Synthetic material could help heal injured tendons and ligaments
Australia’s love of sport means it has one of the highest rates of knee anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction in the world.
Worldwide, the costs of tendon and ligament rupture repair and surgery revision represent tens of billions of dollars of the clinical orthopaedic market.
A team of biomedical engineering researchers from the University of Sydney, working with the Regenerative Engineering Laboratory at Columbia University and the FAU Erlangen-Nurnberg Institute of Medical Biotechnology (Germany), are hoping to improve the outcomes of tendon and ligament repair by developing a new synthetic scaffold for their regeneration.
Led by School of Biomedical Engineering researchers Professor Hala Zreiqat, working with postdoctoral researcher Dr Young No, the researchers are the first to develop and patent novel fibre-reinforced hydrogel scaffolds, a synthetic substance that has the ability to mimic and replace human tendon and ligament tissue.
“Ruptures to tendons and ligaments mostly occur in accidents and when playing sport," said Professor Zreiqat, who is also the Director of the Australian Research Centre for Innovative BioEngineering and part of the Sydney Nano Institute.
"Worldwide and particularly in Australia, there is an immense clinical need for the development of readily available, off-the-shelf, mechanically strong synthetic tendon scaffolds.
“Conservative methods using immobilisation casts and movement restricting splints and braces often require several weeks of rehabilitation to achieve minimal functional recovery, while current implants carry a higher risk of rejection and infection.
“Our technology hopes to fast-track the restoration of tendons’ and ligaments’ mechanical function and support the growth of collagen tissue, without compromising the body’s biological response."
Tested on patellar tendon models in rats, the synthetic scaffold has been developed with a stress resistance and water volume similar to real tendons and ligaments, allowing for the improved in-growth of collagen tissue.
“Until now, synthetic scaffolds have come with a significant risk of implant failure, as well as poor biological tissue integration and abrasion,” said Zreiqat.
“Human tendons and ligaments are 70 percent water – they are complicated structures that include blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels and perform the task of linking bone to muscle and moving the body.
“For synthetic scaffolds to be accepted by the body, their physical and chemical architecture must align with human tendons and ligaments."
The researchers now hope to investigate the long-term behaviour of these scaffolds in both internal and external bodily conditions, as well as to observe tissue integration and biomechanics in larger animal models.
DISCLOSURE:
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Australian Research Council, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, the Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation, and the Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis at University of Sydney with technical support for Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis.
Dr Chang Hun Lee acknowledges support from the National Institute of Health. Dr Oliver Freidrich and Professor Hala Zreiqat acknowledge support through the German Academic exchange service and Universities Australia exchange scheme. Dr Oliver Freidrich acknowledges support through the German Research Foundation.
