Outline

Overview

This unit is a series of lectures and daily tutorials on fundamental orthodontic theory. The topics in this unit include biomechanics of tooth movement and biomechanical traits of brackets and archwires. Students are required to read and critically review the designated reading and present their views in the tutorials. The students are also required to complete an assignment on a relevant topic and present it during the tutorials.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit	Discipline of Orthodontic and Paediatric Dentistry
Credit points	6
Prerequisites ?	DENT5162 or DENT6226
Corequisites ?	None
Prohibitions ?	physical and/or mental impairments jeopardizing performance of safe clinical dentistry and safety/health of patients and staff.
Assumed knowledge ?	Comprehensive knowledge in all aspects of General Dentistry, particularly in Restorative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation
Available to study abroad and exchange students	No

Teaching staff

Coordinator	Ali Darendeliler, ali.darendeliler@sydney.edu.au

Type	Description	Weight	Due	Length
Final exam	Written exam (for DENT5162) Theory exam	25%	-	3 hours
Outcomes assessed:
Creative assessment / demonstration	Oral Viva voce exam (for DENT5165) Oral Exam	25%	Formal exam period	n/a
Outcomes assessed:
Creative assessment / demonstration	Oral Viva voce exam (for DENT5162) Oral exam	25%	Formal exam period	n/a
Outcomes assessed:
Final exam	Written exam part 1 (for DENT5165) Theory Exam	12.5%	Formal exam period	3 hours
Outcomes assessed:
Final exam	Written exam part 2 (for DENT5165) Theory exam	12.5%	Formal exam period	3 hours
Outcomes assessed:
Assignment	Assignment and Essay (for DENT5162 and DENT5165) Essay, Powerpoint presentations	0%	Progressive	To be advised in Semester 1
Outcomes assessed:
= hurdle task ?

Assessment summary

Required Formative Assignment and Essay (for DENT5162 and DENT5165): An assignment and Essay on a topic that will be advised in Semester 1. This assignment and essay are used to assess performance across the 3 units of study: Clinical Orthodontic Training 1 (DENT5160 & DENT5163), Clinical Orthodontic Training 2 (DENT 5161 & DENT5164) and Orthodontic Theory 1 (DENT5162 & DENT5165). If this is incomplete by the end of the semester, penalties may be issued in line of the Faculty of Dentistry’s Professionalism Expectations policy.
Summative Oral (Viva Voce) Examination (for DENT5162): In Semesters 1, there is a 60-minutes general Viva Voce examination in which, DENT5160, DENT5161 and DENT5162 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a first year trainee in Orthodontics.
Summative Oral (Viva Voce) Examination (for DENT5165): In Semester 2, there is a 60-minute general Viva Voce examination in which, DENT5163, DENT5164 and DENT5165 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a first year trainee in Orthodontics.
Summative Written Examination (for DENT5162): In Semesters 1, there is a 3-hour written paper with generally 3 essay questions examination in which, DENT5160, DENT5161 and DENT5162 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a first year trainee in Orthodontics.
Summative Written Examination (for DENT5162): In Semesters 2, there are two 3-hour written papers with generally 3 essay questions examination in which, DENT5163, DENT5164 and DENT5165 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a first year trainee in Orthodontics.
Detailed information for each assessment can be found on Canvas.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name	Mark range	Description
High distinction	85 - 100
Distinction	75 - 84
Credit	65 - 74
Pass	50 - 64
Fail	0 - 49	When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

All assessments must be submitted by the due date. Students are expected to manage their time and to prioritise tasks to meet deadlines. Assessment items submitted after the due date without an approved extension using a special consideration or special arrangement form will incur penalties. Late penalties will apply once the due date and time has passed. The closing date (if specified) is the final date for late submissions; after this date no submissions will be accepted.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

You may only use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator. If you do use these tools, you must acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section. The assessment instructions or unit outline will give guidance of the types of tools that are permitted and how the tools should be used.

Your final submitted work must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of generative AI tools that have been used in the assessment, and any material that forms part of your submission must be appropriately referenced. For guidance on how to acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the AI in Education Canvas site.

The unapproved use of these tools or unacknowledged use will be considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply.

Studiosity is permitted unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission as detailed on the Learning Hub’s Canvas page.

Outside assessment tasks, generative AI tools may be used to support your learning. The AI in Education Canvas site contains a number of productive ways that students are using AI to improve their learning.

