Outline

Academic unit	Clinical Imaging
Credit points	6
Prerequisites ?	MRTY2101 and MRTY2105
Corequisites ?	None
Prohibitions ?	None
Assumed knowledge ?	None
Available to study abroad and exchange students	No

Coordinator	Ernest Ekpo, ernest.ekpo@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s)	Nicola Giannotti, nicola.giannotti@sydney.edu.au
Ernest Ekpo, ernest.ekpo@sydney.edu.au
Tutor(s)	Yobelli Jimenez, yobelli.jimenez@sydney.edu.au

Type	Description	Weight	Due	Length
Final exam (Record+)	Online Final exam MCQ-Part 1 Online MCQ component of EOS exam	20%	Formal exam period	30 minutes
Outcomes assessed:
Final exam (Take-home short release)	Online Final exam-Part 2 Online EAQ component of Final Exam	40%	Formal exam period	1.5 hours
Outcomes assessed:
In-semester test (Record+)	Online Mid semester exam Online MCQ	40%	Week 07 Due date: 05 Apr 2022 at 13:00	80 minutes
Outcomes assessed:
= hurdle task ? = Type B final exam ? = Type B in-semester exam ? = Type D final exam ?

Result name	Mark range	Description
High distinction	85 - 100
Distinction	75 - 84
Credit	65 - 74
Pass	50 - 64
Fail	0 - 49	When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

WK	Topic	Learning activity
Week 01	Explanation of unit of study outline via ZOOM	Lecture (1 hr)
GIT/HB contrast lecture	Lecture (2 hr)
GIT-case studies. GPs A and B.	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 02	GIT-imaging for pathology	Lecture (2 hr)
GIT-case studies. GPs C and D.	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 03	HB-imaging for pathology	Lecture (2 hr)
HB-case studies. GPs A and B.	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 04	DSA GIT/HB	Lecture (2 hr)
HB-case studies. GPs C and D.	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 05	Trauma/operating theatre. GPs A and B.	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 06	Operating theatre/Trauma radiography	Lecture (2 hr)
Trauma/operating theatre. GPs C and D.	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 07	CNS CONTRAST	Lecture (2 hr)
Skull Imaging tutorial/positioning prac. GPs A and B.	Tutorial (2 hr)
Sectional Anatomy of the Brain Parts 1& 2	Lecture (4 hr)
VERT TUTE: GPs A and B.. Brain Pts 1 and 2	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 08	CT BRAIN PROTOCOLS/CT PLAIN BRAIN	Lecture (2 hr)
Skull Imaging tutorial/positioning prac. GPs C and D.	Practical (2 hr)
VERT TUTE:GPs C and D. Brain Pts 1 and 2	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 09	DSA/CTA BRAIN	Lecture (2 hr)
CNS 1 and 2-case studies. GPs A and B.	Tutorial (2 hr)
Sectional Anatomy of: 1.Skull/Face and 2. Spinal cord	Lecture (4 hr)
VERT TUTE:GPs A and B; Skull/Spinal Cord	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 10	BRAIN PATHOLOGY PART 1	Lecture (2 hr)
BRAIN PATHOLOGY- PART 2	Lecture (2 hr)
CNS 1 and 2-case studies. GPs C and D.	Tutorial (2 hr)
VERT TUTE:GPs C and D; Skull/Spinal cord	Tutorial (2 hr)
Week 11	Review of the UOS content and overview of final exam via Zoom	Lecture (2 hr)

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

LO1. understand the suitability and series of imaging for plain x-ray, contrast enhanced, and cross sectional imaging for a range of patient types
LO2. demonstrate a systematic approach to complex radiography including an ability to undertake a review of clinical history, suitable imaging and image quality for x-ray examinations, including those in a trauma, operating theatre or fluoroscopic context
LO3. evaluate radiographs of the skull and abdomen, and evaluate contrast examinations for image quality including noise, contrast, and appropriate technique
LO4. demonstrate a basic knowledge of CT imaging, and the ability to justify CT protocols, use of contrast media in CT, and evaluate dose-saving strategies
LO5. demonstrate an understanding of normal anatomy of the abdomen and central nervous system via sectional anatomy images
LO6. demonstrate a knowledge of the principles and clinical applications of angiography
LO7. identify and discuss a range of normal anatomical structures on plain radiographs, fluoroscopic, and contrast imaging for the relevant body parts and systems taught in this unit
LO8. demonstrate an ability to recognise variants on plain radiographs, fluoroscopic, and contrast imaging for the relevant body parts and systems taught in this unit
LO9. apply knowledge of radiographic pathology, including for immediate patient management, including where significant medical findings are found on the images produced from the examination
LO10. apply critical and reflective practice to a range of clinical scenarios, including appropriate inquiry of method of imaging, image evaluation, and image interpretation using both pediatric and adult scenarios
LO11. evaluate current research and best practice of image interpretation, including a demonstrated knowledge of comparative imaging techniques
LO12. demonstrate capability in discussing medical images with consumers and health and professional staff in relation to the role performed by radiographers, and advocate for imaging choices where required
LO13. recognise and apply safe practice and protocols when undertaking contrast examinations, including a demonstration of risks and potential allergic reactions that may arise
LO14. demonstrate an awareness and ability to adapt technique for: plain, mobile, operating theatre, and contrast enhanced x-ray examinations.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1	Depth of disciplinary expertise Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.
GQ2	Critical thinking and problem solving Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.
GQ3	Oral and written communication Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.
GQ4	Information and digital literacy Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.
GQ5	Inventiveness Generating novel ideas and solutions.
GQ6	Cultural competence Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.
GQ7	Interdisciplinary effectiveness Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.
GQ8	Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.
GQ9	Influence Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes	Graduate qualities
Learning outcomes

