Associate Professor Patrina Caldwell
Paediatrics & Child Health, Children's Hospital, Westmead
Patrina Caldwell is an academic paediatrician who works as an Associate Professor for the Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health at the University of Sydney and a Senior Staff Specialist at the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network. She founded and heads the multidisciplinary urinary continence service at the Children’s Hospital at Westmead, which provides care for children with daytime wetting and bedwetting across NSW.
Her areas of research interest include children's bladder conditions (including childhood and adolescent bedwetting and daytime urinary incontinence), online searching for health information for consumers and health professionals, using technology and virtual agents to help patients with treatments, eHealth and evidence-based medicine (ensuring that medical care is based on the best research evidence available).
She supervises PhD, masters and honours students as well as paediatric advanced trainees in many areas of research including paediatric continence, systematic reviews, evidence based medicine, general paediatrics, eHealth and medical education research.
- eADVICE - an eHealth tool using a virtual online agent to help manage urinary incontinence in children while they are awaiting a specialist appointment
- TENS study – using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treating children with overactive bladder
- Adolescent urinary incontinence – exploring the health needs of adolecents with urinary incontinence
- Potty Monkey – toilet training for children with special needs
- A smart phone app for improving treatment adherence in young people with chronic health conditions
- How young people and parents search for and appraise online health information
- Teaching evidence based medicine to resource limited settings including to practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
- Enuresis and sleep problems in children
ANZAHPE
RACP
ICCS
CFA
CMDFA
Publications
Book Chapters
- Richards, D., Caldwell, P. (2016). Gamification to Improve Adherence to Clinical Treatment Advice: Improving Adherence to Clinical Treatment. In Daniel Novak, Bengisu Tulu and Havar Brendryen (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Holistic Perspectives in Gamification for Clinical Practice, (pp. 47-77). Hershey: Medical Information Science Reference. [More Information]
- Caldwell, P., Waters, K. (2013). Nocturnal Enuresis. In Amy R. Wolfson, Hawley E. Montgomery-Downs (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Sleep and Behavior, (pp. 370-378). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. [More Information]
- McGrath, K., Caldwell, P. (2012). Diagnostic Approach to Constipation in Children. In Anthony G. Catto-Smith (Eds.), Constipation - Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment, (pp. 1-18). Rijeka, Croatia: InTech Publishers. [More Information]
Journals
- Von Huben, A., Deshpande, A., Scott, K., Caldwell, P., Howell, M., Richards, D., Hamilton, S., Howard, K., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Craig, J., Waters, K., et al (2024). An Economic Evaluation of a Web-Based Management Support System for Children with Urinary Incontinence: The eADVICE Trial. The Journal of Urology, 212(1), 185-195. [More Information]
- Baba, A., Preston, J., Sammy, A., Webbe, J., Williams, K., Woolfall, K., Klassen, T., Offringa, M., Aregbesola, A., Caldwell, P., et al (2024). Developments in the Design, Conduct, and Reporting of Child Health Trials. Pediatrics, 154(1), e2024065799. [More Information]
- Richards, D., Caldwell, P., Abdulrahman, A., Von Huben, A., Waters, K., Scott, K. (2024). Reengineering eADVICE for Long Waitlists: A Tale of Two Systems and Conditions. Electronics, 13(14). [More Information]
Conferences
- Richards, D., Caldwell, P. (2018). An empathie virtual medical specialist: It's not what you say but how you say it. 23rd International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM 2017), Dublin: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). [More Information]
- Richards,, D., Caldwell, P. (2016). Building a working alliance with a knowledge based system through an embodied conversational agent. 14th Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (PKAW 2016), : Springer Verlag.
- Baker,, S., Richards,, D., Caldwell, P. (2014). Putting a new intelligent virtual face on a medical treatment advice system to improve adherence. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, : IEEE Computer Society.
Patents
- Caldwell, P., Dickinson, M., McCauley, J., Wickham, G. (2014). Enuresis Alarm With Coding Device. Patent No. 2009295339.