Learning support

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Weekly schedule

WK	Topic	Learning activity
Formal exam period	Sleep Apnoea III: Oral appliances	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Dental Development	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Orthodontics and the future	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Orthodontic treatment complications	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Orthodontic first aid	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Orthodontic Gnathology and Functional Occlusion	Tutorial (1 hr)
	ASO GAS program and the ASOFRE	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Love and Hate	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week -01	Fact or Fallacy I	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week -04	Sleep Apnoea I: Epidemiology and pathophysiology	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 01	Research methodology	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 02	Skeletal Maturity: Relationship between facial and physical growth	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 04	Speech pathology and orthodontics	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 04	Eruption Problems	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 05	Archwire I: Brackets and archwire (Frictional resistance and torsional forces)	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Arch form / dimension changes	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Fact or Fallacy II	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 06	TMJ I: Clinical examination and diagnosis of TMD	Tutorial (1 hr)
	TMJ II: Malocclusion, TMD & Orthodontics	Tutorial (1 hr)
	TMJ III: Idiopathic condylar resorption	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 07	Third molars and stability	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Lower incisor position/stability	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Paediatric Sleep Disorders: Normal sleep patterns in children; epidemiology of sleep disorders during childhood	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 08	Curve of Spee	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 08	Orthodontics - periodontal considerations	Tutorial (1 hr)
Week 09	A short history of the ASO	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Sleep Apnoea II: Diagnosis and treatment modalities	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Research methodology	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Archwire III: Contemporary archwires	Tutorial (1 hr)
	OSA management in growing children	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Bracket Selection / Oils ain’t oils	Tutorial (1 hr)

Attendance and class requirements

Attendance: Attendance is a professional responsibility required of all students admitted to academic programs within the Sydney Dental School. All programs in the Sydney Dental School have a 90% attendance policy, for all compulsory components of Units of Study, as detailed in the Faculty of Dentistry Attendance Provisions 2015. This includes all clinical and practical sessions. The course requirements cannot be satisfied if more than 10% of any section of a course is missed for any reason.
Professionalism: Students in all Sydney Dental School programs are subject to the Faculty of Medicine and Health Professionalism Requirements 2019 and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Professionalism Provisions 2019. Professionalism is an essential component of developing competency to practice. It is important for students to demonstrate professional behaviour in all contexts and environments. In accordance with these local provisions: candidates who demonstrate serious or repeated unprofessional behaviour may be required to show cause as to why their enrolment should be continued. Failure to show cause may result in exclusion from the course.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

Orthodontic books and Reading Lists designed and updated each year for each tutorial/Course. Students are required to read and critically review the designated reading and present their views in the tutorials.

The following are some suggested reference textbooks:

Proffit, W.R., Fields, H.W. Jr. & Sarver, D.M. (2013). Contemporary orthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier
Graber, T.M., Vanarsdall, R.L. & Vig, K.W.L. (2012). Orthodontics: current principles and techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier
Proffit, W.R., White, R.P. & Sarver, D.M. (2003). Contemporary treatment of dentofacial deformity. St Louis, Mo: Mosby
Burstone C.J. & Choi K. (2015). The biomechanical foundation of clinical orthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co
Nanda R. & Miner A. (2015). Esthetic and biomechanics in orthodontics. St Louis, Mo : Elsevier

All readings for this unit can be accessed through the Library eReserve, available on Canvas.

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

LO1. demonstrate an understanding of the basic principles of growth and development of the craniofacial complex (with an emphasis on postnatal maxillary and mandibular growth), prenatal growth and development, postnatal cranial base and calvaria growth
LO2. demonstrate an emerging understanding of the analytic tools to assess facial aesthetics and facial forms to assist in treatment planning and relating to treatment outcomes
LO3. Recognise and analyse TMJ anatomy and understand current concepts on the development of TMJ dysfunction, including the ability to make a distinction between patients that may be treatable orthodontically and those who require further consultation
LO4. demonstrate knowledge in all aspects of orthodontic tooth movement, including cellular responses of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum, and an understanding of root resorption
LO5. demonstrate an emerging knowledge of paediatric sleep disorders, cleft-lip and palate, medically compromised patients and interdisciplinary treatment
LO6. Demonstrate knowledge in dental materials used in orthodontics such as arch wire and bonding adhesives
LO7. Demonstrate knowledge in research methodology and literature analysis

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1	Depth of disciplinary expertise Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.
GQ2	Critical thinking and problem solving Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.
GQ3	Oral and written communication Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.
GQ4	Information and digital literacy Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.
GQ5	Inventiveness Generating novel ideas and solutions.
GQ6	Cultural competence Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.
GQ7	Interdisciplinary effectiveness Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.
GQ8	Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.
GQ9	Influence Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes	Graduate qualities
Learning outcomes

