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Unit outline_

BIOS1168: Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A

Semester 2, 2021 [Normal day] - Remote

This unit of study introduces the basic concepts in musculoskeletal anatomy prior to a more detailed study of the gross anatomical structure of the upper limb as it relates to functional activities. Students will also study the histological structure of musculoskeletal tissues and surface anatomy of the upper limb. Material will be presented in lectures, practical sessions and online. Students will also be expected to undertake some independent learning activities (e.g. online video tutorials and practice quizzes) to supplement the lectures and practicals. This unit includes laboratory classes in which human cadavers are studied; attendance at such classes is compulsory.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit Department of Medical Sciences
Credit points 6
Prerequisites
? 
None
Corequisites
? 
None
Prohibitions
? 
None
Assumed knowledge
? 

None

Available to study abroad and exchange students

Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator Joanna Diong, joanna.diong@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s) Cliffton Chan, cliffton.chan@sydney.edu.au
Leslie Nicholson, leslie.nicholson@sydney.edu.au
Darren Reed, darren.reed@sydney.edu.au
Joanna Diong, joanna.diong@sydney.edu.au
Type Description Weight Due Length
Final exam (Record+) Type B final exam End semester online exam
MCQ
60% Formal exam period 2 hours
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7 LO8 LO9 LO10 LO11 LO12
In-semester test (Record+) Type B in-semester exam Mid-semester online exam
MCQ
40% Week 08
Due date: 07 Oct 2021 at 18:00
1 hour
Outcomes assessed: LO2 LO3 LO1 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO11 LO12
Type B final exam = Type B final exam ?
Type B in-semester exam = Type B in-semester exam ?

Assessment summary

  • Mid-semester examination: This exam will incorporate cadaveric photographs, graphics of people performing movements /exercises, imaging films and surface anatomy photographs. This paper will cover topics in module 1 (based on lecture, mandatory reading, and practical class materials).
  • End semester examination: This exam will incorporate cadaveric photographs, graphics of people performing movements /exercises, imaging films and surface anatomy photographs. This written paper will cover content from module 2 (based on lecture material and mandatory readings) with module 1 knowledge assumed.
Detailed information for each assessment can be found on Canvas.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name

Mark range

Description

High distinction

85 - 100

Students who achieve this grade have demonstrated an extensive level of knowledge and understanding to meet the aims of the unit as specified in the Unit of Study description above. They have also demonstrated extensive skills in abstract problem solving.

Distinction

75 - 84

Students who have achieved this grade have correctly answered enough questions to demonstrate they have achieved a thorough level of knowledge and understanding to meet the aims of the unit as specified in the Unit of Study description above. They have also answered many of the higher grade questions correctly indicating that they can apply their anatomical knowledge analyse functional activities and solve practical problems.

Credit

65 - 74

Students who have achieved this grade have correctly answered enough questions to demonstrate they have achieved a sound level of knowledge and understanding to meet the aims of the unit as specified in the Unit of Study description above. They have also answered some of the higher grade questions correctly indicating that they can apply some basic knowledge to more complex questions and problems.

Pass

50 - 64

Students achieving marks in the pass range have correctly answered enough questions to demonstrate they have a basic knowledge and understanding to meet the aims of the unit as specified in the Unit of Study description above. This may have been achieved by answering the majority of the pass level questions correctly, or by answering a significant percentage of the higher grade questions correctly. In setting the standard is assumed that the ability to correctly answer the higher grade questions indicates that the student has a working understanding of the important concepts and the knowledge that underpins those concepts, without necessarily being able to express the knowledge explicitly.

Fail

0 - 49

Students who fail this unit have failed to accumulate enough marks to reach the pass threshold. This means that they have failed to demonstrate an adequate level of knowledge of basic concepts to meet the aims specified in the Unit of Study description above.

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

You may only use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator. If you do use these tools, you must acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section. The assessment instructions or unit outline will give guidance of the types of tools that are permitted and how the tools should be used.

