Outline

Overview

This unit is a series of lectures and daily tutorials on fundamental orthodontic theory. The topics in this unit include the concept of growth and development, craniofacial anatomy and cephalometric analysis. Students are required to read and critically review the designated reading and present their views in the tutorials.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit	Discipline of Orthodontic and Paediatric Dentistry
Credit points	6
Prerequisites ?	None
Corequisites ?	DENT5160 and DENT5161
Prohibitions ?	None
Assumed knowledge ?	Knowledge acquired from the following online module topics: Introduction to facial growth development, Biology of tooth movement I, Biology of tooth movement II, Perio ligament: Anatomy and histology
Available to study abroad and exchange students	No

Teaching staff

Coordinator	Emre Kayalar, emre.kayalar@sydney.edu.au

Assessment

The census date for this unit availability is 2 April 2024

Details
Criteria

Type	Description	Weight	Due	Length
Supervised exam ?	Written exam (for DENT5162) Theory exam	50%	Formal exam period	2 hours
Outcomes assessed:
Skills-based evaluation	Oral Viva voce exam (for DENT5162) Oral exam	50%	Formal exam period	1Hour
Outcomes assessed:
= hurdle task ?

Assessment summary

Required Formative Assignment and Essay (for DENT5162 and DENT5165): An assignment and Essay on a topic that will be advised in Semester 1. This assignment and essay are used to assess performance across the 3 units of study: Clinical Orthodontic Training 1 (DENT5160 & DENT5163), Clinical Orthodontic Training 2 (DENT 5161 & DENT5164) and Orthodontic Theory 1 (DENT5162 & DENT5165). If this is incomplete by the end of the semester, penalties may be issued in line of the Faculty of Dentistry’s Professionalism Expectations policy.
Summative Oral (Viva Voce) Examination (for DENT5162): In Semesters 1, there is a 60-minutes general Viva Voce examination in which, DENT5160, DENT5161 and DENT5162 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a first year trainee in Orthodontics. This exam contributes to 25% of overall assessment weighting for this year long UoS.
Summative Oral (Viva Voce) Examination (for DENT5165): In Semester 2, there is a 60-minute general Viva Voce examination in which, DENT5163, DENT5164 and DENT5165 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a first year trainee in Orthodontics. This exam contributes to 25% of overall assessment weighting for this year long UoS.
Summative Written Examination (for DENT5162): In Semesters 1, there is a 2-hour written paper with generally 3 essay questions examination in which, DENT5160, DENT5161 and DENT5162 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a first year trainee in Orthodontics. This exam contributes to 25% of overall assessement weighting for this year long UoS.
Summative Written Examination (for DENT5162): In Semesters 2, there are written papers with generally 3 essay questions examination in which, DENT5163, DENT5164 and DENT5165 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a first year trainee in Orthodontics. This exam contributes to 25% of overall assessement weighting for this year long UoS.
Detailed information for each assessment can be found on Canvas.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name	Mark range	Description
High distinction	85 - 100
Distinction	75 - 84
Credit	65 - 74
Pass	50 - 64
Fail	0 - 49	When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

All assessments must be submitted by the due date. Students are expected to manage their time and to prioritise tasks to meet deadlines. Assessment items submitted after the due date without an approved extension using a special consideration or special arrangement form will incur penalties. Late penalties will apply once the due date and time has passed. The closing date (if specified) is the final date for late submissions; after this date no submissions will be accepted.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

You may only use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator. If you do use these tools, you must acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section. The assessment instructions or unit outline will give guidance of the types of tools that are permitted and how the tools should be used.

Your final submitted work must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of generative AI tools that have been used in the assessment, and any material that forms part of your submission must be appropriately referenced. For guidance on how to acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the AI in Education Canvas site.

The unapproved use of these tools or unacknowledged use will be considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply.

Studiosity is permitted unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission as detailed on the Learning Hub’s Canvas page.

Outside assessment tasks, generative AI tools may be used to support your learning. The AI in Education Canvas site contains a number of productive ways that students are using AI to improve their learning.

Learning support

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Support for students

The Support for Students Policy 2023 reflects the University’s commitment to supporting students in their academic journey and making the University safe for students. It is important that you read and understand this policy so that you are familiar with the range of support services available to you and understand how to engage with them.

The University uses email as its primary source of communication with students who need support under the Support for Students Policy 2023. Make sure you check your University email regularly and respond to any communications received from the University.

Learning resources and detailed information about weekly assessment and learning activities can be accessed via Canvas. It is essential that you visit your unit of study Canvas site to ensure you are up to date with all of your tasks.

