Associate Professor Patrick Bertolino
Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolFaculty and Head of the Liver Immunology Program at the Centenary Institute
Patrick Bertolino has had consistent success in obtaining major international and national project grants as CIA, demonstrating independence and leadership. He has held continuous NHMRC funding since 2000: 2 Program Grants (PI 2005-9, CI 2010-4), and 6 Project grants (5 CIA, 1 CIB). He has also obtained highly competitive international funding (Roche Solid Organ Transplantation Research Foundation). |
The liver immunology group is studying the unique relationship between the liver and the immune system. Livers dampen down immunity to such an extent that they can be transplanted without rejection in some cases. Livers may not only be tolerated, but may also prevent the rejection of other organ grafts from the same donor, a process known as immune tolerance. Although this tolerance effect leads to better outcomes in transplantation, it can be detrimental during infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and malaria, that use this liver property to persist, leading to chronic infection. Having already shown that the liver, like the lymph nodes, can activate T cells, a key cell of the immune system, the group is investigating how the liver induces immune tolerance and how immunity can be enhanced in this organ. This knowledge could not only lead to better treatments in transplantation, but also to more effective prevention and treatment of chronic liver disease. The laboratory is also examining people undergoing liver transplantation for disease related to hepatitis C infection, which recurs post-transplant, and can cause recurrent disease. By studying the immune response to the hepatitis C virus in this group of patients, the researchers hope to gain important insights into factors that could improve treatment outcomes. |
This group’s research is also providing some important clues to improve the success of human gene therapy.
University of Sydney: Immunology lectures (3rd year Immunology) Since 1998.
Our studies are currently focused on four main aspects: Understanding which parameters regulate the fate of T cells activated by liver cells. Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the clearance of recently activated T cells by hepatocytes. Exploring solid organ transplantation in mice to understand the factors leading to spontaneous liver graft acceptance and, investigating mechanisms determined in these models in humans receiving liver transplants. Understanding immune responses to the hepatitis C virus in individuals undergoing liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus-related liver disease, and how these responses influence the clinical outcome of liver transplantation in this population. |
Since 2000: member of the Australian Society of Immunology (ASI)
Since 2000: member of Gastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA)
2010 NHMRC Senior Research Felllowship
2009 Centenary Institute for the student highest IF paper (Student: Lauren Holz)
1999 ASI 2001 Kevin Lafferty Memorial Prize for Autoimmunity.
1997 University of SydneyU2000 fellow
Publications
Book Chapters
- Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2014). Immune Responses to the Hepatitis C Virus. In I. R. Mackay, N. R. Rose, B. Diamond, A. Davidson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology: Autoimmune Diseases, (pp. 476-486). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. [More Information]
- Bertolino, P., Bowen, D. (2014). Primary T-Cell Activation in Liver. In I. R. Mackay, N. R. Rose, B. Diamond, A. Davidson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology: Autoimmune Diseases, (pp. 899-905). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. [More Information]
- Le Couteur, D., Warren, A., Cogger, V., Bertolino, P. (2014). Ultrastructure of the Liver Sinusoid. In I. R. Mackay, N. R. Rose, B. Diamond, A. Davidson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology: Autoimmune Diseases, (pp. 1235-1240). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. [More Information]
Journals
- Adams, R., Wixey, J., Nayler, S., Hill, G., Furlan, S., Zeiser, R., MacDonald, K., Carter-Cusack, D., Llanes, G., Hunter, C., Bertolino, P., et al (2024). CSF1R inhibition promotes neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits during graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood, 143(10), 912-929. [More Information]
- Ganley, M., Holz, L., Minnell, J., de Menezes, M., Burn, O., Poa, K., Draper, S., English, K., Chan, S., Anderson, R., Bertolino, P., et al (2023). mRNA vaccine against malaria tailored for liver-resident memory T cells. Nature Immunology, 24(9), 1487-1498. [More Information]
- Chen, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, F., Li, J., Boland, J., Cheng, N., Liu, K., Tiffen, J., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., Lisowski, L., Alexander, I., Vadas, M., Gamble, J., McCaughan, G., et al (2022). Liver-specific deletion of miR-181ab1 reduces liver tumour progression via upregulation of CBX7. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 79(8). [More Information]
Conferences
- Benseler, V., Holz, L., Schlitt, H., Brinkmann, V., McCaughan, G., Bertolino, P. (2006). FTY720 treatment leads to sequestration but not accumulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells activated in lymph nodes.
