People_

Professor Paul Martin

Professor
Faculty of Medicine and Health
Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health
Save Sight Institute

Phone

+61 2 9382 7539

Email

paul.martin@sydney.edu.au

Websites

Save Sight Institute

Resume

Curriculum vitae

Biographical details

Paul R. Martin received his PhD in Physiology at the University of Sydney in 1986. Following postdoctoral work in Germany, in 1992 he joined Faculty at the University of Sydney. From 2003 to 2009 he was Director of Research at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia and Professorial Research Fellow at the University of Melbourne. He took up his current appointment as Professor of Experimental Ophthalmology at the University of Sydney in 2010/

Research interests

Vision is our most important sense, and diseases which cause visual loss and blindness are terribly debilitating. The Visual Neuroscience Research Group studies the normal structure and function of the visual system, by measuring the connections between nerve cells (neurones) in the retina and by studying the activity of single neurones in the retina and early stages of the visual pathway.

Our chief research interest is how colour, form, and motion in the visual world are processed in the retina and sent as distinct streams of information to the brain. These information streams are carried on evolutionary old and new pathways. Two examples follow.

1. The blue-yellow dimension of colour vision is carried on an ancient pathway known as the koniocellular pathway, whereas signals for red-green colour vision travel on a newer (parvocellular pathway). This knowledge helps us understand the prevalence and effects of red-green colour blindness in humans.

2. Koniocellular and related ancient pathways pass through brain regions which coordinate rapid recognition of environmental threats and trigger "fight or flight" reactions. Clinical problems such as phobias and anxiety disorders are thought to involve inapprropriate activation of these ancient defence mechanisms. Studying ancient pathways can helps us understand how the brain coordinates adaptive responses, and gives information relevant to understanding cognitive and perceptual disorders.

Methods used include immunohistochemical analysis of neurotransmitter receptors, light and electron microscopy, single cell extracellular recording, linear systems analysis of visual responses.

Teaching and supervision

Neuroscience at beginning, intermediate and advanced levels.

Themes

Neurosciences and Mental Health

Keywords

Nervous system, Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Vision

(University of Pécs Medical School) Collaborative project with Dr Peter Buzás, working on colour processing in the cat visual system.

United States

(University of Washington, Seattle) Collaboration with Professor Dennis Dacey on connectomic reconstruction of retinal circuits in human and non-human primate retina

United States

(Vanderbilt University) Collaboration with A/Prof Alexander Maier on binocular vision and color processing in primate visual system

Publications

By Type

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Edited Books

Fritzsch, B., Martin, P. (2020). The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference (Second Edition). Volume 1: Vision. Oxford: Elsevier.

Book Chapters

Martin, P., Fritzsch, B. (2022). Vision and Retina Information Processing From Opsins to the Visual Cortex. In Bernd Fritzsch, Karen L. Elliott (Eds.), Evolution of Neurosensory Cells and Systems: Gene regulation and cellular networks and processes, (pp. 61-88). United Kingdom: CRC Press. [More Information]
Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2013). Spike timing in early stages of visual processing. In Patricia M. Di Lorenzo, Jonathan D. Victor (Eds.), Spike Timing: Mechanisms and Function, (pp. 343-373). Boca Ratoa: CRC Press. [More Information]
Silveira, L., Grunert, U., Kremers, J., Lee, B., Martin, P. (2005). Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Primate Retina. In Jan Kremers (Eds.), The Primate Visual System: A Comparative Approach, (pp. 127-160). United States: John Wiley & Sons.
Kremers, J., Kaas, J., Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2005). The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. In Jan Kremers (Eds.), The Primate Visual System: A Comparative Approach, (pp. 161-190). United States: John Wiley & Sons.
Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2003). Ganglion Cells in Mammalian Retinae. In Leo M. Chalupa, John S. Werner (Eds.), The Visual Neurosciences, (pp. 410-421). United States: The MIT Press.