Your final submitted work must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of generative AI tools that have been used in the assessment, and any material that forms part of your submission must be appropriately referenced. For guidance on how to acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the AI in Education Canvas site.

The unapproved use of these tools or unacknowledged use will be considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply.

Studiosity is permitted unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission as detailed on the Learning Hub’s Canvas page.

Outside assessment tasks, generative AI tools may be used to support your learning. The AI in Education Canvas site contains a number of productive ways that students are using AI to improve their learning.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Week -01 1. Introduction to Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A; 2. Introduction to anatomy and osteology. Online class (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 01 Joints of the Shoulder Region1; Joints of the Shoulder Region 2 Lecture (2 hr) LO2 LO4 LO5
Week 02 1. Introductory myology/muscle tissue; 2. Muscles of the shoulder region Lecture (2 hr) LO6 LO12
1. Introduction to anatomy labs; 2. Introduction to osteology; 3. Bones and joints of the shoulder region; 4. Introduction to arthrology. Practical (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5
Week 03 1. Functional anatomy of the shoulder region 1; 2. Functional anatomy of the shoulder region 2 Lecture (2 hr) LO6 LO11
Week 04 1. Generalised connective tissue/cartilage tissue/synovium; 2. Bones, joints and muscles of the elbow region Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO5 LO6 LO11 LO12
1. Introductory myology; 2. Muscles of the shoulder region. Practical (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO6 LO11
Surface Anatomy of the Shoulder Region Online class (1 hr) LO3 LO6 LO12
Week 05 1. Elbow function; 2. Elbow muscle recruitment Lecture (2 hr) LO5 LO6 LO11
Week 06 1. Surface anatomy of the proximal upper limb; 2. Revision and feedback Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO12
Week 07 Anatomy Exam Technique and Practice Exam Questions Lecture and tutorial (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO11 LO12
1. Bones and joints of the elbow region; 2. Muscles of the elbow region; 3) Forearm Muscles 1 Practical (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
1. Surface anatomy of the elbow Online class (1 hr) LO5 LO6 LO11 LO12
Week 08 Bones and Joints of the Wrist and Hand Lecture (2 hr) LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO11 LO12
Week 09 1. Muscles of the hand and hand function; 2. Hand function Lecture (2 hr) LO6 LO11
Week 10 1. Peripheral nervous system - brachial plexus and nerves of the upper limb; 2. Segmental nervous system and nerve lesions of the upper limb Lecture (2 hr) LO7 LO8 LO9
1. Bones and Joints of the Wrist and Hand; 2) Forearm and Hand muscles 2; 2. Hand muscles Practical (2 hr) LO6 LO11 LO12
1) Forearm, Wrist and Hand Surface Anatomy; 2) Bones of the Wrist & Hand Radiology Online class (1 hr) LO3 LO12
Week 11 1. Bone tissue, growth and healing; 2. Blood supply of the upper limb Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO10
1. Brachial plexus; 2. Nerves of the upper limb Practical (2 hr) LO6 LO7 LO8 LO9
Week 12 1. Surface anatomy of the distal upper limb; 2. Revision and feedback Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7 LO8 LO11 LO12
1. Nerves of the upper limb 2; 2. Upper limb nerve tutorial Practical (2 hr) LO7 LO8 LO9
Week 13 1. Upper Limb Nerve Tutorial; 2. Blood vessels of upper limb; 3. Revision Online class (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7 LO8 LO9 LO10 LO11 LO12

Attendance and class requirements

Practicals: Students must attend their own practical/tutorial at the time and place indicated. Students may not swap groups for their own convenience. Practical classes and tutorial sessions require that you prepare prior to the scheduled class. Bring your lecture notes and an anatomy atlas to each anatomy practical/tutorial class.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

All readings for this unit can be accessed on the Library eReserve link available on Canvas.

