Outline

Overview

This unit of study continues to build knowledge of general radiographic examinations with a focus on radiographic anatomy and technique adaptation when applied toradiography of the axial skeleton. This unit of study has an evidence based approach using research articles applied to case based learning. Cross sectional imaging primarily through the use of CT imaging will be introduced and students will be expected to demonstrate skill in recognising sectional anatomy.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit	Clinical Imaging
Credit points	6
Prerequisites ?	None
Corequisites ?	MRTY2106
Prohibitions ?	None
Assumed knowledge ?	MRTY2101
Available to study abroad and exchange students	No

Teaching staff

Coordinator	Dania Abu Awwad, dania.abuawwad@sydney.edu.au
Tutor(s)	Susan Said, susan.said@sydney.edu.au
Tutor(s)	Yobelli Jimenez, yobelli.jimenez@sydney.edu.au

Type	Description	Weight	Due	Length
Participation	Practical and Tutorial Classes for MRTY2105 Attendance at weekly practical and VERT tutorial classes is mandatory	0%	Multiple weeks	Multiple Weeks:1-10
Outcomes assessed:
In-semester test (Record+)	Mid Semester exam Online Multiple Choice (MCQ) Test	20%	Week 07 Due date: 12 Sep 2022 at 08:00	50 minutes
Outcomes assessed:
Skills-based evaluation	OSCE Station 2 Practical test on communication, x-ray equipment use, & patient positioning	30%	Week 10 Due date: 14 Oct 2022 at 00:00	Station 2 is 10 minutes
Outcomes assessed:
Final exam (Take-home short release)	End of Semester (Final) exam Online exam - various question types & short-answer questions	50%	Week 12 Due date: 24 Oct 2022 at 11:00	2 hours
Outcomes assessed:
= Type B in-semester exam ? = Type D final exam ?

Assessment summary

Mid-Semester Online test: Online multiple-choice exam
OSCE: Practical examination (on campus - in x-ray rooms) assessing patient communication, handling of equipment, and radiographic positioning.
End of Semester Online exam: Online written (typed answer) exam.

Detailed information for each assessment can be found on Canvas.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name	Mark range	Description
High distinction	85 - 100
Distinction	75 - 84
Credit	65 - 74
Pass	50 - 64
Fail	0 - 49	When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

You may only use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator. If you do use these tools, you must acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section. The assessment instructions or unit outline will give guidance of the types of tools that are permitted and how the tools should be used.

Your final submitted work must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of generative AI tools that have been used in the assessment, and any material that forms part of your submission must be appropriately referenced. For guidance on how to acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the AI in Education Canvas site.

The unapproved use of these tools or unacknowledged use will be considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply.

Studiosity is permitted unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission as detailed on the Learning Hub’s Canvas page.

Outside assessment tasks, generative AI tools may be used to support your learning. The AI in Education Canvas site contains a number of productive ways that students are using AI to improve their learning.

Learning support

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Weekly schedule

WK	Topic	Learning activity
Week 01	Introduction to the Unit of Study	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Femur & Hip	Lecture (2 hr)
	Femur & Hip	Practical (2 hr)
Week 02	Femur & Hip	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Pelvis	Lecture (2 hr)
	Pelvis	Practical (2 hr)
Week 03	Pelvis	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Lumbar Spine	Lecture (2 hr)
	Lumbar Spine	Practical (2 hr)
Week 04	Lumbar Spine	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Thoracic Spine	Lecture (2 hr)
	Thoracic Spine	Practical (2 hr)
Week 05	Thoracic Spine	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Cervical Spine	Lecture (2 hr)
	Cervical Spine	Practical (2 hr)
Week 06	Cervical Spine	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Sectional Anatomy Recording 1	Individual study (1 hr)
	Adaptation of Technique	Lecture (2 hr)
	Adaptation of Technique	Practical (2 hr)
Week 07	Sectional Anatomy Recording 2 - Chest	Individual study (1 hr)
	Sectional Anatomy Tutorial 1 - Chest	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Facial Bones	Lecture (2 hr)
	Facial Bones	Practical (2 hr)
Week 08	Facial Bones	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Sectional Anatomy Recording 3 - Chest	Individual study (1 hr)
	Sectional Anatomy Tutorial 2 - Chest	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Further Facial Imaging	Lecture (2 hr)
	Further Facial Imaging	Practical (2 hr)
Week 09	Sectional Anatomy Recording 4 - Abdomen	Individual study (1 hr)
	Sectional Anatomy Tutorial 3 - Abdomen	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Abdomen	Lecture (2 hr)
	Abdomen	Practical (2 hr)
Week 10	Abdomen	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Sectional Anatomy Recording 5 - Pelvis	Individual study (1 hr)
	Sectional Anatomy Tutorial 4 - Pelvis	Tutorial (1 hr)
	Introduction to Contrast	Lecture (2 hr)
	Pre-OSCE Practice	Practical (2 hr)
Week 11	Revision	Lecture (2 hr)