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Journals

Kim, Y., Packer, O., Pollreisz, A., Martin, P., Grunert, U., Dacey, D. (2023). Comparative connectomics reveals noncanonical wiring for color vision in human foveal retina. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(118), e2300545120. [More Information]
Ma, I., Nasir Ahmad, S., Lee, S., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2023). Contribution of parasol-magnocellular pathway ganglion cells to foveal retina in macaque monkey. Vision Research, 202. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2023). Neurons share an intense load. Science, 379(6630), 335-336. [More Information]
Daumail, L., Carlson, B., Mitchell, B., Cox, M., Westerberg, J., Johnson, C., Martin, P., Tong, F., Maier, A., Dougherty, K. (2023). Rapid adaptation of primate LGN neurons to drifting grating stimulation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 129(6), 1447-1467. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2023). The Verriest Lecture: Pathways to color in the eye and brain. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 40(3), V1-V10. [More Information]
Baldicano, A., Nasir Ahmad, S., Novelli, M., Lee, S., Do, M., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2022). Retinal ganglion cells expressing CaM kinase II in human and nonhuman primates. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 530(9), 1470-1493. [More Information]
Nasir Ahmad, S., Vanstone, K., Novelli, M., Lee, S., Do, M., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2022). Satb1 expression in retinal ganglion cells of marmosets, macaques, and humans. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 530(6), 923-940. [More Information]
Fritzsch, B., Martin, P. (2022). Vision and retina evolution: How to develop a retina. IBRO Neuroscience Reports, 12, 240-248. [More Information]
Dougherty, K., Carlson, B., Cox, M., Westerberg, J., Zinke, W., Schmid, M., Martin, P., Maier, A. (2021). Binocular suppression in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus reveals early competitive interactions between the eyes. eNeuro, 8(2), ENEURO.0364-20.2020. [More Information]
Masri, R., Weltzien, F., Purushothuman, S., Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2021). Composition of the inner nuclear layer in human retina. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 62(9), 22. [More Information]
Nasir Ahmad, S., Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2021). Identification of retinal ganglion cell types expressing the transcription factor Satb2 in three primate species. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 529(10), 2727-2749. [More Information]
Liu, Y., Long, X., Martin, P., Solomon, S., Gong, P. (2021). Lévy walk dynamics explain gamma burst patterns in primate cerebral cortex. Communications Biology, 4(1), 739. [More Information]
Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2021). Morphology, Molecular Characterization, and Connections of Ganglion Cells in Primate Retina. Annual Review of Vision Science, 7, 73-103. [More Information]
Eiber, C., Huang, J., Chen, S., Zeater, N., Pietersen, A., Protti, D., Martin, P. (2021). Rapid analysis of visual receptive fields by iterative tomography. eNeuro, 8(6), ENEURO.0046-21.2021. [More Information]
Grunert, U., Lee, S., Kwan, W., Mundinano, I., Bourne, J., Martin, P. (2021). Retinal ganglion cells projecting to superior colliculus and pulvinar in marmoset. Brain Structure and Function, 226(9), 2745-2762. [More Information]
Hepschke, J., Martin, P., Fraser, C. (2021). Short-Wave Sensitive (“Blue”) Cone Activation Is an Aggravating Factor for Visual Snow Symptoms. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 697923. [More Information]
Masri, R., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2020). Analysis of Parvocellular and Magnocellular Visual Pathways in Human Retina. Journal of Neuroscience, 40(42), 8132-8148. [More Information]
Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2020). Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 78, 100844. [More Information]
Munn, B., Zeater, N., Pietersen, A., Solomon, S., Cheong, S., Martin, P., Gong, P. (2020). Fractal spike dynamics and neuronal coupling in the primate visual system. Journal of Physiology, 598(8), 1551-1571. [More Information]
Munn, B., Zeater, N., Pietersen, A., Solomon, S., Cheong, S., Martin, P., Gong, P. (2020). Fractal spike dynamics and neuronal coupling in the primate visual system. Journal of Physiology, 598(8), 1425-1426. [More Information]
Belluccini, E., Zeater, N., Pietersen, A., Eiber, C., Martin, P. (2019). Binocular summation in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus. Visual Neuroscience, 36, 1-11. [More Information]
Ahmad, S., Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2019). Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in human retina: Morphology, distribution, and synaptic connections. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(1), 312-327. [More Information]
Zeater, N., Buzas, P., Dreher, B., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2019). Projections of three subcortical visual centers to marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(3), 535-545. [More Information]
Huo, B., Zeater, N., Lin, M., Takahashi, Y., Hanada, M., Nagashima, J., Lee, B., Hata, J., Zaheer, A., Grunert, U., Martin, P., et al (2019). Relation of koniocellular layers of dorsal lateral geniculate to inferior pulvinar nuclei in common marmosets. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50(12), 4004-4017. [More Information]
Masri, R., Percival, K., Koizumi, A., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2019). Survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(1), 236-258. [More Information]
Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2019). The koniocellular whiteboard. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(3), 505-507. [More Information]
Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2019). Topography of Neurons in the Rod Pathway of Human Retina. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 60(8), 2848-2859. [More Information]
Kwan, W., Mundinano, I., de Souza, M., Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U., Bourne, J. (2019). Unravelling the subcortical and retinal circuitry of the primate inferior pulvinar. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(3), 558-576. [More Information]
Conway, B., Eskew, R., Martin, P., Stockman, A. (2018). A tour of contemporary color vision research. Vision Research, 151, 2-6. [More Information]
Eiber, C., Pietersen, A., Zeater, N., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2018). Chromatic summation and receptive field properties of blue-on and blue-off cells in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus. Vision Research, 151, 41-52. [More Information]