2024
- Adams, R., Wixey, J., Nayler, S., Hill, G., Furlan, S., Zeiser, R., MacDonald, K., Carter-Cusack, D., Llanes, G., Hunter, C., Bertolino, P., et al (2024). CSF1R inhibition promotes neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits during graft-versus-host disease in mice. Blood, 143(10), 912-929. [More Information]
2023
- Ganley, M., Holz, L., Minnell, J., de Menezes, M., Burn, O., Poa, K., Draper, S., English, K., Chan, S., Anderson, R., Bertolino, P., et al (2023). mRNA vaccine against malaria tailored for liver-resident memory T cells. Nature Immunology, 24(9), 1487-1498. [More Information]
2022
- Chen, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, F., Li, J., Boland, J., Cheng, N., Liu, K., Tiffen, J., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., Lisowski, L., Alexander, I., Vadas, M., Gamble, J., McCaughan, G., et al (2022). Liver-specific deletion of miR-181ab1 reduces liver tumour progression via upregulation of CBX7. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 79(8). [More Information]
2020
- Valencia-Hernandez, A., Ng, W., Ghazanfari, N., Ghilas, S., de Menezes, M., Holz, L., Huang, C., English, K., Naung, M., Tan, P., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P., et al (2020). A Natural Peptide Antigen within the Plasmodium Ribosomal Protein RPL6 Confers Liver TRM Cell-Mediated Immunity against Malaria in Mice. Cell Host and Microbe, 27(6), 950-962.e7. [More Information]
- Holz, L., Chua, Y., de Menezes, M., Anderson, R., Draper, S., Compton, B., Chan, S., Mathew, J., Li, J., Kedzierski, L., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., et al (2020). Glycolipid-peptide vaccination induces liver-resident memory CD8+ T cells that protect against rodent malaria. Science Immunology, 5(48), eaaz8035. [More Information]
- McCaughan, G., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2020). Induction Phase of Spontaneous Liver Transplant Tolerance. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 1908. [More Information]
2019
- Goodall, K., Nguyen, A., Matsumoto, A., McMullen, J., Eckle, S., Bertolino, P., Sullivan, L., Andrews, D. (2019). Multiple receptors converge on H2-Q10 to regulate NK and gamma delta T-cell development. Immunology and Cell Biology, 97(3), 326-339. [More Information]
- Mekonnen, Z., Grubor-Bauk, B., English, K., Leung, P., Masavuli, M., Shrestha, A., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., Lloyd, A., Gowans, E., et al (2019). Single-Dose Vaccination with a Hepatotropic Adeno-associated Virus Efficiently Localizes T Cell Immunity in the Liver with the Potential To Confer Rapid Protection against Hepatitis C Virus. Journal of Virology, 93(19), 1-19. [More Information]
2018
- Sheu, A., Chan, Y., Ferguson, A., Bakhtyari, M., Hawke, W., White, C., Chan, Y., Bertolino, P., Woon, H., Palendira, M., Sierro, F., et al (2018). A proinflammatory CD4+ T cell phenotype in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 61(7), 1633-1643. [More Information]
- Roediger, B., Lee, Q., Tikoo, S., Cobbin, J., Henderson, J., Jormakka, M., O'Rourke, M., Padula, M., Pinello, N., Henry, M., Wynne, M., Lisowski, L., Tay, S., Harris, D., Bertolino, P., Wong, J., Gorrell, M., Holmes, E., Jolly, C., Weninger, W., et al (2018). An Atypical Parvovirus Drives Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy and Kidney Fibrosis. Cell, 175(2), 530-540. [More Information]
- Holz, L., Prier, J., Freestone, D., Steiner, T., English, K., Johnson, D., Mollard, V., Cozijnsen, A., Davey, G., Godfrey, D., Bertolino, P., et al (2018). CD8+ T Cell Activation Leads to Constitutive Formation of Liver Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells that Seed a Large and Flexible Niche in the Liver. Cell Reports, 25(1), 68-79. [More Information]
2017
- Sierro, F., Evrard, M., Rizzetto, S., Melino, M., Mitchell, A., Florido, M., Beattie, L., Walters, S., Tay, S., Lu, B., Roediger, B., Wong, Y., Warren, A., Ritchie, W., McGuffog, C., Weninger, W., Le Couteur, D., Britton, W., Saunders, B., McCaughan, G., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P., et al (2017). A Liver Capsular Network of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Restricts Hepatic Dissemination of Intraperitoneal Bacteria by Neutrophil Recruitment. Immunity, 47(2), 374-388. [More Information]
- Wang, X., Holz, L., Chowdhury, S., Cordoba, S., Evans, K., Gall, M., Vieira de Ribeiro, A., Zheng, Y., Levy, M., Yu, M., Yao, T., Polak, N., Jolly, C., Bertolino, P., McCaughan, G., Gorrell, M. (2017). The pro-fibrotic role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 in carbon tetrachloride-induced experimental liver injury. Immunology and Cell Biology, 95(5), 443-453. [More Information]