Attendance and class requirements

Attendance: The attendance requirements for your UoS lectures, tutorials, sectional anatomy tutorials, and face to face practicals and over this intensive semester is 100%. This is because evidence of competency in the content taught in this unit of study is fundamental to students being able to successfully perform radiographic duties in a clinical practice setting.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

Recommended textbook for this unit of study:

Bontrager's Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy By: Bontrager, Lampignano 9th Edition Published: 5th May 2017, Elsevier. ISBN: 9780323399661.

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

LO1. demonstrate competently the use of campus radiographic equipment required to perform examinations of the axial skeleton including the facial bones, pelvis and abdomen
LO2. understand the relationship between exposure, attenuation and image quality as applied to the axial skeleton and above areas
LO3. apply knowledge of human anatomy to position patients for a range of general radiographic examinations of the axial skeleton including the facial bones, pelvis and abdomen
LO4. identify and describe anatomical features of a resultant image relevant to the axial skeleton, facial bones, pelvis and abdomen
LO5. apply knowledge of standard radiographic projections to a range of common clinical scenarios
LO6. apply knowledge of standard and specialised radiographic projections to a range of patient presentations including paediatrics, trauma patients and aged patients
LO7. understand specific mechanisms of injury and recognise the importance of clinical information in adapting radiographic technique
LO8. adapt radiographic techniques to compliment clinical histories that indicate medically urgent findings on parts of the axial skeleton, facial bones, pelvis and abdominal radiographs
LO9. acquire an ongoing knowledge of the role radiographers play in the care of patients
LO10. evaluate processes for the justification and optimisation of plain radiographic examinations, including using a range of evidence
LO11. translate the outcome of a plain radiographic examination, and show an understanding of the clinical context for further/comparative imaging
LO12. demonstrate an ability to apply critical and reflective thinking to clinical scenarios and how decisions made by radiographers impact upon the quality of clinical practice, patient care and safety
LO13. correctly identify anatomy on cross sectional images (CT/MRI) of the chest, abdomen and pelvis
LO14. demonstrate an understanding of the positioning for a range of mobile examinations, including those undertaken in a ward location or an emergency department
LO15. identify and be able to act upon radiation safety issues related to mobile radiation sources and their associated risks for patients and public including professional staff.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1	Depth of disciplinary expertise Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.
GQ2	Critical thinking and problem solving Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.
GQ3	Oral and written communication Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.
GQ4	Information and digital literacy Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.
GQ5	Inventiveness Generating novel ideas and solutions.
GQ6	Cultural competence Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.
GQ7	Interdisciplinary effectiveness Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.
GQ8	Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.
GQ9	Influence Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes	Graduate qualities
Learning outcomes