Conway, B., Eskew, R., Martin, P., Stockman, A. (2018). Editorial. Vision Research, 151, 1. [More Information]
Eiber, C., Rahman, A., Pietersen, A., Zeater, N., Dreher, B., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2018). Receptive field properties of koniocellular on/off neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of marmoset monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 38(48), 10384-10398. [More Information]
Shevell, S., Martin, P. (2017). Color opponency: Tutorial. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 34(7), 1099-1108. [More Information]
Pietersen, S., Cheong, S., Munn, B., Gong, P., Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2017). Relationship between cortical state and spiking activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus of marmosets. Journal of Physiology, 595(13), 4475-4492. [More Information]
Kobor, P., Petyko, Z., Telkes, I., Martin, P., Buzas, P. (2017). Temporal properties of colour opponent receptive fields in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. European Journal of Neuroscience, 45(11), 1368-1378. [More Information]
Townsend, R., Solomon, S., Martin, P., Solomon, S., Gong, P. (2017). Visual motion discrimination by propagating patterns in primate cerebral cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(42), 10074-10084. [More Information]
Masri, R., Percival, K., Koizumi, A., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2016). Connectivity between the OFF bipolar type DB3a and six types of ganglion cell in the marmoset retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 524(9), 1839-1858. [More Information]
Lee, S., Weltzien, F., Madigan, M., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2016). Identification of AII amacrine, displaced amacrine, and bistratified ganglion cell types in human retina with antibodies against calretinin. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 524(1), 39-53. [More Information]
Weltzien, F., Percival, K., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2015). Analysis of Bipolar and Amacrine Populations in Marmoset Retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 523(2), 313-334. [More Information]
Fitzgibbon, T., Erikoz, B., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2015). Analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus in dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 253(13), 1948-1966. [More Information]
Zeater, N., Cheong, S., Solomon, S., Dreher, B., Martin, P. (2015). Binocular Visual Responses in the Primate Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. Current Biology, 25, 3190-3195. [More Information]
Townsend, R., Solomon, S., Chen, S., Pietersen, S., Martin, P., Solomon, S., Gong, P. (2015). Emergence of Complex Wave Patterns in Primate Cerebral Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(11), 4657-4662. [More Information]
Weltzien, F., Dimarco, S., Protti, D., Daraio, T., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2014). Characterization of secretagogin immunoreactive amacrine cells in marmoset retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 522(2), 435-455. [More Information]
Martin, P., Lee, B. (2014). Distribution and specificity of S-cone ("blue cone") signals in subcortical visual pathways. Visual Neuroscience, 31(2), 177-187. [More Information]
Percival, K., Koizumi, A., Masri, R., BuzÃ¡s, P., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2014). Identification of a Pathway from the Retina to Koniocellular Layer K1 in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Marmoset. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(1), 3821-3825. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2014). Neuroscience: Who Needs a Parasol at Night? Current Biology, 24(24), R1164-R1166. [More Information]
Pietersen, S., Cheong, S., Solomon, S., Tailby, C., Martin, P. (2014). Temporal response properties of koniocellular (blue-on and blue-off) cells in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 112(6), 1421-1438. [More Information]
Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2013). Color signals in retina and lateral geniculate nucleus of marmoset monkeys. Psychology and Neuroscience, 6(2), 151-163. [More Information]
Cheong, S., Tailby, C., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2013). Cortical-Like Receptive Fields in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Marmoset Monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(16), 6864-6876. [More Information]
Jayakumar, J., Roy, S., Dreher, B., Martin, P., Vidyasagar, T. (2013). Multiple pathways carry signals from short-wavelength-sensitive ('blue') cones to the middle temporal area of the macaque. Journal of Physiology, 591(1), 339-352. [More Information]
Percival, K., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2013). Organisation of koniocellular-projecting ganglion cells and diffuse bipolar cells in the primate fovea. European Journal of Neuroscience, 37(7), 1072-1089. [More Information]
Buzás, P., Kóbor, P., Petykó, Z., Telkes, I., Martin, P., Lénárd, L. (2013). Receptive Field Properties of Color Opponent Neurons in the Cat Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(4), 1451-1461. [More Information]
Abbott, C., Percival, K., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2012). Amacrine and bipolar inputs to midget and parasol ganglion cells in marmoset retina. Visual Neuroscience, 29(3), 157-168. [More Information]
Tailby, C., Cheong, S., Pietersen, S., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2012). Colour and pattern selectivity of receptive fields in superior colliculus of marmoset monkeys. Journal of Physiology, 590(16), 4061-4077. [More Information]
Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2011). Information processing in the primate visual system. Journal of Physiology, 589(Pt 1), 29-31. [More Information]
Cheong, S., Tailby, C., Martin, P., Levitt, J., Solomon, S. (2011). Slow intrinsic rhythm in the koniocellular visual pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(35), 14659-14663. [More Information]
Percival, K., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2011). Synaptic Inputs to Two Types of Koniocellular Pathway Ganglion Cells in Marmoset Retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 519(11), 2135-2153. [More Information]
Martin, P., Blessing, E., Buzás, P., Szmajda, B., Forte, J. (2011). Transmission of colour and acuity signals by parvocellular cells in marmoset monkeys. Journal of Physiology, 589(11), 2795-2812. [More Information]
Tailby, C., Dobbie, W., Solomon, S., Szmajda, B., Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Forte, J., Martin, P. (2010). Receptive field asymmetries produce color-dependent direction selectivity in primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Vision, 10(8), 1-18. [More Information]