- Lovelace, M., Powter, E., Coleman, P., Zhao, Y., Parker, A., Chang, G., Lay, A., Hunter, J., McGrath, A., Jormakka, M., Bertolino, P., McCaughan, G., Vadas, M., Gamble, J., et al (2017). The RhoGAP protein ARHGAP18/SENEX localizes to microtubules and regulates their stability in endothelial cells. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 28(8), 1066-1078. [More Information]
2016
- Vo, M., Holz, L., Wong, Y., English, K., Benseler, V., McGuffog, C., Azuma, M., McCaughan, G., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2016). Effector T cell function rather than survival determines extent and duration of hepatitis in mice. Journal of Hepatology, 64(6), 1327-1338. [More Information]
- Fernandez-Ruiz, D., Ng, W., Holz, L., Ma, J., Zaid, A., Wong, Y., Lau, L., Mollard, V., Cozijnsen, A., Collins, N., Tay, S., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P., et al (2016). Liver-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Form a Front-Line Defense against Malaria Liver-Stage Infection. Immunity, 45(4), 889-902. [More Information]
- Wong, Y., McCaughan, G., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2016). The CD8 T-cell response during tolerance induction in liver transplantation. Clinical & Translational Immunology, 5(10), 1-12. [More Information]
2015
- Powter, E., Coleman, P., Tran, M., Lay, A., Bertolino, P., Parton, R., Vadas, M., Gamble, J. (2015). Caveolae control the anti-inflammatory phenotype of senescent endothelial cells. Aging Cell, 14(1), 102-111. [More Information]
- McCaughan, G., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D. (2015). Could the morning after liver transplant be immunologically interesting? Liver Transplantation, 21(9), 1120-1122. [More Information]
- Wong, Y., Tay, S., McCaughan, G., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2015). Immune outcomes in the liver: Is CD8 T cell fate determined by the environment? Journal of Hepatology, 63(4), 1005-1014. [More Information]
2014
- Tay, S., Wong, Y., McDonald, D., Wood, N., Roediger, B., Sierro, F., McGuffog, C., Alexander, I., Bishop, A., Gamble, J., Weninger, W., McCaughan, G., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D. (2014). Antigen expression level threshold tunes the fate of CD8 T cells during primary hepatic immune responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(25), E2540-E2549. [More Information]
- Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2014). Immune Responses to the Hepatitis C Virus. In I. R. Mackay, N. R. Rose, B. Diamond, A. Davidson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Medical Immunology: Autoimmune Diseases, (pp. 476-486). New York: Springer Science+Business Media. [More Information]
- Tay, S., Wong, Y., Roediger, B., Sierro, F., Lu, B., McDonald, D., McGuffog, C., Meyer, N., Alexander, I., Parish, I., Weninger, W., Bishop, A., Gamble, J., McCaughan, G., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., et al (2014). Intrahepatic activation of naive CD4+T cells by liver-resident phagocytic cells. Journal of Immunology, 193(5), 2087-2095. [More Information]
2013
- Tay, S., Lu, B., Sierro, F., Benseler, V., McGuffog, C., Bishop, A., Cowan, P., McCaughan, G., Dwyer, K., Bowen, D., et al (2013). Differential migration of passenger leukocytes and rapid deletion of naive alloreactive CD8 T cells after mouse liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation, 19(11), 1224-1235. [More Information]
- Cunningham, E., Tay, S., Wang, C., Rtshiladze, M., Wang, Z., McGuffog, C., Cubitt, J., McCaughan, G., Alexander, I., Bertolino, P., Sharland, A., Bowen, D., Bishop, A. (2013). Gene therapy for tolerance: high-level expression of donor major histocompatibility complex in the liver overcomes naive and memory alloresponses to skin grafts. Transplantation, 95(1), 70-77. [More Information]
- McCaughan, G., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2013). Operational tolerance in liver transplantation: Shall we predict or promote? Liver Transplantation, 19(9), 933-936. [More Information]
2012
- Holz, L., Benseler, V., Vo, M., McGuffog, C., Van Rooijen, N., McCaughan, G., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2012). Naive CD8 T cell activation by liver bone marrow-derived cells leads to a "neglected" IL-2(low) Bim(high) phenotype, poor CTL function and cell death. Journal of Hepatology, 57(4), 830-836. [More Information]
