Associate Professor Markus Hofer
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Associate Professor Markus Hofer

Lecturer
School of Life and Environmental Sciences
Phone
+61 2 9351 2233
Fax
+61 2 9351 5858
Associate Professor Markus Hofer

A/Prof Markus Hofer is a researcher at the University of Sydney. He has more than 15 years of experience as a clinical neuropathologist.

He obtained his medical doctorate at the Albert-Ludwigs University in Freiburg, Germany and was a senior consultant and the deputy head for the Department of Neuropathology at the University Hospital Marburg, Germany.

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body, containing over one hundred billion nerve cells. In contrast to other organs, the brain has a very limit capacity to regenerate and damage is often irreversible. One of the major ways the brain can become damaged is during inflammation. Inflammation is part of the process that the body uses to eliminate microbial infection but it also occurs during autoimmune disease and in response to external factors such as diet.

My research aims to understand the delicate balance of signalling factors that control inflammation in the brain and to explore the process of neurodegeneration. Part of my work focuses on how inflammation contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. To do this, my laboratory uses both in vivo and in vitro models including cell culture, transgenic and knock-out mice, as well as experimental infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a model for viral encephalitis.

In our lab, we offer research opportunities for undergraduate and postgraduate students. For more information, please visit www.hoferlab.com

Our research group is interested in a broad range of topics within the fields of neuropathology and immunobiology.

CYTOKINOPATHIES

Cytokinopathies are a group of debilitating diseases that are caused by inappropriate production of cytokines. Examples include Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and neuromyelitis optica (NMO).

We aim to identify the molecular mechanisms and key cellular targets that underlie cytokinopathies.

MATERNAL IMMUNE ACTIVATION

Pro-inflammatory stimuli such as infection, obesity or stress in mothers (termed maternal immune activation) affect the development of the brain in the fetus and are linked to an increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders including autism and Tourette syndrome.

Using novel mouse models we investigate how maternal immune stimuli affect brain development. We also test the potential of anti-inflammatory drugs in preventing neurodevelopmental disorders, guided by findings from our collaborators at Westmead Children’s Hospital.

INTERFERONS IN VIRUS DEFENSE

As their name suggests, interferons ‘interfere’ with viral replication, preventing an infection from spreading. However, interferons also play an important role in fine tuning the immune response.

Using models such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and zika virus, we investigate how the immune system responds to viruses through interferon signalling.

COLLABORATIONS

From mental health to gut bacteria, the immune system of the brain can have far reaching consequences for the rest of the body.

We use our knowledge and experimental techniques to support a broad range of collaborations across many different aspects of biology.

For more information, please visit www.hoferlab.com

Genetics and genomics, Molecular biology and biotechnology, Human health
Project titleResearch student
Modelling brain microvascular dysfunction in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome using induced plutipotent stem cellsRovin VERDILLO

Publications

Book Chapters

  • Hofer, M., Campbell, I. (2009). Central Nervous System Inflammation: Cytokines and JAK/STAT/SOCS Signal Transduction. In Binder MD, Hirokawa N, Windhorst U, Hirsch M. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, (pp. 641-650). New York: Springer. [More Information]

Journals

  • Spiteri, A., Suprunenko, T., Cutts, E., Suen, A., Ashhurst, T., Viengkhou, B., King, N., Hofer, M. (2024). CD8+ T Cells Mediate Lethal Lung Pathology in the Absence of PD-L1 and Type I Interferon Signalling following LCMV Infection. Viruses, 16(3), 390.
  • Bucknor, M., Dale, R., Hofer, M., Gururajan, A. (2024). High fat diet consumption and social instability stress impair stress adaptation and maternal care in C57Bl/6 dams. Information Sciences, 169, 107168. [More Information]
  • Viengkhou, B., Hofer, M., Hong, C., Mazur, C., Damle, S., Gallo, N., Fang, T., Henry, K., Campbell, I., Kamme, F. (2024). Interferon-α receptor antisense oligonucleotides reduce neuroinflammation and neuropathology in a mouse model of cerebral interferonopathy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 134(4), 169562. [More Information]

Conferences

  • Fernandes, K., Brockway, A., Campbell, L., Hofer, M., Carter, D. (2015). Cytokine induction by Cryptococcus strains of varying pathogenicity. The Australian Society for Microbiology Annual Scientific Meeting.
  • Hofer, M., Mueller, M., O'Sullivan, C., Manders, P., Campbell, I. (2007). Lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in STAT1 KO mice is associated with dysregulated PD-1/B7-H1 and a phenotypic switch in the T-cell response. International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, Interferon Anniversary Meeting (ISICR 2007), United Kingdom: Mary Ann Liebert Inc. Publishers.