Lee, B., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2010). Retinal connectivity and primate vision. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 29(6), 622-639. [More Information]
Roy, S., Jayakumar, J., Martin, P., Dreher, B., Saalmann, Y., Hu, D., Vidyasagar, T. (2009). Segregation of short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cone signals in the macaque dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30(8), 1517-1526. [More Information]
Percival, K., Jusuf, P., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2009). Synaptic Inputs Onto Small Bistratified (Blue-ON/Yellow-OFF) Ganglion Cells in Marmoset Retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 517(5), 655-669. [More Information]
Buzás, P., Szmajda, B., Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Dreher, B., Martin, P. (2008). Color signals in the primary visual cortex of marmosets. Journal of Vision, 8(10), 7-1-7-16. [More Information]
Szmajda, B., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2008). Retinal Ganglion Cell Inputs to the Koniocellular Pathway. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 510(3), 251-268. [More Information]
Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Blessing, E., Dreher, B., Martin, P. (2008). Segregation of short-wavelength sensitive ("blue") cone signals among neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and striate cortex of marmosets. Vision Research, 48(26), 2604-2614. [More Information]
Tailby, C., Szmajda, B., Buzás, P., Lee, B., Martin, P. (2008). Transmission of blue (S) cone signals through the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Physiology, 586(24), 5947-5967. [More Information]
Fitzgibbon, T., Szmajda, B., Martin, P. (2007). First order connections of the visual sector of the thalamic reticular nucleus in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Visual Neuroscience, 24(6), 857-874. [More Information]
Victor, J., Blessing, E., Forte, J., Buzás, P., Martin, P. (2007). Response variability of marmoset parvocellular neurons. Journal of Physiology, 579(1), 29-51. [More Information]
Masland, R., Martin, P. (2007). The unsolved mystery of vision. Current Biology, 17(15), R577-R582. [More Information]
Forte, J., Blessing, E., Buzás, P., Martin, P. (2006). Contribution of chromatic aberrations to color signals in the primate visual system. Journal of Vision, 6(2), 97-105. [More Information]
Szmajda, B., Buzás, P., Fitzgibbon, T., Martin, P. (2006). Geniculocortical relay of blue-off signals in the primate visual system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(51), 19512-19517. [More Information]
Jusuf, P., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2006). Random Wiring in the Midget Pathway of Primate Retina. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(15), 3908-3917. [More Information]
Buzás, P., Blessing, E., Szmajda, B., Martin, P. (2006). Specificity of M and L Cone Inputs to Receptive Fields in the Parvocellular Pathway: Random Wiring with Functional Bias. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(43), 11148-11161. [More Information]
Jusuf, P., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2006). Synaptic Connectivity in the Midget-Parvocellular Pathway of Primate Central Retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 494(2), 260-274. [More Information]
Solomon, S., Lee, B., White, A., Rüttiger, L., Martin, P. (2005). Chromatic organization of ganglion cell receptive fields in the peripheral retina. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(18), 4527-4539. [More Information]
Szmajda, B., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2005). Mosaic properties of midget and parasol ganglion cells in the marmoset retina. Visual Neuroscience, 22(4), 395-404. [More Information]
Forte, J., Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Dobbie, W., Dreher, B., Martin, P. (2005). Spatial coding and response redundancy in parallel visual pathways of the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Visual Neuroscience, 22(4), 479-491. [More Information]
Blessing, E., Solomon, S., Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Morris, B., Martin, P. (2004). Chromatic And Spatial Properties Of Parvocellular Cells In The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Of The Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus). Journal of Physiology, 557(1), 229-245. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2004). Colour through the thalamus. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 87(4-5), 249-257. [More Information]
Grunert, U., Lin, B., Martin, P. (2003). Glutamate Receptors at Bipolar Synapses in the Inner Plexiform Layer of Primate Retina: Light Microscopic Analysis. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 466(1), 136-147. [More Information]
Clifford, C., Spehar, B., Solomon, S., Martin, P., Zaidi, Q. (2003). Interactions between color and luminance in the pereption of orientation. Journal of Vision, 3(2), 106-115. [More Information]
Lin, B., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2002). Expression and distribution of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits on parasol ganglion cells in the primate retina. Visual Neuroscience, 19(4), 453-465. [More Information]
Solomon, S., White, A., Martin, P. (2002). Extraclassical receptive field properties of parvocellular magnocellular and koniocellular cells in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience, 22(1), 338-349. [More Information]
Solomon, S., Martin, P., White, A., Rüttiger, L., Lee, B. (2002). Modulation sensitivity of ganglion cells in peripheral retina of macaque. Vision Research, 42(27), 2893-2898. [More Information]
Chan, T., Martin, P., Clunas, N., Grunert, U. (2001). Bipolar Cell diversity in the primate retina: morphologic and immunocytochemical analysis of a New World Monkey, the Marmoset Callithrix Jacchus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 437, 219-239. [More Information]
Martin, P., White, A., Solomon, S., Lee, K., Rüttiger, L. (2001). Chromatic sensitivity of ganglion cells in the peripheral primate retina. Nature, 410, 933-935. [More Information]
Chan, T., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2001). Immunocytochemical identification and analysis of the diffuse bipolar cell type DB6 in macaque monkey retina. European Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 829-832. [More Information]
White, A., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2001). Spatial properties of koniocellular cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Journal of Physiology, 533.2, 519-535.

