Thesis abstract:

«p»The pandemic posed significant challenges to achieving welfare, especially in countries with weak welfare states, such as Indonesia. As the government's capacity struggled to provide adequate social protection during COVID-19, grassroots solidarity movement in Indonesia mobilized to support the national effort. Some of these initiatives were already in place, while others formed in response to the crisis. These grassroot movement, marked by strong solidarity, helped distribute health, financial, and social assistance. This research draws on social movement and welfare state theories to analyse how community solidarity actions mobilized to provide local social protection and redistribute welfare during crisis. Through three empirical case studies in Indonesia, and utilizing postcolonial and participatory research strategies, the study will explore dynamics and processes involving the communities, local government, and related stakeholders working together, demonstrating selflessness and mutual support.«/p»