- Bishop, A., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., McCaughan, G. (2012). Tolerance in liver transplantation. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Gastroenterology, 26(1), 73-84. [More Information]
- Barbier, L., Tay, S., McGuffog, C., Triccas, J., McCaughan, G., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2012). Two lymph nodes draining the mouse liver are the preferential site of DC migration and T cell activation. Journal of Hepatology, 57(2), 352-358. [More Information]
2011
- Benseler, V., Warren, A., Vo, M., Holz, L., Tay, S., Le Couteur, D., Breen, E., Allison, A., Van Rooijen, N., McGuffog, C., Bowen, D., McCaughan, G., Bertolino, P., et al (2011). Hepatocyte entry leads to degradation of autoreactive CD8 T cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(40), 16735-16740. [More Information]
- Benseler, V., Tay, S., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2011). Role of the Hepatic Parenchyma in Liver Transplant Tolerance: a Paradigm Revisited. Digestive Diseases, 29(4), 391-401. [More Information]
- Wang, C., Cordoba, S., Hu, M., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., Sharland, A., Allen, R., Alexander, S., McCaughan, G., Bishop, A. (2011). Spontaneous acceptance of mouse kidney allografts is associated with increased Foxp3 expression and differences in the B and T cell compartments. Transplant Immunology, 24(3), 149-156. [More Information]
2010
- Holz, L., Warren, A., Le Couteur, D., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2010). CD8+ T cell tolerance following antigen recognition on hepatocytes. Journal of Autoimmunity, 34(1), 15-22. [More Information]
- Viebahn, C., Benseler, V., Holz, L., Elsegood, C., Vo, M., Bertolino, P., Ganss, R., Yeoh, G. (2010). Invading macrophages play a major role in the liver progenitor cell response to chronic liver injury. Journal of Hepatology, 53(3), 500-507. [More Information]
- Holz, L., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2010). Mechanisms of T cell death in the liver: to Bim or not to Bim? Digestive Diseases, 28(1), 14-24. [More Information]
2009
- McCaughan, G., Shackel, N., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D. (2009). Molecular and cellular aspects of hepatitis C virus reinfection after liver transplantation: how the early phase impacts on outcomes. Transplantation, 87(8), 1105-1111. [More Information]
- Bowen, D., Zekry, A., Bertolino, P., Shackel, N., McCaughan, G. (2009). Pathology and pathogenesis of hepatitis C. In G. Dore, M. Temple-Smith, A. Lloyd (Eds.), Hepatitis C: An Expanding Perspective, (pp. 43-75). East Hawthorn, Victoria: IP Communications.
- Dahlke, M., Hoogduijn, M., Eggenhofer, E., Popp, F., Renner, P., Slowik, P., Rosenauer, A., Piso, P., Bertolino, P., Schlitt, H., et al (2009). Toward MSC in Solid Organ Transplantation: 2008 Position Paper of the MISOT Study Group. Transplantation, 88, 614-619. [More Information]
2008
- Allen, K., Mifsud, N., Williamson, R., Bertolino, P., Hardikar, W. (2008). Cell-mediated rejection results in allograft loss after liver cell transplantation. Liver Transplantation, 14(5), 688-694. [More Information]
- Bertolino, P., McCaughan, G., Bowen, D. (2008). Immunological Parameters Influencing Adaptive Immune Responses to the Hepatitis C Virus. In Emilio Jirillo (Eds.), Hepatitis C Virus Disease: Immunobiology and Clinical Applications, (pp. 39-70). United States: Springer. [More Information]
- Bertolino, P. (2008). Impaired function of dendritic cells translocating the liver sinusoids: a veto effect contributing to intrahepatic tolerance? European Journal of Immunology, 38(4), 938-941. [More Information]
2007
- Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., Benseler, V. (2007). T cells in the liver: there is life beyond the graveyard. Hepatology, 45(6), 1580-1582. [More Information]
- Benseler, V., McCaughan, G., Schlitt, H., Bishop, A., Bowen, D., Bertolino, P. (2007). The liver: a special case in transplantation tolerance. Seminars in Liver Disease, 27(2), 194-213. [More Information]
- Wu, H., Chen, G., Wyburn, K., Bertolino, P., Eris, J., Alexander, S., Sharland, A., Chadban, S. (2007). TLR4 activation mediates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 117(10), 2847-2859. [More Information]
2006
- Wang, C., Cordoba, S., Bertolino, P., Alexander, S., Wu, M., Allen, R., McCaughan, G., Bishop, A. (2006). Examination of the immune mechanism of spontaneous tolerance of renal allografts in a mouse model. Immunology and Cell Biology, 84(1), A29-30.