If you are having difficulties completing your studies, or are feeling unsure about your progress, we are here to help. You can access the support services offered by the University at any time:

Support and Services (including health and wellbeing services, financial support and learning support)
Course planning and administration
Meet with an Academic Adviser

Weekly schedule

WK	Topic	Learning activity
Formal exam period	Dental development, anomalies	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week -01	Facial Development II	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Normal and dysmorphic midface development	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Aetiology of malocclusion	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Theories of growth control	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week -02	Facial Development I	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 02	Biology of tooth movement III: Root resorption – research and management	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Growth of maxilla, mandible and cranial base in 3D	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Age and ethnic differences in ceph norms	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 03	Biology of tooth movement II	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 04	Andrews six keys	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 04	Soft tissue growth	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 07	Occlusal Development I	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 07	Habits I: Aetiology, types	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 08	Occlusal Development II	Tutorial (1 hr)
	PDL I: Anatomy and histology	Tutorial (1 hr)
	PDL II: Force and tooth movement	Tutorial (1 hr)
	PDL III: Frenectomy and circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 09	Prenatal growth / development	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 09	Condylar cartilage growth	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 11	Archwire I: Wire types and properties	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 11	Orthodontic Adhesives	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 12	Habits II: Treatment & Stability	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 12	Sleep apnoea – Diagnosis and management	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 13	Psychological consideration in preadolescent and adolescents	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 13	Skeletal age: Wrist, vertebral and frontal sinus prediction	Tutorial (1 hr)

Attendance and class requirements

Attendance: Attendance is a professional responsibility required of all students admitted to academic programs within the Sydney Dental School. All programs in the Sydney Dental School have a 90% attendance policy, for all compulsory components of Units of Study, as detailed in the Faculty of Dentistry Attendance Provisions 2015. This includes all clinical and practical sessions. The course requirements cannot be satisfied if more than 10% of any section of a course is missed for any reason.
Professionalism: Students in all Sydney Dental School programs are subject to the Faculty of Medicine and Health Professionalism Requirements 2019 and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Professionalism Provisions 2019. Professionalism is an essential component of developing competency to practice. It is important for students to demonstrate professional behaviour in all contexts and environments. In accordance with these local provisions: candidates who demonstrate serious or repeated unprofessional behaviour may be required to show cause as to why their enrolment should be continued. Failure to show cause may result in exclusion from the course.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

All readings for this unit can be accessed through the Library eReserve, available on Canvas.

Orthodontic books and Reading Lists designed and updated each year for each tutorial/Course. Students are required to read and critically review the designated reading and present their views in the tutorials.

The following are some suggested reference textbooks:

Proffit, W.R., Fields, H.W. Jr. & Sarver, D.M. (2013). Contemporary orthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier
Graber, T.M., Vanarsdall, R.L. & Vig, K.W.L. (2012). Orthodontics: current principles and techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier
Proffit, W.R., White, R.P. & Sarver, D.M. (2003). Contemporary treatment of dentofacial deformity. St Louis, Mo: Mosby
Burstone C.J. & Choi K. (2015). The biomechanical foundation of clinical orthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co
Nanda R. & Miner A. (2015). Esthetic and biomechanics in orthodontics. St Louis, Mo : Elsevier

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

LO1. demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of growth and development of the craniofacial complex, prenatal growth and development, postnatal cranial base and calvaria growth
LO2. demonstrate an emerging understanding of the analytic tools to assess facial aesthetics and facial forms to assist in treatment planning and relating to treatment outcomes
LO3. demonstrate skill in the description and classification of normal and abnormal occlusion and to differentiate between functional and dysfunctional occlusion and recognise and analyse TMJ anatomy and understand current concepts on the development of TMJ dysfunction, including the ability to make a distinction between patients that may be treatable orthodontically and those who require further consultation
LO4. demonstrate knowledge in all aspects of orthodontic tooth movement, including cellular responses of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum, and an understanding of root resorption
LO5. demonstrate an emerging knowledge of paediatric sleep disorders, cleft-lip and palate, medically compromised patients and interdisciplinary treatment.
LO6. demonstrate knowledge in dental materials used in orthodontics such as arch wire and bonding adhesives
LO7. Demonstrate knowledge in research methodology and literature analysis

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1	Depth of disciplinary expertise Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.
GQ2	Critical thinking and problem solving Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.
GQ3	Oral and written communication Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.
GQ4	Information and digital literacy Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.
GQ5	Inventiveness Generating novel ideas and solutions.
GQ6	Cultural competence Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.
GQ7	Interdisciplinary effectiveness Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.
GQ8	Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.
GQ9	Influence Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes	Graduate qualities
Learning outcomes