2024

  • Spiteri, A., Suprunenko, T., Cutts, E., Suen, A., Ashhurst, T., Viengkhou, B., King, N., Hofer, M. (2024). CD8+ T Cells Mediate Lethal Lung Pathology in the Absence of PD-L1 and Type I Interferon Signalling following LCMV Infection. Viruses, 16(3), 390.
  • Bucknor, M., Dale, R., Hofer, M., Gururajan, A. (2024). High fat diet consumption and social instability stress impair stress adaptation and maternal care in C57Bl/6 dams. Information Sciences, 169, 107168. [More Information]
  • Viengkhou, B., Hofer, M., Hong, C., Mazur, C., Damle, S., Gallo, N., Fang, T., Henry, K., Campbell, I., Kamme, F. (2024). Interferon-α receptor antisense oligonucleotides reduce neuroinflammation and neuropathology in a mouse model of cerebral interferonopathy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 134(4), 169562. [More Information]

2023

  • Viengkhou, B., Hofer, M. (2023). Breaking down the cellular responses to type I interferon neurotoxicity in the brain. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1110593-1-1110593-14. [More Information]
  • Harney, D., Cielesh, M., Roberts, G., Vila, I., Viengkhou, B., Hofer, M., Laguette, N., Larance, M. (2023). Dietary restriction induces a sexually dimorphic type I interferon response in mice with gene-environment interactions. Cell Reports, 42(6). [More Information]
  • Hong, C., Mazur, C., Damle, S., Gallo, N., Fang, T., Henry, K., Campbell, I., Hofer, M., Kamme, F. (2023). Interferon-α receptor antisense oligonucleotides reduce neuroinflammation and neuropathology in a mouse model of cerebral interferonopathy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 134(4).

2022

  • Bucknor, M., Gururajan, A., Dale, R., Hofer, M. (2022). A comprehensive approach to modeling maternal immune activation in rodents. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16, 1-26. [More Information]
  • Telikani, Z., Monson, E., Hofer, M., Helbig, K. (2022). Antiviral response within different cell types of the CNS. Frontiers in Immunology, 13. [More Information]
  • Han, V., Jones, H., Patel, S., Mohammad, S., Hofer, M., Alshammery, S., Maple-Brown, E., Gold, W., Brilot-Turville, F., Dale, R. (2022). Emerging evidence of Toll-like receptors as a putative pathway linking maternal inflammation and neurodevelopmental disorders in human offspring: a systematic review. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 99, 91-105. [More Information]

2021

  • Viengkhou, B., White, M., Cordwell, S., Campbell, I., Hofer, M. (2021). A novel phosphoproteomic landscape evoked in response to type I interferon in the brain and in glial cells. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 18, 237. [More Information]
  • Spiteri, A., Terry, R., Wishart, C., Ashhurst, T., Campbell, I., Hofer, M., King, N. (2021). High-parameter cytometry unmasks microglial cell spatio-temporal response kinetics in severe neuroinflammatory disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 18(1), 166. [More Information]
  • Han, V., Patel, S., Jones, H., Nielsen, T., Mohammad, S., Hofer, M., Gold, W., Brilot-Turville, F., Lain, S., Nassar, N., Dale, R. (2021). Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 71. [More Information]

2020

  • Jung, S., Ashhurst, T., West, P., Viengkhou, B., King, N., Campbell, I., Hofer, M. (2020). Contribution of STAT1 to innate and adaptive immunity during type I interferon-mediated lethal virus infection. PLoS Pathogens, 16(4), e1008525. [More Information]

2019

  • Nitsch, L., Zimmermann, J., Krauthausen, M., Hofer, M., Saggu, R., Petzold, G., Heneka, M., Getts, D., Becker, A., Campbell, I., Muller, M. (2019). CNS-Specific Synthesis of Interleukin 23 Induces a Progressive Cerebellar Ataxia and the Accumulation of Both T and B Cells in the Brain: Characterization of a Novel Transgenic Mouse Model. Molecular Neurobiology, 56(12), 7977-7993. [More Information]
  • Suprunenko, T., Hofer, M. (2019). Complexities of Type I Interferon Biology: Lessons from LCMV. Viruses, 11(2), 1-20. [More Information]
  • Jones, H., Ho, A., Sharma, S., Mohammad, S., Kothur, K., Patel, S., Brilot-Turville, F., Guastella, A., Dale, R., Hofer, M. (2019). Maternal thyroid autoimmunity associated with acute-onset neuropsychiatric disorders and global regression in offspring. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 61(8), 984-988. [More Information]