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Reference Works

Martin, P. (2008). Retinal Colour Vision in Primates. In M.D. Binder, N. Hirokawa, U. Windhorst, M.C. Hirsch (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Germany: Springer.

By Year

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2023

Kim, Y., Packer, O., Pollreisz, A., Martin, P., Grunert, U., Dacey, D. (2023). Comparative connectomics reveals noncanonical wiring for color vision in human foveal retina. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(118), e2300545120. [More Information]
Ma, I., Nasir Ahmad, S., Lee, S., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2023). Contribution of parasol-magnocellular pathway ganglion cells to foveal retina in macaque monkey. Vision Research, 202. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2023). Neurons share an intense load. Science, 379(6630), 335-336. [More Information]
Daumail, L., Carlson, B., Mitchell, B., Cox, M., Westerberg, J., Johnson, C., Martin, P., Tong, F., Maier, A., Dougherty, K. (2023). Rapid adaptation of primate LGN neurons to drifting grating stimulation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 129(6), 1447-1467. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2023). The Verriest Lecture: Pathways to color in the eye and brain. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 40(3), V1-V10. [More Information]

show 2 more

2022

Baldicano, A., Nasir Ahmad, S., Novelli, M., Lee, S., Do, M., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2022). Retinal ganglion cells expressing CaM kinase II in human and nonhuman primates. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 530(9), 1470-1493. [More Information]
Nasir Ahmad, S., Vanstone, K., Novelli, M., Lee, S., Do, M., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2022). Satb1 expression in retinal ganglion cells of marmosets, macaques, and humans. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 530(6), 923-940. [More Information]
Fritzsch, B., Martin, P. (2022). Vision and retina evolution: How to develop a retina. IBRO Neuroscience Reports, 12, 240-248. [More Information]
Martin, P., Fritzsch, B. (2022). Vision and Retina Information Processing From Opsins to the Visual Cortex. In Bernd Fritzsch, Karen L. Elliott (Eds.), Evolution of Neurosensory Cells and Systems: Gene regulation and cellular networks and processes, (pp. 61-88). United Kingdom: CRC Press. [More Information]

show 1 more

2021

Dougherty, K., Carlson, B., Cox, M., Westerberg, J., Zinke, W., Schmid, M., Martin, P., Maier, A. (2021). Binocular suppression in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus reveals early competitive interactions between the eyes. eNeuro, 8(2), ENEURO.0364-20.2020. [More Information]
Masri, R., Weltzien, F., Purushothuman, S., Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2021). Composition of the inner nuclear layer in human retina. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 62(9), 22. [More Information]
Nasir Ahmad, S., Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2021). Identification of retinal ganglion cell types expressing the transcription factor Satb2 in three primate species. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 529(10), 2727-2749. [More Information]
Liu, Y., Long, X., Martin, P., Solomon, S., Gong, P. (2021). Lévy walk dynamics explain gamma burst patterns in primate cerebral cortex. Communications Biology, 4(1), 739. [More Information]
Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2021). Morphology, Molecular Characterization, and Connections of Ganglion Cells in Primate Retina. Annual Review of Vision Science, 7, 73-103. [More Information]
Eiber, C., Huang, J., Chen, S., Zeater, N., Pietersen, A., Protti, D., Martin, P. (2021). Rapid analysis of visual receptive fields by iterative tomography. eNeuro, 8(6), ENEURO.0046-21.2021. [More Information]
Grunert, U., Lee, S., Kwan, W., Mundinano, I., Bourne, J., Martin, P. (2021). Retinal ganglion cells projecting to superior colliculus and pulvinar in marmoset. Brain Structure and Function, 226(9), 2745-2762. [More Information]
Hepschke, J., Martin, P., Fraser, C. (2021). Short-Wave Sensitive (“Blue”) Cone Activation Is an Aggravating Factor for Visual Snow Symptoms. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 697923. [More Information]

show 5 more

2020

Masri, R., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2020). Analysis of Parvocellular and Magnocellular Visual Pathways in Human Retina. Journal of Neuroscience, 40(42), 8132-8148. [More Information]
Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2020). Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 78, 100844. [More Information]
Munn, B., Zeater, N., Pietersen, A., Solomon, S., Cheong, S., Martin, P., Gong, P. (2020). Fractal spike dynamics and neuronal coupling in the primate visual system. Journal of Physiology, 598(8), 1551-1571. [More Information]
Munn, B., Zeater, N., Pietersen, A., Solomon, S., Cheong, S., Martin, P., Gong, P. (2020). Fractal spike dynamics and neuronal coupling in the primate visual system. Journal of Physiology, 598(8), 1425-1426. [More Information]
Fritzsch, B., Martin, P. (2020). The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference (Second Edition). Volume 1: Vision. Oxford: Elsevier.

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2019

Belluccini, E., Zeater, N., Pietersen, A., Eiber, C., Martin, P. (2019). Binocular summation in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus. Visual Neuroscience, 36, 1-11. [More Information]
Ahmad, S., Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2019). Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in human retina: Morphology, distribution, and synaptic connections. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(1), 312-327. [More Information]
Zeater, N., Buzas, P., Dreher, B., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2019). Projections of three subcortical visual centers to marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(3), 535-545. [More Information]
Huo, B., Zeater, N., Lin, M., Takahashi, Y., Hanada, M., Nagashima, J., Lee, B., Hata, J., Zaheer, A., Grunert, U., Martin, P., et al (2019). Relation of koniocellular layers of dorsal lateral geniculate to inferior pulvinar nuclei in common marmosets. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50(12), 4004-4017. [More Information]
Masri, R., Percival, K., Koizumi, A., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2019). Survey of retinal ganglion cell morphology in marmoset. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(1), 236-258. [More Information]
Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2019). The koniocellular whiteboard. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(3), 505-507. [More Information]
Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2019). Topography of Neurons in the Rod Pathway of Human Retina. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 60(8), 2848-2859. [More Information]
Kwan, W., Mundinano, I., de Souza, M., Lee, S., Martin, P., Grunert, U., Bourne, J. (2019). Unravelling the subcortical and retinal circuitry of the primate inferior pulvinar. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 527(3), 558-576. [More Information]

