Australian perspective.International Pharmacy Journal, 19, 24-26.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Hopp, T., Aslani, P. (2005). Understanding practice change in community pharmacy: A qualitative study in Australia.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 1(4), 546-564.[More Information]

2004

  • Aslani, P., Rose, G., Owen, L., Krass, I., Chen, T., Whitehead, P. (2004). A Therapeutics Outcome Monitoring Service For Hyperlipidaemia.Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 85(1016), 870-873.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2004).Facilitating implementation of cognitive services: Quantification of Facilitators to accelerate uptake of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS) in community pharmacy (2003-2007).
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2004). Facilitators of practice change in community pharmacy.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Conference, Melbourne, Vic: Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2004). Implementing change in community pharmacy: what makes it easier.College of Health Sciences Fourth Research Conference, Not Published: Not Published.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2004). Innovation in Australian community pharmacies: Characteristics of adopters.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Conference, Melbourne, Vic: Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association.
  • Ellitt, G., Aslani, P., Brien, J., Whitehead, P., Ng, K., Chen, T. (2004). Is inter-disciplinary collaboration the answer to continuity of patient care?From Cell to Society, College of Health Sciences, University of Sydney Research Conference.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2004).Quantification of facilitators to accelerate uptake of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS) in community pharmacy.
  • Whitehead, P., Armour, C., Aslani, P., Brien, J., Chen, T., Loh, M., Sainsbury, E. (2004). Research Into Teaching: Quality Assurance In Clinical Placements.Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 85(1008), 166-169.
  • Zachulski, A., Chen, T., Gelgor, L. (2004). Rural Healthcare: The Management Of Chronic Pain By Community Pharmacists.Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 85(1014), 688-691.

2003

  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P., Gadiel, D., Riddoutt, L. (2003).An investigation into business and professional facilitators for change for the pharmacy profession in light of the Third Guild/Government Agreement.
  • Bajorek, B., Gelgor, L., Chen, T. (2003). Assessing and treating lower back pain.Pharmacy News, 11.
  • Chen, T., Moles, R., Bajorek, B., Aslani, P. (2003).Case Studies in Practice: Pharmacist Only and Pharmacy Medicines: A Process Guide for Pharmacists. Sydney: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Russell, T., Aslani, P. (2003). Development of a practice change model for community pharmacy.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Conference 2003, Not published: Icpof.
  • Gelgor, L., Bajorek, B., Chen, T. (2003). Evaluating pain management in rural community pharmacy: The importance of HMR and regular pain assessment.Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 11, 366-369.
  • Krass, I., Hourihan, F., Chen, T. (2003). Health promotion and screening for cardiovascular risk factors in NSW: a community pharmacy model.Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 14(2), 101-107.
  • Chen, T. (2003). I must see the Pharmacist.Australian Pharmacist, 11, 534-536.
  • Bajorek, B., Gelgor, L., Chen, T. (2003). Managing chronic pain in the elderly patient.Pharmacy News, 11.
  • Aslani, P., Armour, C., Brien, J., Chen, T., Loh, M., Moles, R., Sainsbury, E., Whitehead, P. (2003). Quality Assurance in Experiential Learning.EdHealth Conference,, sydney: University of Sydney.
  • Armour, C., Aslani, P., Brien, J., Chen, T., Loh, M., Moles, R., Sainsbury, E. (2003). Quality assuring clinical placements.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Conference 2003, Not published: Icpof.
  • Hourihan, F., Krass, I., Chen, T. (2003). Rural Community Pharmacy: A Feasible Site for a Health Promotion and Screening Service for Cardiovascular Risk Factors.Australian Journal of Rural Health, 11(1), 28-35.[More Information]
  • Bell, J., Aslani, P., McLachlan, A., Whitehead, P., Chen, T., Penrose-Wall, J. (2003). The role of the community pharmacist in Home Medicine Reviews and case conferences for consumers with mental disorders.Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 11, 716-719.
  • Roberts, A., Hopp, T., Sorensen, E., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Herberg, H., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2003). Understanding practice change in community pharmacy: a qualitative research instrument based on organisational theory.Pharmacy World and Science, 25(5), 227-234.[More Information]
  • Sainsbury, E., Armour, C., Aslani, P., Brien, J., Chen, T., Moles, R., Singh, P., Loh, M., Whitehead, P. (2003). You just won't believe what happened in my placement yesterday! Experiences of a novel clinical placement program in final year pharmacy.Annual meeting of Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia, notk known.
  • Whitehead, P., Loh, M., Sainsbury, E., Aslani, P., Brien, J., Chen, T., Moles, R., Singh, P., Armour, C. (2003). You'll never guess what happened in my placement yesterday.Vice-Chancellor's teaching and learning showcase of scholarly reflection and inquiry.