2018

  • Jung, S., Suprunenko, T., Ashhurst, T., King, N., Hofer, M. (2018). Collateral damage: What effect does anti-CD4 and anti-CD8alpha antibody-mediated depletion have on leukocyte populations? Journal of Immunology, 201(7), 2176-2186. [More Information]
  • Li, W., Viengkhou, B., Denyer, G., West, P., Campbell, I., Hofer, M. (2018). Microglia have a more extensive and divergent response to interferon-alpha compared with astrocytes. GLIA, 66(10), 2058-2078. [More Information]

2017

  • Huber, M., Suprunenko, T., Ashhurst, T., Marbach, F., Raifer, H., Wolff, S., Strecker, T., Viengkhou, B., Jung, S., Obermann, H., King, N., Campbell, I., Hofer, M., et al (2017). IRF9 Prevents CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion in an Extrinsic Manner during Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection. Journal of Virology, 91(22), 1-15. [More Information]
  • Vachharajani, N., Joeris, T., Luu, M., Hartmann, S., Pautz, S., Jenike, E., Pantazis, G., Prinz, I., Hofer, M., Steinhoff, U., et al (2017). Prevention of colitis-associated cancer by selective targeting of immunoproteasome subunit LMP7. Oncotarget, 8(31), 50447-50459. [More Information]
  • Li, W., Hofer, M., Songkhunawej, P., Jung, S., Hancock, D., Denyer, G., Campbell, I. (2017). Type I interferon-regulated gene expression and signaling in murine mixed glial cells lacking signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 or 2 or interferon regulatory factor 9. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 292(14), 5845-5859. [More Information]

2016

  • Mikaelyan, A., Thompson, C., Hofer, M., Brune, A. (2016). Deterministic Assembly of Complex Bacterial Communities in Guts of Germ-Free Cockroaches. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 82(4), 1256-1263. [More Information]
  • Hofer, M., Campbell, I. (2016). Immunoinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system - The tale of two cytokines. British Journal of Pharmacology, 173(4), 716-728. [More Information]
  • Suprunenko, T., Hofer, M. (2016). The emerging role of interferon regulatory factor 9 in the antiviral host response and beyond. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 29, 35-43. [More Information]

2015

  • Almolda, B., de Labra, C., Barrera, I., Gruart, A., Delgado-Garcia, J., Villacampa, N., Vilella, A., Hofer, M., Hidalgo, J., Campbell, I., et al (2015). Alterations in microglial phenotype and hippocampal neuronal function in transgenic mice with astrocyte-targeted production of interleukin-10. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 45, 80-97. [More Information]
  • Campbell, L., Simonin, A., Chen, C., Ferdous, J., Padula, M., Harry, E., Hofer, M., Campbell, I., Carter, D. (2015). Cryptococcus Strains with Different Pathogenic Potentials Have Diverse Protein Secretomes. Eukaryotic Cell (Online), 14(6), 554-563. [More Information]
  • Fernandes, K., Brockway, A., Campbell, L., Hofer, M., Carter, D. (2015). Cytokine induction by Cryptococcus strains of varying pathogenicity. The Australian Society for Microbiology Annual Scientific Meeting.

2014

  • Teymoortash, A., Zieger, L., Hoch, S., Pagenstecher, A., Hofer, M. (2014). Distinct microscopic features of perineural invasion in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Histopathology, 64(7), 1037-1039. [More Information]
  • Li, W., Hofer, M., Jung, S., Lim, S., Campbell, I. (2014). IRF7-Dependent Type I Interferon Production Induces Lethal Immune-Mediated Disease in STAT1 Knockout Mice Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus. Journal of Virology, 88(13), 7578-7588. [More Information]
  • Nocon, A., Ip, J., Terry, R., Lim, S., Getts, D., Muller, M., Hofer, M., King, N., Campbell, I. (2014). The Bacteriostatic Protein Lipocalin 2 Is Induced in the Central Nervous System of Mice with West Nile Virus Encephalitis. Journal of Virology, 88(1), 679-689. [More Information]