  • Anatomy and Human Movement. Palastanga, N., Field, D. and Soames, R. Butterworth-Heinemann. 7th Edition (2018).

Two other texts are highly recommended to facilitate accurate and sufficiently detailed cadaveric anatomy studies for BIOS1168 (and BIOS1169).

  • Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General anatomy and musculoskeletal system. Schünke, M., Schulte, E., and Schumacher, U. Thieme Medical Publishers. 2nd Edition (2014) or 3rd Edition (2020)
  • Anatomy: a photographic atlas. Rohen, J.W., Yokochi, C., and Lütjen-Drecoll, E. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 8th Edition (2016)

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. Describe the histological structure of musculoskeletal tissues (osteology, arthrology, myology, generalized connective tissue) as it relates it to gross anatomy and function including growth and injury.
  • LO2. Understand musculoskeletal anatomy terminology, planes and axes of joint motion.
  • LO3. Identify and classify all bones of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, identify and deduce the functions of major bone markings in these regions.
  • LO4. Identify, classify and deduce motion available at the joints of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
  • LO5. Identify and deduce the mechanical functions of the ligaments of the shoulder girdle and upper limb joints.
  • LO6. Identify and describe the attachments and deduce the actions and functions of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
  • LO7. Identify the components of the Brachial Plexus and peripheral nerves associated with upper limb function.
  • LO8. State the motor and sensory distribution of nerves to the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
  • LO9. Differentiate between peripheral and spinal nerve lesions of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
  • LO10. Identify and state the supply and drainage of the major blood vessels of the shoulder girdle and upper limb
  • LO11. Relate the gross musculoskeletal anatomy and recent anatomical literature for functional activities involving the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
  • LO12. Interpret cadaveric anatomy in the clinical context of surface anatomy and radiological imaging in the shoulder girdle and upper limb.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

Alignment with Competency standards

Outcomes Competency standards
LO1
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.2. Explain the relationship of structure (including micro and macro) with function, force and movement.
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems.
8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
LO2
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections.
LO3
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.1. Explain individual joint complexes and their independent and composite functions in posture and movement analysis in exercise.
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems.
8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections.
8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.
LO4
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.1. Explain individual joint complexes and their independent and composite functions in posture and movement analysis in exercise.
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems.
8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections.
8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.
LO5
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.1. Explain individual joint complexes and their independent and composite functions in posture and movement analysis in exercise.
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems.
8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections.
8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.
LO6
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.2. Explain the relationship of structure (including micro and macro) with function, force and movement.
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
5.2.6. Analyse and evaluate results from static and dynamic assessments and provide recommendations for exercise prescription.
5.2.7. Analyse movement identifying which muscles are active in producing and controlling a movement of a joint.
LO7
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
LO8
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
LO9
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
5.2.5. Describe the adaptations that can occur within the neuro-musculoskeletal system as a result of deconditioning, ageing and injury, and the role of physical activity and exercise for preventing functional decline.
8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.1. Explain individual joint complexes and their independent and composite functions in posture and movement analysis in exercise.
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems.
8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.
Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - ESSA
5.2.2. Explain the relationship of structure (including micro and macro) with function, force and movement.
5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures.
5.2.5. Describe the adaptations that can occur within the neuro-musculoskeletal system as a result of deconditioning, ageing and injury, and the role of physical activity and exercise for preventing functional decline.
5.2.6. Analyse and evaluate results from static and dynamic assessments and provide recommendations for exercise prescription.
5.2.7. Analyse movement identifying which muscles are active in producing and controlling a movement of a joint.
8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections.

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

Extra online resources have been made to assist online learning as well as more online tutorials to facilitate acquisition, revision and collaborative learning.

Work, health and safety

All practical classes will observe the latest NSW COVID-19 requirements (i.e. handwashing, social distancing, face masks). Students are encouraged to bring their own face masks to classes, or head to designated stations dotted around USYD campus, where they can get a mask/s for the day.

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.