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Unit outline_

DENT5168: Intermediate Orthodontic Theory

Semester 1, 2020 [Normal day] - Westmead, Sydney

This unit is a series of lectures and daily tutorials on fundamental orthodontic theory. The topics in this unit include recent developments on the topics of growth and development, craniofacial anatomy cephalometric analysis, biomechanics of tooth movement, biomechanical traits of brackets and archwires. Students are required to read and critically review the designated reading and present their views in the tutorials. The students are also required to complete an assignment on a relevant topic and present it during the tutorials.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit Discipline of Orthodontic and Paediatric Dentistry
Credit points 6
Prerequisites
? 
DENT5165 or DENT6227
Corequisites
? 
None
Prohibitions
? 
physical and/or mental impairments jeopardizing performance of safe clinical dentistry and safety/health of patients and staff.
Assumed knowledge
? 

Comprehensive knowledge in all aspects of General Dentistry, particularly in Restorative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation

Available to study abroad and exchange students

No

Teaching staff

Coordinator Oyku Dalci, oyku.dalci@sydney.edu.au
Tutor(s) Oyku Dalci, oyku.dalci@sydney.edu.au
Lam Cheng, lam.cheng@sydney.edu.au
Alexandra Papadopoulou, alexandra.papadopoulou@sydney.edu.au
Ali Darendeliler, ali.darendeliler@sydney.edu.au
Type Description Weight Due Length
Final exam Written exam part 1 (for DENT5171)
Theory exam
12.5% - 3 hours
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO7 LO6 LO5 LO4 LO3 LO2
Final exam Written exam part 2 (for DENT5171)
Theory exam
12.5% - 3 hours
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO7 LO6 LO5 LO4 LO3 LO2
Final exam Oral Vice voce exam (for DENT5171)
Oral exam
25% - 2 hours
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO7 LO6 LO5 LO4 LO3 LO2
Final exam Oral Viva voce exam (for DENT 5168)
Oral exam
50% Formal exam period 2 hours
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO6 LO5 LO4 LO3 LO2
Assignment Assignment and essay (For DENT 5168 and DENT5171)
Essay, Powerpoint presentations
0% Progressive To be advised in Semester 1
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7

Assessment summary

  • Required Formative Assignment and Essay (for DENT5168 and DENT5171): An assignment and Essay on a topic that will be advised in Semester 1.  This assignment and essay are used to assess performance across the 3 units of study: Clinical Orthodontic Training 3 (DENT5166 & DENT5169), Clinical Orthodontic Training 4 (DENT 5167 & DENT5170) and Orthodontic Theory 2 (DENT5168 & DENT5171).  If this is incomplete by the end of the semester, penalties may be issued in line of the Faculty of Dentistry’s Professionalism Expectations policy.
  • Summative Oral (Viva Voce) Examination (for DENT5168): In Semester 1, there is a 2-hour general Viva Voce examination in which, DENT5166, DENT5167 and DENT5168 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a second year trainee in Orthodontics.
  • Summative Oral (Viva Voce) Examination (for DENT5171): In Semester 2, there is a 2-hour general Viva Voce examination in which, DENT5169, DENT5170 and DENT5171 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a second year trainee in Orthodontics.
  • Summative Written Examination (for DENT5171): In Semester 2, there are two 3-hour written papers with generally 3 essay questions or series of single best answer type examination in which, DENT5169, DENT5170 and DENT5171 are examined together covering the full range of both theoretical and clinical aspects of these units of study, with the expected standard of a second year trainee in Orthodontics.
  • Detailed information for each assessment can be found on Canvas.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name

Mark range

Description

High distinction

85 - 100

 

Distinction

75 - 84

 

Credit

65 - 74

 

Pass

50 - 64

 

Fail

0 - 49

When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

All assessments must be submitted by the due date. Students are expected to manage their time and to prioritise tasks to meet deadlines. Assessment items submitted after the due date without an approved extension using a special consideration or special arrangement form will incur penalties. Late penalties will apply once the due date and time has passed. The closing date (if specified) is the final date for late submissions; after this date no submissions will be accepted.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

You may only use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator. If you do use these tools, you must acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section. The assessment instructions or unit outline will give guidance of the types of tools that are permitted and how the tools should be used.

Your final submitted work must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of generative AI tools that have been used in the assessment, and any material that forms part of your submission must be appropriately referenced. For guidance on how to acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the AI in Education Canvas site.