Alignment with Competency standards

Outcomes	Competency standards
	Orthodontics - 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature 4.1.b. the scientific basis of dentistry including the relevant biological, medical and psychosocial sciences 4.1.c. development, anatomy, physiology and pathology of hard and soft tissues of the head and neck 4.2.c. growth and development and the effects on orthodontic treatment
	Orthodontics - 1.c. providing patient-centred care, including selecting and prioritising treatment options that are compassionate and respectful of patients’ best interests, dignity and choices and which seek to improve community oral health 2.a. identifying and understanding a patient’s, or their parent’s, guardian’s or carer’s expectations, desires and attitudes when planning and delivering specialist treatment 2.c. use of technological and telecommunication aids in planning and delivering specialist treatment 2.e. interpreting and communicating knowledge, skills and ideas. 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature 4.2.d. application of clinical and radiographical techniques to assess growth and the effects of orthodontic treatment 5.1.a. applying decision-making, clinical reasoning and judgement to develop a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment plan by interpreting and correlating findings from the history, clinical examinations, imaging and other diagnostic tests 5.2.c. evaluating and recognising the dental and skeletal effects of orthodontic treatment in the individual patient and modification to treatment strategies when appropriate. This should include the retention period of treatment.
	Orthodontics - 1.a. recognising the personal limitations and scope of the specialty and knowing when to refer or seek advice appropriately 1.c. providing patient-centred care, including selecting and prioritising treatment options that are compassionate and respectful of patients’ best interests, dignity and choices and which seek to improve community oral health 1.d. understanding and applying the moral, cultural, ethical principles and legal responsibilities involved in the provision of specialist dental care to individual patients, to communities and populations 1.e. displaying appropriate professional behaviour and communication towards all members of the dental team and referring health practitioner/s 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 3.b. synthesising complex information, problems, concepts and theories. 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature 4.1.c. development, anatomy, physiology and pathology of hard and soft tissues of the head and neck 4.1.e. management and treatment planning with multidisciplinary engagement for complex cases, including compromised patients. 5.1.b. managing complex cases, including compromised patients with multidisciplinary management, and 5.2.b. managing functional occlusal and temporomandibular disorders, and
	Orthodontics - 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature 4.1.b. the scientific basis of dentistry including the relevant biological, medical and psychosocial sciences 4.1.c. development, anatomy, physiology and pathology of hard and soft tissues of the head and neck 4.2.f. biomechanical and physiological principles in the fabrication and placement of fixed and removable appliances, and 5.2.a. managing developmental and dentofacial anomalies including skeletal and/or dental discrepancies
	Orthodontics - 1.a. recognising the personal limitations and scope of the specialty and knowing when to refer or seek advice appropriately 1.e. displaying appropriate professional behaviour and communication towards all members of the dental team and referring health practitioner/s 1.h. supporting the professional development and education for all members of the dental and/or health community, and 2.a. identifying and understanding a patient’s, or their parent’s, guardian’s or carer’s expectations, desires and attitudes when planning and delivering specialist treatment 2.b. communicating effectively with patients, their families, relatives and carers in a manner that takes into account factors such as their age, intellectual development, social and cultural background 2.c. use of technological and telecommunication aids in planning and delivering specialist treatment 2.d. communicating effectively in all forms of health and legal reporting, and 2.e. interpreting and communicating knowledge, skills and ideas. 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 4.1.e. management and treatment planning with multidisciplinary engagement for complex cases, including compromised patients. 4.2.e. management of development and dentofacial disorders, including orthognathic surgical procedures 4.2.g. the principles and application of pharmacology 5.1.b. managing complex cases, including compromised patients with multidisciplinary management, and 5.2.b. managing functional occlusal and temporomandibular disorders, and 5.2.c. evaluating and recognising the dental and skeletal effects of orthodontic treatment in the individual patient and modification to treatment strategies when appropriate. This should include the retention period of treatment.
	Orthodontics - 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature 4.2.a. the principles of biomechanics and materials science
	Orthodontics - 1.g. demonstrating specialist professional growth and development through research and learning 1.h. supporting the professional development and education for all members of the dental and/or health community, and 3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and 3.b. synthesising complex information, problems, concepts and theories. 4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature

Responding to student feedback

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

No changes have been made since this unit was last offered

Additional information

Additional costs

•Candidates are strongly recommended to attend conferences that are organised by Australia Society of Orthodontics and the conference costs are not covered. •Camera, specialised ring flash, SD card, laptop and backup hard drives

Work, health and safety

Students must comply with work health and safety, infection control and dress standard policies of all laboratories, placement sites and Local Health Districts (LHDs).

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.

Current students

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Alignment with Competency standards

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Additional costs

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

Media

Student links

About us

Connect

Current students

DENT5165: Basic Orthodontic Theory

Semester 2 Early, 2020 [Normal day] - Westmead, Sydney

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Alignment with Competency standards

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Additional costs

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

Media

Student links

About us

Connect