Alignment with Competency standards

Outcomes	Competency standards
	Orthodontics - 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 3.b. synthesising complex information, problems, concepts and theories. 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature 4.1.b. the scientific basis of dentistry including the relevant biological, medical and psychosocial sciences 4.1.c. development, anatomy, physiology and pathology of hard and soft tissues of the head and neck 4.2.c. growth and development and the effects on orthodontic treatment
	Orthodontics - 1.c. providing patient-centred care, including selecting and prioritising treatment options that are compassionate and respectful of patients’ best interests, dignity and choices and which seek to improve community oral health 1.d. understanding and applying the moral, cultural, ethical principles and legal responsibilities involved in the provision of specialist dental care to individual patients, to communities and populations 1.e. displaying appropriate professional behaviour and communication towards all members of the dental team and referring health practitioner/s 2.a. identifying and understanding a patient’s, or their parent’s, guardian’s or carer’s expectations, desires and attitudes when planning and delivering specialist treatment 2.b. communicating effectively with patients, their families, relatives and carers in a manner that takes into account factors such as their age, intellectual development, social and cultural background 2.c. use of technological and telecommunication aids in planning and delivering specialist treatment 2.d. communicating effectively in all forms of health and legal reporting, and 2.e. interpreting and communicating knowledge, skills and ideas. 4.1.d. the range of investigative, technical and clinical procedures, and 4.2.d. application of clinical and radiographical techniques to assess growth and the effects of orthodontic treatment 5.1.a. applying decision-making, clinical reasoning and judgement to develop a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan by interpreting and correlating findings from the history, clinical examinations, imaging and other diagnostic tests 5.2.a. managing developmental and dentofacial anomalies including skeletal and/or dental discrepancies 5.2.c. evaluating and recognising the dental and skeletal effects of orthodontic treatment in the individual patient and modification to treatment strategies when appropriate. This should include the retention period of treatment.
	Orthodontics - 1.a. recognising the personal limitations and scope of the specialty and knowing when to refer or seek advice appropriately 1.b. practising with personal and professional integrity, honesty and trustworthiness 1.c. providing patient-centred care, including selecting and prioritising treatment options that are compassionate and respectful of patients’ best interests, dignity and choices and which seek to improve community oral health 1.d. understanding and applying the moral, cultural, ethical principles and legal responsibilities involved in the provision of specialist dental care to individual patients, to communities and populations 1.e. displaying appropriate professional behaviour and communication towards all members of the dental team and referring health practitioner/s 1.f. understanding and applying legislation including that related to record-keeping 2.a. identifying and understanding a patient’s, or their parent’s, guardian’s or carer’s expectations, desires and attitudes when planning and delivering specialist treatment 2.b. communicating effectively with patients, their families, relatives and carers in a manner that takes into account factors such as their age, intellectual development, social and cultural background 2.c. use of technological and telecommunication aids in planning and delivering specialist treatment 2.e. interpreting and communicating knowledge, skills and ideas. 4.1.c. development, anatomy, physiology and pathology of hard and soft tissues of the head and neck 5.2.b. managing functional occlusal and temporomandibular disorders, and 5.2.c. evaluating and recognising the dental and skeletal effects of orthodontic treatment in the individual patient and modification to treatment strategies when appropriate. This should include the retention period of treatment.
	Orthodontics - 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 3.b. synthesising complex information, problems, concepts and theories. 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature 4.1.b. the scientific basis of dentistry including the relevant biological, medical and psychosocial sciences 4.1.c. development, anatomy, physiology and pathology of hard and soft tissues of the head and neck 4.2.a. the principles of biomechanics and materials science
	Orthodontics - 1.a. recognising the personal limitations and scope of the specialty and knowing when to refer or seek advice appropriately 1.e. displaying appropriate professional behaviour and communication towards all members of the dental team and referring health practitioner/s 1.i. demonstrating leadership in the profession. 2.b. communicating effectively with patients, their families, relatives and carers in a manner that takes into account factors such as their age, intellectual development, social and cultural background 2.d. communicating effectively in all forms of health and legal reporting, and 4.1.e. management and treatment planning with multidisciplinary engagement for complex cases, including compromised patients. 4.2.e. management of development and dentofacial disorders, including orthognathic surgical procedures 4.2.f. biomechanical and physiological principles in the fabrication and placement of fixed and removable appliances, and 5.1.b. managing complex cases, including compromised patients with multidisciplinary management, and 5.2.a. managing developmental and dentofacial anomalies including skeletal and/or dental discrepancies 5.2.c. evaluating and recognising the dental and skeletal effects of orthodontic treatment in the individual patient and modification to treatment strategies when appropriate. This should include the retention period of treatment.
	Orthodontics - 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature 4.1.d. the range of investigative, technical and clinical procedures, and 4.2.a. the principles of biomechanics and materials science
	Orthodontics - 1.g. demonstrating specialist professional growth and development through research and learning 1.h. supporting the professional development and education for all members of the dental and/or health community, and 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 3.b. synthesising complex information, problems, concepts and theories. 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature

Responding to student feedback

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

No changes have been made since this unit was last offered

Additional information

Additional costs

•Candidates are strongly recommended to attend conferences that are organised by Australia Society of Orthodontics and the conference costs are not covered. •Camera, specialised ring flash, SD card, laptop and backup hard drives

Work, health and safety

Students must comply with work health and safety, infection control and dress standard policies of all laboratories, placement sites and Local Health Districts (LHDs).

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.

Current students

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Support for students

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Alignment with Competency standards

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Additional costs

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

Media

Student links

About us

Connect

Current students

DENT5162: Introduction to Orthodontic Theory

Semester 1, 2024 [Normal day] - Surry Hills, Sydney

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Support for students

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Alignment with Competency standards

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Additional costs

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

Media

Student links

About us

Connect