Federal Reserve Bank of New York. This study also employs the natural logarithm of Gross. ... Domestic Product (lngdp) as a macro control, which is sourced from the St.
We use three innovation measures: the R&D. spending of firm i in year t (R&D), the natural logarithm of one plus the number of. ... patents produced by firm i in year t 1 to t 2 (Patent), and the natural logarithm of.
and weighted network of sales among oligopolistic firms offering differentiated products that are. ... Thus, equilibrium in the product market is uniquely determined according to the unique price.
The key variable is the product of. the bank capital ratio and the unrated dummy. ... one is a product of bank size and firm size (Bank SizebtFirm Sizeft).
one of its products - a pair of pants that carried the symbol of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity,. ... tinct types: 1) Emissions and Resource Use, 2) Community, 3) Workforce, 4) Product.
its loan quality status, bad or good. In reality, our assumptions are more natural than the. ... from current savings. We will set the criteria for household choices of financial products in.
hand. New product launches are defined as introductions or a major new version of products,. ... quantity, efficiency, and quality. We measure a firm’s product quantity using the natural.
investment products on these platforms. They have little knowledge about either the borrowers’ credit. ... A natural question is whether lenders. are sophisticated enough to recognize the adverse selection in credit certificates, or do they still trust
and adjacent non-M&A counties between 1999 and 2014. Ln(Mortgage) is the natural. ... negative in both columns. However, in the first column, where the natural log of.