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2018

Conway, B., Eskew, R., Martin, P., Stockman, A. (2018). A tour of contemporary color vision research. Vision Research, 151, 2-6. [More Information]
Eiber, C., Pietersen, A., Zeater, N., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2018). Chromatic summation and receptive field properties of blue-on and blue-off cells in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus. Vision Research, 151, 41-52. [More Information]
Conway, B., Eskew, R., Martin, P., Stockman, A. (2018). Editorial. Vision Research, 151, 1. [More Information]
Eiber, C., Rahman, A., Pietersen, A., Zeater, N., Dreher, B., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2018). Receptive field properties of koniocellular on/off neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of marmoset monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 38(48), 10384-10398. [More Information]

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2017

Shevell, S., Martin, P. (2017). Color opponency: Tutorial. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 34(7), 1099-1108. [More Information]
Pietersen, S., Cheong, S., Munn, B., Gong, P., Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2017). Relationship between cortical state and spiking activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus of marmosets. Journal of Physiology, 595(13), 4475-4492. [More Information]
Kobor, P., Petyko, Z., Telkes, I., Martin, P., Buzas, P. (2017). Temporal properties of colour opponent receptive fields in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. European Journal of Neuroscience, 45(11), 1368-1378. [More Information]
Townsend, R., Solomon, S., Martin, P., Solomon, S., Gong, P. (2017). Visual motion discrimination by propagating patterns in primate cerebral cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(42), 10074-10084. [More Information]

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2016

Masri, R., Percival, K., Koizumi, A., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2016). Connectivity between the OFF bipolar type DB3a and six types of ganglion cell in the marmoset retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 524(9), 1839-1858. [More Information]
Lee, S., Weltzien, F., Madigan, M., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2016). Identification of AII amacrine, displaced amacrine, and bistratified ganglion cell types in human retina with antibodies against calretinin. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 524(1), 39-53. [More Information]

2015

Weltzien, F., Percival, K., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2015). Analysis of Bipolar and Amacrine Populations in Marmoset Retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 523(2), 313-334. [More Information]
Fitzgibbon, T., Erikoz, B., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2015). Analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus in dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 253(13), 1948-1966. [More Information]
Zeater, N., Cheong, S., Solomon, S., Dreher, B., Martin, P. (2015). Binocular Visual Responses in the Primate Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. Current Biology, 25, 3190-3195. [More Information]
Townsend, R., Solomon, S., Chen, S., Pietersen, S., Martin, P., Solomon, S., Gong, P. (2015). Emergence of Complex Wave Patterns in Primate Cerebral Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(11), 4657-4662. [More Information]

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2014

Weltzien, F., Dimarco, S., Protti, D., Daraio, T., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2014). Characterization of secretagogin immunoreactive amacrine cells in marmoset retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 522(2), 435-455. [More Information]
Martin, P., Lee, B. (2014). Distribution and specificity of S-cone ("blue cone") signals in subcortical visual pathways. Visual Neuroscience, 31(2), 177-187. [More Information]
Percival, K., Koizumi, A., Masri, R., BuzÃ¡s, P., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2014). Identification of a Pathway from the Retina to Koniocellular Layer K1 in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Marmoset. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(1), 3821-3825. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2014). Neuroscience: Who Needs a Parasol at Night? Current Biology, 24(24), R1164-R1166. [More Information]
Pietersen, S., Cheong, S., Solomon, S., Tailby, C., Martin, P. (2014). Temporal response properties of koniocellular (blue-on and blue-off) cells in marmoset lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 112(6), 1421-1438. [More Information]

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2013

Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2013). Color signals in retina and lateral geniculate nucleus of marmoset monkeys. Psychology and Neuroscience, 6(2), 151-163. [More Information]
Cheong, S., Tailby, C., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2013). Cortical-Like Receptive Fields in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of Marmoset Monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(16), 6864-6876. [More Information]
Jayakumar, J., Roy, S., Dreher, B., Martin, P., Vidyasagar, T. (2013). Multiple pathways carry signals from short-wavelength-sensitive ('blue') cones to the middle temporal area of the macaque. Journal of Physiology, 591(1), 339-352. [More Information]
Percival, K., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2013). Organisation of koniocellular-projecting ganglion cells and diffuse bipolar cells in the primate fovea. European Journal of Neuroscience, 37(7), 1072-1089. [More Information]
Buzás, P., Kóbor, P., Petykó, Z., Telkes, I., Martin, P., Lénárd, L. (2013). Receptive Field Properties of Color Opponent Neurons in the Cat Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(4), 1451-1461. [More Information]
Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2013). Spike timing in early stages of visual processing. In Patricia M. Di Lorenzo, Jonathan D. Victor (Eds.), Spike Timing: Mechanisms and Function, (pp. 343-373). Boca Ratoa: CRC Press. [More Information]