The unapproved use of these tools or unacknowledged use will be considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply.

Studiosity is permitted unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission as detailed on the Learning Hub’s Canvas page.

Outside assessment tasks, generative AI tools may be used to support your learning. The AI in Education Canvas site contains a number of productive ways that students are using AI to improve their learning.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Formal exam period Dental development, anomalies Tutorial (1 hr) LO1
Week -01 Facial Development II Tutorial (1 hr) LO1
Normal and dysmorphic midface development Tutorial (1 hr) LO1
Week -02 Facial Development I Tutorial (1 hr) LO1
Week 02 Biology of tooth movement III: Root resorption – research and management Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO2
Growth of maxilla, mandible and cranial base in 3D Tutorial (1 hr) LO1
Age and ethnic differences in ceph norms Tutorial (1 hr) LO4
Week 03 Biology of tooth movement II Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO2
Week 04 Andrews six keys Tutorial (1 hr) LO3
Soft tissue growth Tutorial (1 hr) LO1
Week 07 Occlusal Development I Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO3
Week 08 Occlusal Development II Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO3
PDL I: Anatomy and histology Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO2
PDL II: Force and tooth movement Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO2
PDL III: Frenectomy and circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO2
Week 09 Prenatal growth / development Tutorial (1 hr) LO1
Condylar cartilage growth Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO2
Week 11 Archwire I: Wire types and properties Tutorial (1 hr) LO6
Orthodontic Adhesives Tutorial (1 hr) LO6
Week 12 Sleep apnoea – Diagnosis and management Tutorial (1 hr) LO5
Week 13 Psychological consideration in preadolescent and adolescents Tutorial (1 hr) LO5
Skeletal age: Wrist, vertebral and frontal sinus prediction Tutorial (1 hr) LO1

Attendance and class requirements

  • Attendance: Attendance is a professional responsibility required of all students admitted to academic programs within the Sydney Dental School. All programs in the Sydney Dental School have a 90% attendance policy, for all compulsory components of Units of Study, as detailed in the Faculty of Dentistry Attendance Provisions 2015. This includes all clinical and practical sessions. The course requirements cannot be satisfied if more than 10% of any section of a course is missed for any reason.

  • Professionalism: Students in all Sydney Dental School programs are subject to the Faculty of Medicine and Health Professionalism Requirements 2019 and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Professionalism Provisions 2019. Professionalism is an essential component of developing competency to practice. It is important for students to demonstrate professional behaviour in all contexts and environments. In accordance with these local provisions: candidates who demonstrate serious or repeated unprofessional behaviour may be required to show cause as to why their enrolment should be continued. Failure to show cause may result in exclusion from the course.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

All readings for this unit can be accessed through the Library eReserve, available on Canvas.

Orthodontic books and Reading Lists designed and updated each year for each tutorial/Course. Students are required to read and critically review the designated reading and present their views in the tutorials.

The following are some suggested reference textbooks:

  1. Proffit, W.R., Fields, H.W. Jr. & Sarver, D.M. (2013). Contemporary orthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier
  2. Graber, T.M., Vanarsdall, R.L. & Vig, K.W.L. (2012). Orthodontics: current principles and techniques. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier
  3. Proffit, W.R., White, R.P. & Sarver, D.M. (2003). Contemporary treatment of dentofacial deformity. St Louis, Mo: Mosby
  4. Burstone C.J. & Choi K. (2015). The biomechanical foundation of clinical orthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co
  5. Nanda R. & Miner A. (2015). Esthetic and biomechanics in orthodontics. St Louis, Mo : Elsevier

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. Demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of growth and development of the cranio-facial complex and all aspects of orthodontic tooth movement, including cellular responses of the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum, and an understanding of root resorption
  • LO2. Demonstrate familiarity with the current literature, including ability to correctly analyse and compare current literature with principles, and techniques of the past
  • LO3. Demonstrate skill in the description and classification of normal and abnormal occlusion and to differentiate between functional and dysfunctional occlusion
  • LO4. Demonstrate skills in cephalometric and the use of computerised cephalometric analysis and superimposition
  • LO5. Competently diagnose, treat and manage the conditions related to sleep apnoea, cleft-lip and palate, adults and or medically compromised patients and demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of broad knowledge of the role of orthodontics, limitations and potential complications
  • LO6. Demonstrate advanced knowledge of principles of anchorage employed in the biomechanics of orthodontics, minimizing the loss, the friction in orthodontic appliances, frictional resistance during orthodontic tooth movement, skeletal anchorage systems as well as their complications
  • LO7. Demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of orthodontic relapse and retention

