Outline

Overview

This unit of study introduces the basic concepts in musculoskeletal anatomy prior to a more detailed study of the gross anatomical structure of the upper limb as it relates to functional activities. Students will also study the histological structure of musculoskeletal tissues and surface anatomy of the upper limb. Material will be presented in lectures, practical sessions and online. Students will also be expected to undertake some independent learning activities (e.g. online video tutorials and practice quizzes) to supplement the lectures and practicals. This unit includes laboratory classes in which human cadavers are studied; attendance at such classes is compulsory.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit	Department of Medical Sciences
Credit points	6
Prerequisites ?	None
Corequisites ?	None
Prohibitions ?	None
Assumed knowledge ?	None
Available to study abroad and exchange students	Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator	Leslie Nicholson, leslie.nicholson@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s)	Leslie Nicholson, leslie.nicholson@sydney.edu.au
	Darren Reed, darren.reed@sydney.edu.au
	Joanna Diong, joanna.diong@sydney.edu.au
	Bronwen Ackermann, bronwen.ackermann@sydney.edu.au

Type	Description	Weight	Due	Length
Final exam (Record+)	End semester online exam Multiple choice and short answer question formats	40%	Formal exam period	2 hours
Outcomes assessed:
Online task	Online Quiz Week 8-10 Content will be examined using multiple-choice questions	15%	Please select a valid week from the list below	30 Mins
Outcomes assessed:
Online task	Online Quiz Week 0-3 Content will be examined using multiple-choice questions	15%	Please select a valid week from the list below	30 Mins
Outcomes assessed:
In-semester test (Record+)	Mid-semester online exam MCQ	30%	Week 08 Due date: 11 Apr 2022 at 17:00	1 hour
Outcomes assessed:
= Type B final exam ? = Type B in-semester exam ?

Assessment summary

Mid-semester examination: This exam will incorporate cadaveric photographs, graphics of people performing movements /exercises, imaging films and surface anatomy photographs. This paper will cover topics in module 1 (based on lecture, mandatory reading, and practical class materials).
End semester examination: This exam will incorporate cadaveric photographs, graphics of people performing movements /exercises, imaging films and surface anatomy photographs. This written paper will cover content from module 2 (based on lecture material and mandatory readings) with module 1 knowledge assumed.

Detailed information for each assessment can be found on Canvas.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name	Mark range	Description
High distinction	85 - 100	Students who achieve this grade have demonstrated an extensive level of knowledge and understanding to meet the aims of the unit as specified in the Unit of Study description above. They have also demonstrated extensive skills in abstract problem solving.
Distinction	75 - 84	Students who have achieved this grade have correctly answered enough questions to demonstrate they have achieved a thorough level of knowledge and understanding to meet the aims of the unit as specified in the Unit of Study description above. They have also answered many of the higher grade questions correctly indicating that they can apply their anatomical knowledge analyse functional activities and solve practical problems.
Credit	65 - 74	Students who have achieved this grade have correctly answered enough questions to demonstrate they have achieved a sound level of knowledge and understanding to meet the aims of the unit as specified in the Unit of Study description above. They have also answered some of the higher grade questions correctly indicating that they can apply some basic knowledge to more complex questions and problems.
Pass	50 - 64	Students achieving marks in the pass range have correctly answered enough questions to demonstrate they have a basic knowledge and understanding to meet the aims of the unit as specified in the Unit of Study description above. This may have been achieved by answering the majority of the pass level questions correctly, or by answering a significant percentage of the higher grade questions correctly. In setting the standard is assumed that the ability to correctly answer the higher grade questions indicates that the student has a working understanding of the important concepts and the knowledge that underpins those concepts, without necessarily being able to express the knowledge explicitly.
Fail	0 - 49	Students who fail this unit have failed to accumulate enough marks to reach the pass threshold. This means that they have failed to demonstrate an adequate level of knowledge of basic concepts to meet the aims specified in the Unit of Study description above.

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

You may only use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator. If you do use these tools, you must acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section. The assessment instructions or unit outline will give guidance of the types of tools that are permitted and how the tools should be used.

Your final submitted work must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of generative AI tools that have been used in the assessment, and any material that forms part of your submission must be appropriately referenced. For guidance on how to acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the AI in Education Canvas site.

The unapproved use of these tools or unacknowledged use will be considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply.