2024
- Von Huben, A., Deshpande, A., Scott, K., Caldwell, P., Howell, M., Richards, D., Hamilton, S., Howard, K., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Craig, J., Waters, K., et al (2024). An Economic Evaluation of a Web-Based Management Support System for Children with Urinary Incontinence: The eADVICE Trial. The Journal of Urology, 212(1), 185-195. [More Information]
- Baba, A., Preston, J., Sammy, A., Webbe, J., Williams, K., Woolfall, K., Klassen, T., Offringa, M., Aregbesola, A., Caldwell, P., et al (2024). Developments in the Design, Conduct, and Reporting of Child Health Trials. Pediatrics, 154(1), e2024065799. [More Information]
- Richards, D., Caldwell, P., Abdulrahman, A., Von Huben, A., Waters, K., Scott, K. (2024). Reengineering eADVICE for Long Waitlists: A Tale of Two Systems and Conditions. Electronics, 13(14). [More Information]
2023
- Guha, C., Ahmad, R., Van Zwieten, A., Francis, A., Hawley, C., Jaure, A., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Mallard, A., Bernier-Jean, A., Johnson, D., McCarthy, H., Howard, K., Howell, M., Irving, M., Caldwell, P., Carter, S., et al (2023). Baseline characteristics of participants in the NAVKIDS2 trial: a patient navigator program in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatric Nephrology, 38(5), 1577-1590. [More Information]
- Freeman, J., Caldwell, P., Scott, K. (2023). How Adolescents Trust Health Information on Social Media: A Systematic Review. Academic Pediatrics. [More Information]
- Zaidman, E., Scott, K., Hahn, D., Bennett, P., Caldwell, P. (2023). Impact of parental health literacy on the health outcomes of children with chronic disease globally: A systematic review. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 59(1). [More Information]
2022
- Taba, M., Allen, T., Caldwell, P., Skinner, R., Kang, M., McCaffery, K., Scott, K. (2022). Adolescents’ self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1223. [More Information]
- Caldwell, P., Kerr, M., Hamilton, S., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Craig, J. (2022). An Alarm Watch for Daytime Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics, 149(1). [More Information]
- Karatas, C., Caldwell, P., Scott, K. (2022). How paediatricians communicate with parents who access online health information. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 58(12), 2169-2176. [More Information]
2021
- Martenstyn, J., Machaalani, R., Caldwell, P., Waters, K. (2021). Relationship between sleep respiration, architecture and childhood enuresis: Correlates between polysomnography and questionnaire. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 57(12), 1923-1928. [More Information]
- Bartos, N., Hamilton, S., Barnes, E., Caldwell, P. (2021). Toilet training children with special needs using a Potty Monkey toy device. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 57(3), 365-370. [More Information]
- San, S., Barnes, E., Caldwell, P. (2021). Urinary incontinence during laughter in children: Is it giggle incontinence? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 57(12), 1971-1975. [More Information]
2020
- Caldwell, P., Codarini, M., Stewart, F., Hahn, D., Sureshkumar, P. (2020). Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020 (5), CD002911. [More Information]
- McGinness, H., Caldwell, P., Gunasekera, H., Scott, K. (2020). An educational intervention to increase student engagement in feedback. Medical Teacher, 42(11), 1289-1297. [More Information]
- Caldwell, P., Bennett, T. (2020). Easy guide to conducting a systematic review. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 56(6), 853-856. [More Information]
2019
- Caldwell, P., Manocha, R., Hamilton, S., Scott, K., Barnes, E. (2019). Australian community health practitioners' knowledge and experience with managing urinary incontinence that begins in childhood. Australian Journal of General Practice, 48(1-2), 60-65. [More Information]
- Joseph, P., Caldwell, P., Barnes, E., Hynes, K., Choong, C., Turner, S., Vosk, C., White, J., Richichi, K., Craig, J. (2019). Completeness of protocols for clinical trials in children submitted to ethics committees. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 55(3), 291-298. [More Information]
- Van Zwieten, A., Caldwell, P., Howard, K., Jaure, A., Craig, J., Alexander, S., Howell, M., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Hawley, C., Jesudason, S., Carter, S., Wong, G., et al (2019). NAV-KIDS2 trial: protocol for a multi-centre, staggered randomised controlled trial of a patient navigator intervention in children with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrology, 20(1), 1-9. [More Information]