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

Alignment with Competency standards

Outcomes Competency standards
LO1
Orthodontics - DBA
4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature
4.1.b. the scientific basis of dentistry including the relevant biological, medical and psychosocial sciences
4.1.c. development, anatomy, physiology and pathology of hard and soft tissues of the head and neck
4.2.c. growth and development and the effects on orthodontic treatment
4.2.f. biomechanical and physiological principles in the fabrication and placement of fixed and removable appliances, and
5.2.a. managing developmental and dentofacial anomalies including skeletal and/or dental discrepancies
LO2
Orthodontics - DBA
4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature
4.1.b. the scientific basis of dentistry including the relevant biological, medical and psychosocial sciences
4.1.d. the range of investigative, technical and clinical procedures, and
4.2.a. the principles of biomechanics and materials science
LO3
Orthodontics - DBA
3.a. critically evaluating scientific research and literature, products and techniques to inform evidence-based specialist practice, and
3.b. synthesising complex information, problems, concepts and theories.
4.2.c. growth and development and the effects on orthodontic treatment
4.2.d. application of clinical and radiographical techniques to assess growth and the effects of orthodontic treatment
4.2.e. management of development and dentofacial disorders, including orthognathic surgical procedures
5.2.a. managing developmental and dentofacial anomalies including skeletal and/or dental discrepancies
5.2.b. managing functional occlusal and temporomandibular disorders, and
5.2.c. evaluating and recognising the dental and skeletal effects of orthodontic treatment in the individual patient and modification to treatment strategies when appropriate. This should include the retention period of treatment.
LO4
Orthodontics - DBA
4.1.d. the range of investigative, technical and clinical procedures, and
4.2.d. application of clinical and radiographical techniques to assess growth and the effects of orthodontic treatment
LO5
Orthodontics - DBA
1.a. recognising the personal limitations and scope of the specialty and knowing when to refer or seek advice appropriately
1.c. providing patient-centred care, including selecting and prioritising treatment options that are compassionate and respectful of patients’ best interests, dignity and choices and which seek to improve community oral health
1.d. understanding and applying the moral, cultural, ethical principles and legal responsibilities involved in the provision of specialist dental care to individual patients, to communities and populations
1.e. displaying appropriate professional behaviour and communication towards all members of the dental team and referring health practitioner/s
2.a. identifying and understanding a patient’s, or their parent’s, guardian’s or carer’s expectations, desires and attitudes when planning and delivering specialist treatment
2.b. communicating effectively with patients, their families, relatives and carers in a manner that takes into account factors such as their age, intellectual development, social and cultural background
2.d. communicating effectively in all forms of health and legal reporting, and
2.e. interpreting and communicating knowledge, skills and ideas.
3.b. synthesising complex information, problems, concepts and theories.
4.1.e. management and treatment planning with multidisciplinary engagement for complex cases, including compromised patients.
4.2.e. management of development and dentofacial disorders, including orthognathic surgical procedures
5.1.b. managing complex cases, including compromised patients with multidisciplinary management, and
5.1.c. managing complications.
5.2.a. managing developmental and dentofacial anomalies including skeletal and/or dental discrepancies
5.2.b. managing functional occlusal and temporomandibular disorders, and
5.2.c. evaluating and recognising the dental and skeletal effects of orthodontic treatment in the individual patient and modification to treatment strategies when appropriate. This should include the retention period of treatment.
LO6
Orthodontics - DBA
4.1.d. the range of investigative, technical and clinical procedures, and
4.2.a. the principles of biomechanics and materials science
LO7
Orthodontics - DBA
4.1.a. historical and contemporary literature
4.2.a. the principles of biomechanics and materials science
4.2.f. biomechanical and physiological principles in the fabrication and placement of fixed and removable appliances, and
5.2.c. evaluating and recognising the dental and skeletal effects of orthodontic treatment in the individual patient and modification to treatment strategies when appropriate. This should include the retention period of treatment.

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

No changes have been made since this unit was last offered

Additional costs

•Candidates are strongly recommended to attend conferences that are organised by Australia Society of Orthodontics and the conference costs are not covered. •Camera, specialised ring flash, SD card, laptop and backup hard drives

Work, health and safety

Students must comply with work health and safety, infection control and dress standard policies of all laboratories, placement sites and Local Health Districts (LHDs).

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

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