Studiosity is permitted unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission as detailed on the Learning Hub’s Canvas page.

Outside assessment tasks, generative AI tools may be used to support your learning. The AI in Education Canvas site contains a number of productive ways that students are using AI to improve their learning.

Learning support

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Weekly schedule

WK	Topic	Learning activity
Week -01	1. Introduction to Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A; 2. Introduction to anatomy and osteology.	Online class (2 hr)
Week 01	Joints of the Shoulder Region1; Joints of the Shoulder Region 2	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 01	1. Introduction to anatomy labs; 2. Introduction to osteology; 3. Bones and joints of the shoulder region; 4. Introduction to arthrology.	Practical (2 hr)
Week 02	1. Introductory myology/muscle tissue; 2. Muscles of the shoulder region	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 03	1. Functional anatomy of the shoulder region 1; 2. Functional anatomy of the shoulder region 2	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 03	1. Introductory myology; 2. Muscles of the shoulder region.	Practical (2 hr)
Week 04	1. Generalised connective tissue/cartilage tissue/synovium; 2. Bones, joints and muscles of the elbow region	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 05	1. Elbow function; 2. Elbow muscle recruitment	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 05	1. Bones and joints of the elbow region; 2. Muscles of the elbow region; 3) Forearm Muscles 1	Practical (2 hr)
Week 06	1. Surface anatomy of the proximal upper limb; 2. Revision and feedback	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 07	Anatomy Exam Technique and Practice Exam Questions	Lecture and tutorial (2 hr)
Week 07	Application and Revision of Functional Anatomy Concepts and Exam Preparation	Online class (2 hr)
Week 08	Bones and Joints of the Wrist and Hand	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 09	1. Muscles of the hand and hand function; 2. Hand function	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 09	1. Bones and Joints of the Wrist and Hand; 2) Forearm and Hand muscles 2; 2. Hand muscles	Practical (2 hr)
Week 10	1. Peripheral nervous system - brachial plexus and nerves of the upper limb; 2. Segmental nervous system and nerve lesions of the upper limb	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 11	1. Bone tissue, growth and healing; 2. Blood supply of the upper limb	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 11	1. Brachial plexus; 2. Nerves of the upper limb	Practical (2 hr)
Week 12	1. Surface anatomy of the distal upper limb; 2. Revision and feedback	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 13	1. Upper Limb Nerve Tutorial; 2. Blood vessels of upper limb; 3. Revision	Online class (2 hr)

Attendance and class requirements

Practicals: Students must attend their own practical/tutorial at the time and place indicated. Students may not swap groups for their own convenience. Practical classes and tutorial sessions require that you prepare prior to the scheduled class. Bring your lecture notes and an anatomy atlas to each anatomy practical/tutorial class.

PLEASE NOTE: Practical/tutorial//lab sessions (on campus delivery only ) Due to Covid-related restrictions in number of students permitted in labs, the cohort will be divided into

Groups 1 and 2 (Friday 8-10am and 10-12noon sessions) in Weeks 1, 3, 5, 7 (online only), 9, 11 and 13 (online only). and

Groups 3 and 4 (Friday 8-10am and 10-12noon sessions) in Weeks 2, 4, 6, 7 (online only), 10, 12 and 13 (online only).

Practical/tutorial//lab sessions (Remote delivery only )

Online Practical sessions will run in Weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 on Friday (3-5pm Sydney Australia time)

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

All readings for this unit can be accessed on the Library eReserve link available on Canvas.

Anatomy and Human Movement. Palastanga, N., Field, D. and Soames, R. Butterworth-Heinemann. 7th Edition (2018).

Two other texts are highly recommended to facilitate accurate and sufficiently detailed cadaveric anatomy studies for BIOS1168 (and BIOS1169).

Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General anatomy and musculoskeletal system. Schünke, M., Schulte, E., and Schumacher, U. Thieme Medical Publishers. 3rd Edition (2020)
Anatomy: a photographic atlas. Rohen, J.W., Yokochi, C., and Lütjen-Drecoll, E. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 8th Edition (2016) or 9th Edition (2021)

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

LO1. Describe the histological structure of musculoskeletal tissues (osteology, arthrology, myology, generalized connective tissue) as it relates it to gross anatomy and function including growth and injury.
LO2. Understand musculoskeletal anatomy terminology, planes and axes of joint motion.
LO3. Identify and classify all bones of the shoulder girdle and upper limb, identify and deduce the functions of major bone markings in these regions.
LO4. Identify, classify and deduce motion available at the joints of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
LO5. Identify and deduce the mechanical functions of the ligaments of the shoulder girdle and upper limb joints.
LO6. Identify and describe the attachments and deduce the actions and functions of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
LO7. Identify the components of the Brachial Plexus and peripheral nerves associated with upper limb function.
LO8. State the motor and sensory distribution of nerves to the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
LO9. Differentiate between peripheral and spinal nerve lesions of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
LO10. Identify and state the supply and drainage of the major blood vessels of the shoulder girdle and upper limb
LO11. Relate the gross musculoskeletal anatomy and recent anatomical literature for functional activities involving the shoulder girdle and upper limb.
LO12. Interpret cadaveric anatomy in the clinical context of surface anatomy and radiological imaging in the shoulder girdle and upper limb.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1	Depth of disciplinary expertise Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.
GQ2	Critical thinking and problem solving Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.
GQ3	Oral and written communication Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.
GQ4	Information and digital literacy Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.
GQ5	Inventiveness Generating novel ideas and solutions.
GQ6	Cultural competence Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.
GQ7	Interdisciplinary effectiveness Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.
GQ8	Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.
GQ9	Influence Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes	Graduate qualities
Learning outcomes

Alignment with Competency standards

Outcomes	Competency standards
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.2. Explain the relationship of structure (including micro and macro) with function, force and movement. 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems. 8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.1. Explain individual joint complexes and their independent and composite functions in posture and movement analysis in exercise. 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems. 8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections. 8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.1. Explain individual joint complexes and their independent and composite functions in posture and movement analysis in exercise. 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems. 8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections. 8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.1. Explain individual joint complexes and their independent and composite functions in posture and movement analysis in exercise. 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems. 8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections. 8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.2. Explain the relationship of structure (including micro and macro) with function, force and movement. 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 5.2.6. Analyse and evaluate results from static and dynamic assessments and provide recommendations for exercise prescription. 5.2.7. Analyse movement identifying which muscles are active in producing and controlling a movement of a joint.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 5.2.5. Describe the adaptations that can occur within the neuro-musculoskeletal system as a result of deconditioning, ageing and injury, and the role of physical activity and exercise for preventing functional decline. 8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.1. Explain individual joint complexes and their independent and composite functions in posture and movement analysis in exercise. 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 8.2.1. Identify anatomical structures as they relate to all body systems. 8.2.2. Describe the structural and operational processes of anatomical structures and their interrelationships. 8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 5.2.2. Explain the relationship of structure (including micro and macro) with function, force and movement. 5.2.3. Identify the components of the neuro-musculoskeletal system of the body, and describe the role of the bony segments, joint-related connective tissue structures, muscles and forces applied to these structures. 5.2.5. Describe the adaptations that can occur within the neuro-musculoskeletal system as a result of deconditioning, ageing and injury, and the role of physical activity and exercise for preventing functional decline. 5.2.6. Analyse and evaluate results from static and dynamic assessments and provide recommendations for exercise prescription. 5.2.7. Analyse movement identifying which muscles are active in producing and controlling a movement of a joint. 8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections.
	Accredited Exercise Scientist Professional Standards (2022) - 8.2.3. Apply anatomical terms to describe position, movement, body direction, regions, body planes or sections. 8.2.4. Identify musculoskeletal structures from surface anatomy.

Responding to student feedback

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

Extra online resources have been made to assist online learning as well as more online tutorials to facilitate acquisition, revision and collaborative learning. Two summative in-semester quizzes have been added to reduce the weighting of the large mid- and final exams - aligned with FMH's assessment policy.

Additional information

Work, health and safety

All practical classes will observe the latest NSW COVID-19 requirements (i.e. handwashing, social distancing, face masks). Students are encouraged to bring their own face masks to classes, or head to designated stations dotted around USYD campus, where they can get a mask/s for the day.

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.

Current students

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Alignment with Competency standards

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

Media

Student links

About us

Connect

Current students

BIOS1168: Functional Musculoskeletal Anatomy A

Semester 1, 2022 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Alignment with Competency standards

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

Media

Student links

About us

Connect