Alignment with Competency standards

Outcomes	Competency standards
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1A.1.a. Operate projection radiography systems safely and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination. 1A.1.e. Perform image post-processing techniques. Domain 2.4.c. Recognise when an alternative patient/client pathway may be more appropriate and make recommendations to other practitioners. Domain 5.1.b. Practice in accordance with relevant radiation safety guidelines.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.5.d. Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors. 1.5.e. Identify contraindications and limitations of medical radiation services, determine appropriate adjustments to procedures. 1.5.f. Perform patient/client assessment and medical radiation examination/treatment in accordance with the patient/client need and choice, legislation, registration standards, codes and guidelines. 1.7.a. Recognise patients/clients whose condition is deteriorating, or who are unable to undergo an examination/treatment and respond to their needs in an appropriate and timely way consistent with standards of safe and high-quality care. This includes calling for emergency help when needed. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1A.1.a. Operate projection radiography systems safely and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination. 1A.1.e. Perform image post-processing techniques. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation. Domain 2.1.h. Exercise appropriate levels of autonomy and professional judgement in a variety of medical radiation practice settings. Domain 2.4.b. Recognise when it may be appropriate to intervene on behalf of the patient/client. Domain 2.4.c. Recognise when an alternative patient/client pathway may be more appropriate and make recommendations to other practitioners.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1A.1.a. Operate projection radiography systems safely and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1A.3.a. Operate CT systems safely and effectively. 1A.3.b. Apply appropriate imaging parameters for the patient/client presentation. 1A.3.c. Adjust relative radiation dose levels based on the range of patient/client presentations. 1A.3.d. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of CT protocols. 1A.3.e. Perform and evaluate contrast and non-contrast CT examinations of the body and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation and clinical indications. Domain 5.1.b. Practice in accordance with relevant radiation safety guidelines.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1A.3.e. Perform and evaluate contrast and non-contrast CT examinations of the body and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation and clinical indications.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1A.2.a. Operate fluoroscopy and angiography systems safety and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.2.c. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. (1A.2) 1A.2.d. Apply knowledge of equipment geometry for procedures. 1A.2.e. Apply knowledge of imaging acquisition modes and radiation dose rates. 1A.2.f. Perform image post-processing techniques. (1A.2)
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1A.1.a. Operate projection radiography systems safely and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.3.e. Perform and evaluate contrast and non-contrast CT examinations of the body and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation and clinical indications.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1A.3.e. Perform and evaluate contrast and non-contrast CT examinations of the body and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation and clinical indications.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. Domain 2.1.a. Understand and comply with legal responsibilities.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. Domain 4.1.a. Identify the challenge or question and the information that is needed to respond. Domain 4.1.b. Find, critically appraise, interpret and apply best available research evidence to inform clinical reasoning and professional decision-making. Domain 4.1.c. Provide evidence-informed patient/client-centred care by carefully considering the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, reviewing existing protocols and methods, reflecting on clinical challenges or experiences and integrating knowledge and findings into practice. Domain 4.1.d. Recognise opportunities to contribute to the development of new knowledge through research and enquiry.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. Domain 2.1.h. Exercise appropriate levels of autonomy and professional judgement in a variety of medical radiation practice settings. Domain 2.4.c. Recognise when an alternative patient/client pathway may be more appropriate and make recommendations to other practitioners. Domain 4.1.b. Find, critically appraise, interpret and apply best available research evidence to inform clinical reasoning and professional decision-making. Domain 4.1.c. Provide evidence-informed patient/client-centred care by carefully considering the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, reviewing existing protocols and methods, reflecting on clinical challenges or experiences and integrating knowledge and findings into practice. Domain 4.1.d. Recognise opportunities to contribute to the development of new knowledge through research and enquiry.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.2.b. Use clinical information management systems to accurately record patient/client history and any examination/treatment provided to the patient/client, ensuring that the correct examination/treatment is associated with the correct patient. 1.2.c. Ensure that stored clinical information (information and images) is associated with the correct patient/client and examination/treatment. 1.2.d. Identify and respond appropriately when clinical information is incorrectly associated with the identity of a patient/client and/or examination/treatment. 1.2.e. Manage clinical information (information and images) appropriately and consider the workflow between the different clinical information management systems. 