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2012

Abbott, C., Percival, K., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2012). Amacrine and bipolar inputs to midget and parasol ganglion cells in marmoset retina. Visual Neuroscience, 29(3), 157-168. [More Information]
Tailby, C., Cheong, S., Pietersen, S., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2012). Colour and pattern selectivity of receptive fields in superior colliculus of marmoset monkeys. Journal of Physiology, 590(16), 4061-4077. [More Information]

2011

Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2011). Information processing in the primate visual system. Journal of Physiology, 589(Pt 1), 29-31. [More Information]
Cheong, S., Tailby, C., Martin, P., Levitt, J., Solomon, S. (2011). Slow intrinsic rhythm in the koniocellular visual pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(35), 14659-14663. [More Information]
Percival, K., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2011). Synaptic Inputs to Two Types of Koniocellular Pathway Ganglion Cells in Marmoset Retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 519(11), 2135-2153. [More Information]
Martin, P., Blessing, E., Buzás, P., Szmajda, B., Forte, J. (2011). Transmission of colour and acuity signals by parvocellular cells in marmoset monkeys. Journal of Physiology, 589(11), 2795-2812. [More Information]

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2010

Tailby, C., Dobbie, W., Solomon, S., Szmajda, B., Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Forte, J., Martin, P. (2010). Receptive field asymmetries produce color-dependent direction selectivity in primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Vision, 10(8), 1-18. [More Information]
Lee, B., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2010). Retinal connectivity and primate vision. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 29(6), 622-639. [More Information]

2009

Roy, S., Jayakumar, J., Martin, P., Dreher, B., Saalmann, Y., Hu, D., Vidyasagar, T. (2009). Segregation of short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cone signals in the macaque dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30(8), 1517-1526. [More Information]
Percival, K., Jusuf, P., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2009). Synaptic Inputs Onto Small Bistratified (Blue-ON/Yellow-OFF) Ganglion Cells in Marmoset Retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 517(5), 655-669. [More Information]

2008

Buzás, P., Szmajda, B., Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Dreher, B., Martin, P. (2008). Color signals in the primary visual cortex of marmosets. Journal of Vision, 8(10), 7-1-7-16. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2008). Retinal Colour Vision in Primates. In M.D. Binder, N. Hirokawa, U. Windhorst, M.C. Hirsch (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Germany: Springer.
Szmajda, B., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2008). Retinal Ganglion Cell Inputs to the Koniocellular Pathway. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 510(3), 251-268. [More Information]
Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Blessing, E., Dreher, B., Martin, P. (2008). Segregation of short-wavelength sensitive ("blue") cone signals among neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and striate cortex of marmosets. Vision Research, 48(26), 2604-2614. [More Information]
Tailby, C., Szmajda, B., Buzás, P., Lee, B., Martin, P. (2008). Transmission of blue (S) cone signals through the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Physiology, 586(24), 5947-5967. [More Information]

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2007

Fitzgibbon, T., Szmajda, B., Martin, P. (2007). First order connections of the visual sector of the thalamic reticular nucleus in marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus). Visual Neuroscience, 24(6), 857-874. [More Information]
Victor, J., Blessing, E., Forte, J., Buzás, P., Martin, P. (2007). Response variability of marmoset parvocellular neurons. Journal of Physiology, 579(1), 29-51. [More Information]
Masland, R., Martin, P. (2007). The unsolved mystery of vision. Current Biology, 17(15), R577-R582. [More Information]

2006

Forte, J., Blessing, E., Buzás, P., Martin, P. (2006). Contribution of chromatic aberrations to color signals in the primate visual system. Journal of Vision, 6(2), 97-105. [More Information]
Szmajda, B., Buzás, P., Fitzgibbon, T., Martin, P. (2006). Geniculocortical relay of blue-off signals in the primate visual system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(51), 19512-19517. [More Information]
Jusuf, P., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2006). Random Wiring in the Midget Pathway of Primate Retina. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(15), 3908-3917. [More Information]
Buzás, P., Blessing, E., Szmajda, B., Martin, P. (2006). Specificity of M and L Cone Inputs to Receptive Fields in the Parvocellular Pathway: Random Wiring with Functional Bias. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(43), 11148-11161. [More Information]
Jusuf, P., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2006). Synaptic Connectivity in the Midget-Parvocellular Pathway of Primate Central Retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 494(2), 260-274. [More Information]

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2005

Solomon, S., Lee, B., White, A., Rüttiger, L., Martin, P. (2005). Chromatic organization of ganglion cell receptive fields in the peripheral retina. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(18), 4527-4539. [More Information]
Silveira, L., Grunert, U., Kremers, J., Lee, B., Martin, P. (2005). Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Primate Retina. In Jan Kremers (Eds.), The Primate Visual System: A Comparative Approach, (pp. 127-160). United States: John Wiley & Sons.
Szmajda, B., Grunert, U., Martin, P. (2005). Mosaic properties of midget and parasol ganglion cells in the marmoset retina. Visual Neuroscience, 22(4), 395-404. [More Information]
Forte, J., Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Dobbie, W., Dreher, B., Martin, P. (2005). Spatial coding and response redundancy in parallel visual pathways of the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Visual Neuroscience, 22(4), 479-491. [More Information]
Kremers, J., Kaas, J., Martin, P., Solomon, S. (2005). The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. In Jan Kremers (Eds.), The Primate Visual System: A Comparative Approach, (pp. 161-190). United States: John Wiley & Sons.