2013

  • Hofer, M., Rohlfs, J., Teymoortash, A., Pagenstecher, A. (2013). A 62-year-old female with an intranasal mass extending into the lamina cribrosa. Brain Pathology, 23, 105-108. [More Information]
  • Zimmermann, J., Krauthausen, M., Hofer, M., Heneka, M., Campbell, I., Muller, M. (2013). CNS-Targeted Production of IL-17A Induces Glial Activation, Microvascular Pathology and Enhances the Neuroinflammatory Response to Systemic Endotoxemia. PloS One, 8(2), 1-13. [More Information]
  • Siegfried, A., Berchtold, S., Manncke, B., Deuschle, E., Reber, J., Ott, T., Weber, M., Kalinke, U., Hofer, M., Hatesuer, B., et al (2013). IFIT2 is an effector protein of type I IFN-mediated amplification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α secretion and LPS-induced endotoxin shock. Journal of Immunology, 191(7), 3913-3921. [More Information]

2012

  • Hofer, M., Riehmer, V., Kuhnt, D., Braun, V., Nimsky, C., Weber, R., Sommer, C., Pagenstecher, A. (2012). Genomic profiling to assess the clonal relationship between histologically distinct intracranial tumours. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 38(5), 500-504. [More Information]
  • Hofer, M., Li, W., Manders, P., Terry, R., Lim, S., King, N., Campbell, I. (2012). Mice deficient in STAT1 but not STAT2 or IRF9 develop a lethal CD4+ T-cell-mediated disease following infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Journal of Virology, 86(12), 6932-6946. [More Information]
  • Ghandourah, S., Hofer, M., Kiessling, A., El-Zayat, B., Schofer, M. (2012). Painful muscle fibrosis following synthol injections in a bodybuilder: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 6, 248. [More Information]

2011

  • Ip, J., Nocon, A., Hofer, M., Lim, S., Müller, M., Campbell, I. (2011). Lipocalin 2 in the central nervous system host response to systemic lipopolysaccharide administration. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 8(124), 1-15. [More Information]

2010

  • Thompson, C., Hofer, M., Campbell, I., Holmes, A. (2010). Community Dynamics in the Mouse Gut Microbiota: A Possible Role for IRF9-Regulated Genes in Community Homeostasis. PloS One, 5(4), e10335-1-e10335-9. [More Information]
  • Muller, M., Carter, S., Hofer, M., Campbell, I. (2010). Review: The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in neuroimmunity - a tale of conflict and conundrum. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 36(5), 368-387. [More Information]
  • Ellis, S., Gysbers, V., Manders, P., Li, W., Hofer, M., Muller, M., Campbell, I. (2010). The Cell-Specific Induction of CXC Chemokine Ligand 9 Mediated by IFN-{gamma} in Microglia of the Central Nervous System Is Determined by the Myeloid Transcription Factor PU.1. Journal of Immunology, 185(3), 1864-1877. [More Information]

2009

  • Hofer, M., Campbell, I. (2009). Central Nervous System Inflammation: Cytokines and JAK/STAT/SOCS Signal Transduction. In Binder MD, Hirokawa N, Windhorst U, Hirsch M. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, (pp. 641-650). New York: Springer. [More Information]
  • Vetter, M., Hofer, M., Roth, E., Pircher, H., Pagenstecher, A. (2009). Intracerebral interleukin 12 induces glioma rejection in the brain predominantly by CD8+ T cells and independently of interferon-gamma. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 68(5), 525-534. [More Information]
  • Quintana, A., Muller, M., Frausto, R., Ramos, R., Getts, D., Sanz, E., Hofer, M., Krathausen, M., King, N., Hildago, J., Campbell, I. (2009). Site-Specific Production of IL-6 in the Central Nervous System Retargets and Enchances the Inflammatory Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Journal of Immunology, 183(3), 2079-2088. [More Information]

2008

  • Sanz, E., Hofer, M., Unzeta, M., Campbell, I. (2008). Minimal Role for STAT1 in Interleukin-6 Signaling and Actions in the Murine Brain. GLIA, 56(2), 190-199. [More Information]
  • Hofer, M., Carter, S., Muller, M., Campbell, I. (2008). Unaltered Neurological Disease and Mortality in CXCR3-Deficient Mice Infected Intracranially with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-Armstrong. Viral Immunology, 21(4), 425-433. [More Information]