- Benseler, V., Holz, L., Schlitt, H., Brinkmann, V., McCaughan, G., Bertolino, P. (2006). FTY720 treatment leads to sequestration but not accumulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells activated in lymph nodes.
- Dahlke, M., Loi, R., Warren, A., Holz, L., Popp, F., Weiss, D., Piso, P., Bowen, D., McCaughan, G., Schlitt, H., Bertolino, P. (2006). Immune-mediated hepatitis drives low-level fusion between hepatocytes and adult bone marrow cells. Journal of Hepatology, 44(2), 334-341. [More Information]
2005
- Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., Zen, M., McCaughan, G. (2005). Autoimmune hepatitis in transgenic mouse models: what lessons can be learnt? In H. P. Dienes, U. Leuschner, A. W. Lohse, M. P. Manns (Eds.), Autoimmune Liver Disease: Proceedings of the Falk Symposium No. 142, (pp. 60-72). The Netherlands: Springer.
- Bertolino, P., Schrage, A., Bowen, D., Klugewitz, K., Ghani, S., Eulenburg, K., Holz, L., Hogg, N., McCaughan, G., Hamann, A. (2005). Early intrahepatic antigen-specific retention of naïve CD8+ T cells is predominantly ICAM-1/LFA-1 dependent in mice. Hepatology, 42(5), 1063-1071. [More Information]
- Cordoba, S., Wang, C., Li, J., Bertolino, P., McCaughan, G., Bishop, A. (2005). Examination of immune mechanisms in a mouse model of spontaneous renal allograft acceptance. Immunology and Cell Biology, 83(4 Supplement), A20-A21.
2004
- McCaughan, G., Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., Zen, M., Holz, L., Davis, T. (2004). The Site Of Primary T Cell Activation Is A Determinant Of The Balance Between Intrahepatic Tolerance And Immunity. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 114(5), 701-712. [More Information]
2002
- Demangel, C., Bertolino, P., Britton, W. (2002). Autocrine IL-10 impairs dendritic cell (DC)-derived immune responses to mycobacterial infection by suppressing DC trafficking to draining lymph nodes and local IL-12 production. European Journal of Immunology, 32(4), 994-1002.
- Bowen, D., Warren, A., Davis, T., Hoffmann, M., McCaughan, G., Fazekas de St Groth, B., Bertolino, P. (2002). Cytokine-dependent bystander hepatitis due to intrahepatic murine CD8+ T-cell activation by bone marrow-derived cells. Gastroenterology, 123(4), 1252-1264. [More Information]
- Greenhalgh, C., Bertolino, P., Asa, S., Metcalf, D., Corbin, J., Adams, T., Davey, H., Nicola, N., Hilton, D., Alexander, W. (2002). Growth enhancement in suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS-2)-deficient mice is dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b). Molecular Endocrinology, 16(6), 1394-1406. [More Information]
2001
- Bertolino, P., Bowen, D., McCaughan, G., Fazekas de St Groth, B. (2001). Antigen-Specific Primary Activation of CD8(+) T Cells Within the Liver. Journal of Immunology, 166, 5430-5438.
Selected Grants
2021
- The APRICA program- Accelerated translational research in PRImary Liver Cancer, George J, McCaughan G, Reddel R, Bertolino P, Palendira M, Eslam M, Usherwood T, Cancer Institute NSW/Accelerated Translational Research Grant
2017
- Protecting against malaria through liver-resident memory T cells, Bertolino P, Fernandez-Ruiz D, Bowen D, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants
- The unique nature of gamma delta T cell recognition resolved through interaction with H2-Q10, Bertolino P, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/Project Grants
In the media
Interview with Norman Swan at ABC Radio Nationa- Health reports 26th September 2011
Link: http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/healthreport/important-new-liver-research/3582398