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2004

Blessing, E., Solomon, S., Hashemi-Nezhad, M., Morris, B., Martin, P. (2004). Chromatic And Spatial Properties Of Parvocellular Cells In The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Of The Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus). Journal of Physiology, 557(1), 229-245. [More Information]
Martin, P. (2004). Colour through the thalamus. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 87(4-5), 249-257. [More Information]

2003

Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2003). Ganglion Cells in Mammalian Retinae. In Leo M. Chalupa, John S. Werner (Eds.), The Visual Neurosciences, (pp. 410-421). United States: The MIT Press.
Grunert, U., Lin, B., Martin, P. (2003). Glutamate Receptors at Bipolar Synapses in the Inner Plexiform Layer of Primate Retina: Light Microscopic Analysis. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 466(1), 136-147. [More Information]
Clifford, C., Spehar, B., Solomon, S., Martin, P., Zaidi, Q. (2003). Interactions between color and luminance in the pereption of orientation. Journal of Vision, 3(2), 106-115. [More Information]

2002

Lin, B., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2002). Expression and distribution of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits on parasol ganglion cells in the primate retina. Visual Neuroscience, 19(4), 453-465. [More Information]
Solomon, S., White, A., Martin, P. (2002). Extraclassical receptive field properties of parvocellular magnocellular and koniocellular cells in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience, 22(1), 338-349. [More Information]
Solomon, S., Martin, P., White, A., Rüttiger, L., Lee, B. (2002). Modulation sensitivity of ganglion cells in peripheral retina of macaque. Vision Research, 42(27), 2893-2898. [More Information]

2001

Chan, T., Martin, P., Clunas, N., Grunert, U. (2001). Bipolar Cell diversity in the primate retina: morphologic and immunocytochemical analysis of a New World Monkey, the Marmoset Callithrix Jacchus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 437, 219-239. [More Information]
Martin, P., White, A., Solomon, S., Lee, K., Rüttiger, L. (2001). Chromatic sensitivity of ganglion cells in the peripheral primate retina. Nature, 410, 933-935. [More Information]
Chan, T., Martin, P., Grunert, U. (2001). Immunocytochemical identification and analysis of the diffuse bipolar cell type DB6 in macaque monkey retina. European Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 829-832. [More Information]
White, A., Solomon, S., Martin, P. (2001). Spatial properties of koniocellular cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Journal of Physiology, 533.2, 519-535.

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Selected Grants

2019

Structural and functional evidence for glymphatics and lymphatics in human posterior eye: Enhanced immune response and glymphatic/lymphatic changes in glaucoma, Martin P, Perpetual Trustees Charitable Trusts/IMPACT Philanthropy Scheme

2016

Mapping the human retina: a foundation study, Grunert U, Martin P, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants
Neural circuits for residual vision after damage to striate cortex, Rosa M, Martin P, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants

2015

Propagating Neural Waves: Combined Experimental and Modelling Study, Gong P, Martin P, Australian Research Council (ARC)/Discovery Projects (DP)
Brain pathways serving conscious and sub-conscious vision, Martin P, Solomon S, Dreher B, Grunert U, Rosa M, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants

2014

ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Egan G, Robinson P, Martin P, Grunert U, Australian Research Council (ARC)/ARC Centres of Excellence

2012

Zeiss Confocal Microscope, LSM700, McAvoy J, Martin P, Gillies M, Grunert U, Watson S, Lovicu F, DVC Research/Equipment Grant
The cellular organisation of interneurones in human retina, Grunert U, Martin P, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants

2011

Interaction of thalamic and cortical activity in the primate visual system, Martin P, Solomon S, Grunert U, Dreher B, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants

2010

Bio-Rad CFX384 Real-Time PCR Detection System, McAvoy J, Truscott R, Gillies M, Lovicu F, Martin P, Grunert U, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Equipment Grant
Non-standard receptive fields in the primate visual system, Martin P, Grunert U, Solomon S, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants

2001

ABI PRISM 7000 sequence detection system, Keay K, Martin P, Mason R, Stone J, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Equipment Grant

2000

Distribution of neurotransmitter receptors on identified cell populations in the primate retina, Grunert U, Martin P, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants
Colour information processing in the primate visual system, Dreher B, Martin P, Australian Research Council (ARC)/Large Research Grants (LRG)

1999

The visual system in dichromatic and trichomatic marmoset monkeys, Martin P, Sefton A, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants
Colour vision pathways in marmoset monkeys, Martin P, Goodchild A, Grunert U, Sefton A, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants
Structure and function of the third geniculocortical pathway in primates, Grunert U, Martin P, Sefton A, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants
Neurotransmitter receptor specificity and synaptic circuitry in the primate retina, Grunert U, Martin P, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants

Faculty of Medicine and Health

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Professor Paul Martin

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