2007

  • Muller, M., Carter, S., Hofer, M., Manders, P., Getts, D., Getts, M., Dreykluft, A., Lu, B., Gerard, C., King, N., Campbell, I. (2007). CXCR3 Signaling Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Controlling the Parenchymal Distribution of Effector and Regulatory T Cells in the Central Nervous System. Journal of Immunology, 179(5), 2774-2786. [More Information]
  • Hofer, M., Mueller, M., O'Sullivan, C., Manders, P., Campbell, I. (2007). Lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in STAT1 KO mice is associated with dysregulated PD-1/B7-H1 and a phenotypic switch in the T-cell response. International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, Interferon Anniversary Meeting (ISICR 2007), United Kingdom: Mary Ann Liebert Inc. Publishers.

2006

  • Hofer, M., Schindler, A., Ehrensberger, F., Staeheli, P., Pagenstecher, A. (2006). Absence of Borna disease virus in the CNS of epilepsy patients. Journal Of Clinical Virology.
  • Hofer, M. (2006). Absence of Borna disease virus in the CNS of epilepsy patients. Journal Of Clinical Virology, 36(1), 84-85. [More Information]
  • Wacher, C., Muller, M., Hofer, M., Getts, D., Zabaras, R., Ousman, S., Terenzi, F., Sen, G., King, N., Campbell, I. (2006). Coordinated regulation and widespread cellular expression of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISG)-49, ISG-54 and ISG-56 in the central nervous system following infection with distinct viruses. Journal of Virology, 81(2), 860-871. [More Information]

2005

  • Hofer, M., Weber, A., Haffner, K., Berlis, A., Klingel, K., Kruger, M., Kandolf, R., Volk, B. (2005). Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (Hurst’s disease) linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Acta Neuropathologica, 109(2), 226-230. [More Information]
  • Harloff, A., Rauer, S., Hofer, M., Klisch, J., Els, T. (2005). Fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis mimicking acute bacterial meningoencephalitis. European Journal of Neurology, 12(1), 67-69. [More Information]
  • Hofer, M., Finger, C., Pagenstecher, A. (2005). Molecular genotyping of the murine H-2K MHC class I allele. Journal of Immunological Methods, 302(1-2), 168-171. [More Information]

2004

  • Friedl, G., Hofer, M., Auber, B., Sauder, C., Hausmann, J., Staeheli, P., Pagenstecher, A. (2004). Borna Disease Virus Multiplication in Mouse Organotypic Slice Cultures Is Site-Specifically Inhibited by Gamma Interferon but Not by Interleukin-12. Journal of Virology, 78(3), 1212-1218. [More Information]
  • Hofer, M., Hausmann, J., Staeheli, P., Pagenstecher, A. (2004). Cerebral Expression of Interleukin-12 Induces Neurological Disease via Differential Pathways and Recruits Antigen-Specific T Cells in Virus-Infected Mice. American Journal of Pathology, 165(3), 949-958. [More Information]

2002

  • Freude, S., Hausmann, J., Hofer, M., Pham-Mitchell, N., Campbell, I., Staeheli, P., Pagenstecher, A. (2002). Borna disease virus accelerates inflammation and disease associated with transgenic expression of interleukin-12 in the central nervous system. Journal Of Clinical Virology, 76(23), 12223-122232.

2001

  • Allmang, U., Hofer, M., Herzog, S., Bechter, K., Staeheli, P. (2001). Low avidity of human serum antibodies for Borna disease virus antigens questions their diagnostic value. Molecular Psychiatry, 6(3), 329-333.

1999

  • Czygan, M., Hallensleben, W., Hofer, M., Pollak, S., Sauder, C., Bilzer, T., Blumcke, I., Riederer, P., Bogerts, B., et al (1999). Borna disease virus in human brains with a rare form of hippocampal degeneration but not in brains of patients with common neuropsychiatric disorders. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 180(5), 1695-1699. [More Information]

Selected Grants

2023

  • Defining the role of microglia in in a novel mouse model for autism spectrum disorder, Bucknor M, Hofer M, Ip J, Viengkhou B, Office of Global Engagement/Ignition Grants

2022

  • Are the changes to brain vasculature in Aicardi-Goutires syndrome mirrored in mice with chronic interferon-alpha production in the brain?, Viengkhou B, Hofer M, Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome Americas Association (AGSAA)/Rare Researcher Grant