1.2.f. Respond appropriately to data errors and/or system failures. 1.2.g. Ensure clinical information is made available to the appropriate persons involved in the care of the patient. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.a. Identify factors or conditions that may affect the patient’s/client’s behaviour and/or capacity to provide informed consent and undergo the procedure and triage patients/clients when needed. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1.7.c. If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client. Domain 2.1.c. Understand mandatory reporting obligations and the grounds for a voluntary notification. Domain 2.1.d. Apply the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia’s Code of conduct to practice. Domain 2.1.e. Provide relevant information to the patient/client and implement appropriate methods to obtain informed consent. Domain 2.1.f. Apply knowledge of the Australian healthcare system to practice. Domain 2.1.g. Practice the basic principles underpinning bio-ethics in medical radiation practice and recognise and respond appropriately to ethical issues encountered in practice. Domain 2.1.h. Exercise appropriate levels of autonomy and professional judgement in a variety of medical radiation practice settings. Domain 2.2.a. Recognise and evaluate the socio-cultural factors that may influence patient/client attitudes and responses to medical radiation services. Domain 2.2.b. Apply the principles of cultural competence and culturally safe care to practice. Domain 2.2.c. Display appropriate professional behaviour in patient/client interactions. Domain 2.2.d. Identify and respect appropriate boundaries between patients/clients and health professionals. Domain 2.3.a. Make appropriate professional decisions about the care of patients. Domain 2.3.b. Recognise and respond appropriately to unsafe or unprofessional practice. Domain 2.4.a. Support and promote the rights and interests of patients/clients and support them to represent their own interests, when appropriate. Domain 2.4.b. Recognise when it may be appropriate to intervene on behalf of the patient/client. Domain 2.4.c. Recognise when an alternative patient/client pathway may be more appropriate and make recommendations to other practitioners. Domain 2.5.a. Participate in peer assessment, standard setting, mentorship and provide developmental support to other medical radiation practitioners and other members of the healthcare team. Domain 3.1.a. Establish rapport with the patient/client to understand their issues and perspectives. Domain 3.1.b. Communicate effectively with the patient/client (and at times beyond the patient/client) to collect and convey information about the proposed examination/treatment. Domain 3.1.c. Convey knowledge and procedural information in ways that create trust and confidence and respects the patient/client’s confidentiality, privacy and dignity. Domain 3.1.d. Provide an opportunity for the patient/client to explore the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, the methods used and the usual patient/client experience. Domain 3.2.a. Establish and maintain effective and respectful working relationships with health practitioners. Domain 3.2.b. Understand, acknowledge and respect the roles and responsibilities of healthcare team members and other service providers, and work effectively and collaboratively with them. Domain 3.2.c. Follow accepted protocols and procedures to provide relevant and timely verbal and written communication. Domain 3.2.d. Make recommendations to other members of the healthcare team about the suitability and application of the proposed medical radiation examination/treatment, when appropriate. Domain 4.1.c. Provide evidence-informed patient/client-centred care by carefully considering the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, reviewing existing protocols and methods, reflecting on clinical challenges or experiences and integrating knowledge and findings into practice.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.2.b. Use clinical information management systems to accurately record patient/client history and any examination/treatment provided to the patient/client, ensuring that the correct examination/treatment is associated with the correct patient. 1.2.c. Ensure that stored clinical information (information and images) is associated with the correct patient/client and examination/treatment. 1.5.b. Identify patient/client preparation requirements. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.7.c. If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client. 1.7.d. Provide appropriate patient/client care before, during and after the examination/treatment. 1.8.a. Apply the principles of safe and effective use of medicines to practice. 1.8.b. Recognise the risks, precautions and contraindications of the use of medicines, informed by the patient’s/client’s current pathology status. 1.8.c. Apply knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the potential range of reactions to medicines. 1.8.e. Actively monitor the effects of medication and manage adverse reactions to medicines, in accordance with protocols. Domain 2.1.a. Understand and comply with legal responsibilities. Domain 2.1.e. Provide relevant information to the patient/client and implement appropriate methods to obtain informed consent. Domain 2.4.c. Recognise when an alternative patient/client pathway may be more appropriate and make recommendations to other practitioners. Domain 3.1.h. Obtain informed consent, explaining the purpose, risks and benefits of the proposed examination/treatment.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.6.b. Identify the type and method of stabilisation needed for the type and purpose of the procedure and the patient/client condition and presentation. 1.6.c. Use or adapt suitable stabilisation and ancillary equipment. 1.6.d. Perform the appropriate stabilisation before starting the procedure. 1A.1.a. Operate projection radiography systems safely and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.1.b. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination.

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