2002

  • de Almeida Neto, A., Chen, T., Chan, J. (2002). "Order effect" in the provision of medication information.Medical Journal of Australia, 176(8), 401-402.
  • Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Williams, K., Moles, R., Aslani, P., Benrimoj, S. (2002). A dizzy diabetic.Australian Pharmacist, , 856-860.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2002). A qualititative investigation of practice change in community pharmacy.Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association Annual Conference, Web: Australasian Pharmaceutical Science Association.
  • Chen, T., Whitehead, P., Williams, K., Moles, R., Aslani, P., Benrimoj, S. (2002).Case Studies in Practice Medication review: A process guide for pharmacists. Australia: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P., Hopp, T., West, S., Herborg, H. (2002). Cognitive pharmaceutical services: a novel qualitative research instrument to investigate practice change in community pharmacy.12th International Social Pharmacy Workshop in Australia, Sweden: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Chen, T., Larkin, C. (2002). Consumer attitudes toward and experiences of domiciliary visits by community pharmacists.Australian Pharmacist, 21(9), 682-688.
  • Roberts, A., Hopp, T., Sorensen, E., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Herborg, H., Williams, K., Aslani, P. (2002). Development of a qualitative research instrument to investigate practice change in community pharmacy.CoHS Research Conference, Sydney: College of Health Sciences.
  • Roberts, A., Chen, T., Benrimoj, S., Williams, K., Aslani, P., Hopp, T., Sorensen, E., Herborg, H. (2002). Development of a research instrument to describe and understand the factors affecting practice change in community pharmacy.62nd Congress of Federation International Pharmaceutique (FIP), France.
  • Chen, T., Armour, C. (2002). Domiciliary medication review - an asthma case study.Australian Pharmacist, , 1-4.
  • Bell, J., McLachlan, A., Chen, T. (2002). Evidence based assessment of pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.12th International Social Pharmacy Workshop in Australia, Sweden: Swedish Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Roberts, A., Benrimoj, S., Chen, T., Williams, K., Aslani, P., Hopp, T., Westh, S., Herborg, H. (2002). Implementation and dissemination of cognitive pharmaceutical services: a novel approach to developing of a qualitative research instrument to investigate practice change in community pharmacy.CoHS Research Conference, Sydney: College of Health Sciences.
  • de Almeida Neto, A., Chen, T., Chan, J. (2002). Order effect in the provision of medication information.62nd Congress of Federation International Pharmaceutique (FIP), France.

2001

  • Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2001). Clinical pharmacy practice program - from student evaluations to course changes.CHS Education Congerence, : Ads & Adea.
  • Chen, T., Crampton, M., Krass, I., Benrimoj, S. (2001). Collaboration between community pharmacists and GPs - impact on interprofessional communication.Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 18(3), 83-90.
  • Hourihan, F., Krass, I., Chen, T., Coper,, L. (2001). Consumer evaluation of a pharmacy based health promotion and screening service in rural NSW.
  • Teh, R., Chen, T., Krass, I. (2001). Consumer perspectives of pharmacist-delivered health information and screening services.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 9, 261-267.
  • Chen, T., Morris, L. (2001). Enhancing communication between hospital and community: Two pharmacy strategies for continuity of care.
  • Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2001). Evaluation of the clinical pharmacy practice placement programme.
  • de Almeida Neto, A., Chan, J., Chen, T. (2001). Order effects of the provision of information on impressions of medications.
  • Chen, T., Aslani, P. (2001). Patient-centred learning in clinical practice settings.