Alignment with Competency standards

Outcomes	Competency standards
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.3.d. Operate equipment and apply knowledge of laboratory procedures to practice when necessary.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1A.1.b. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.5.d. Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors. 1.7.a. Recognise patients/clients whose condition is deteriorating, or who are unable to undergo an examination/treatment and respond to their needs in an appropriate and timely way consistent with standards of safe and high-quality care. This includes calling for emergency help when needed. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1.7.c. If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.7.d. Provide appropriate patient/client care before, during and after the examination/treatment.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.5.d. Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1.7.c. If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.7.c. If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1A.1.a. Operate projection radiography systems safely and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.1.b. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - Domain 5.3.c. Identify and take appropriate action to correct unacceptable condition or operation of all equipment. Domain 5.4.a. Identify safety hazards in the workplace and respond to incidents (including radiation and radioactivity incidents) in a timely and appropriate manner, in accordance with protocols and procedures. Domain 5.4.b. Report on all incidents (including radiation and radioactivity incidents) as needed. Domain 5.4.c. Manage the environmental risks of manufactured radiation and radioactivity. Domain 5.4.d. Identify, confirm and implement methods of radiation management. Domain 5.4.e. Use safe and legal methods for managing manufactured radiation sources, including using appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment and complying with shielding requirements. Domain 5.4.g. Provide information on radiation-related hazards and control measures to others in the workplace.

Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice -

Competency code	Taught, Practiced or Assessed	Competency standard
1.1.a		Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice.
1.1.b		Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment.
1.1.c		Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images.
1.10.c		Apply knowledge of cross-sectional anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology, haemodynamic and sonographic appearances of normal and abnormal anatomy.
1.3.a		Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice.
1.3.b		Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice.
1.3.d		Operate equipment and apply knowledge of laboratory procedures to practice when necessary.
1.4.a		Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways.
1.4.b		Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options.
1.4.c		Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information.
1.5.b		Identify patient/client preparation requirements.
1.5.c		Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children.
1.5.d		Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors.
1.6.b		Identify the type and method of stabilisation needed for the type and purpose of the procedure and the patient/client condition and presentation.
1.6.c		Use or adapt suitable stabilisation and ancillary equipment.
1.6.d		Perform the appropriate stabilisation before starting the procedure.
1.7.b		Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings.
1.7.c		If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client.
1.7.d		Provide appropriate patient/client care before, during and after the examination/treatment.
1.8.b		Recognise the risks, precautions and contraindications of the use of medicines, informed by the patient’s/client’s current pathology status.
1.8.c		Apply knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the potential range of reactions to medicines.
1A.1.a		Operate projection radiography systems safely and effectively in a range of settings.
1A.1.b		Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome.
1A.1.c		Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury.
1A.1.d		Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination.
1A.1.f		Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation.
1A.2.c		Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. (1A.2)
1A.2.g		Prepare the patient/client and delivery systems with the appropriate contrast media using aseptic techniques.
Domain 5.1.b		Practice in accordance with relevant radiation safety guidelines.
Domain 5.1.e		Review the referral and associated examinations/treatment prescription to ensure appropriate justification, limitation and optimisation.
Domain 5.1.f		Identify radiation risks and implement effective and appropriate risk management systems and procedures.

Responding to student feedback

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

Based on student feedback, the tutorials will incorporate more discussion on image critique and request forms. Practice questions would be provided more regularly.

Additional information

Regarding Assessments in MRTY2105:

The OSCE (practical skills exam) runs over the whole day – the date and time will be advised closer to the end of semester. Each student will get a specific time to attend.

If you are unable to attend for any form of assessment in this unit of study (practical class attendance, Mid-sem exam, OSCE exam , EOS exam) then you must formally apply for special consideration for non-attendance at any of these assessments. Please note that in the case of an approved special consideration aplication for an exam then a replacement assessment will need to be completed.

Canvas

Work, health and safety

Adherence to COVID19 safety policies in any of the teaching spaces whilst on campus is compulsory.

Students who are non-compliant will be asked to leave so as not to jeopardise the safety of others.

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.

Current students

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Alignment with Competency standards

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

Media

Student links

About us

Connect

Current students

MRTY2105: Radiographic Science 2

Semester 2, 2022 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Alignment with Competency standards

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

Media

Student links

About us

Connect