2018
- Caldwell, P., Scott, K., Kerr, M., O'Mara, D. (2018). A workshop to promote interprofessional care. The Clinical Teacher, 15(5), 419-424. [More Information]
- Scott, K., Caldwell, P., Kang, M., McCaffery, K., Skinner, R. (2018). Adolescents' Use of Dr Google: Help or Hindrance? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 54(11), 1282-1283. [More Information]
- Richards, D., Caldwell, P. (2018). An empathie virtual medical specialist: It's not what you say but how you say it. 23rd International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM 2017), Dublin: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). [More Information]
2017
- Joseph, P., Caldwell, P., Barnes, E., Craig, J. (2017). Disease burden-research match? Registered trials in child health from low- and middle-income and high-income countries. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 53, 667-674. [More Information]
- Paget, S., Caldwell, P., Murphy, J., Lilischkis, K., Morrow, A. (2017). Moving beyond 'not enough time': factors influencing paediatric clinicians' participation in research. Internal Medicine Journal, 47(3), 299-306. [More Information]
- Cao, H., Wu, R., Han, M., Caldwell, P., Lui, J. (2017). Oral administration of Chinese herbal medicine during gestation period for preventing hemolytic disease of the newborn due to ABO incompatibility: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. PloS One, 12(7), 1-23. [More Information]
2016
- Caldwell, P., Sureshkumar, P., Kerr, M., Hamilton, S., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Macaskill, P., Craig, J. (2016). A randomised controlled trial of a code-word enuresis alarm. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 101(4), 326-331. [More Information]
- Richards,, D., Caldwell, P. (2016). Building a working alliance with a knowledge based system through an embodied conversational agent. 14th Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (PKAW 2016), : Springer Verlag.
- Richards, D., Caldwell, P. (2016). Gamification to Improve Adherence to Clinical Treatment Advice: Improving Adherence to Clinical Treatment. In Daniel Novak, Bengisu Tulu and Havar Brendryen (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Holistic Perspectives in Gamification for Clinical Practice, (pp. 47-77). Hershey: Medical Information Science Reference. [More Information]
2015
- Scott, K., Caldwell, P., Barnes, E., Barrett, J. (2015). "Teaching by humiliation" and mistreatment of medical students in clinical rotations: A pilot study. Medical Journal of Australia, 203(4), 185e.1-185e.6. [More Information]
- Scott, K., Caldwell, P., Barnes, E., Barrett, J. (2015). "Teaching by humiliation" and mistreatment of medical students in clinical rotations: a pilot study. Medical Journal of Australia, 203(4), 1-6.
- Richards, D., Chan, N., Caldwell, P. (2015). A review of the use of information communication technology to aid decision-making for live kidney donors and recipients. Health and Technology, 5(3-4), 167-178. [More Information]
2014
- Caldwell, P., Dickinson, M., McCauley, J., Wickham, G. (2014). Enuresis Alarm With Coding Device. Patent No. 2009295339.
- Paget, S., Lilischkis, K., Morrow, A., Caldwell, P. (2014). Embedding research in clinical practice: Differences in attitudes to research participation among clinicians in a tertiary teaching hospital. Internal Medicine Journal, 44(1), 86-89. [More Information]
- Nankivell, G., Caldwell, P. (2014). Paediatric urinary incontinence. Australian Prescriber, 37(6), 192-194. [More Information]
2013
- Caldwell, P., Deshpande, A., Von Gontard, A. (2013). Management of nocturnal enuresis. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 347, 1-6. [More Information]
- Caldwell, P., Waters, K. (2013). Nocturnal Enuresis. In Amy R. Wolfson, Hawley E. Montgomery-Downs (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Sleep and Behavior, (pp. 370-378). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. [More Information]
- Sabesan, S., Allen, D., Loh, P., Caldwell, P., Mozer, R., Komesaroff, P., Talman, P., Williams, M., Shaheen, N. (2013). Practical aspects of telehealth: are my patients suited to telehealth? Internal Medicine Journal, 43(5), 581-584. [More Information]
2012
- Deshpande, A., Craig, J., Caldwell, P., Smith, G. (2012). Ambulatory urodynamic studies (UDS) in children using a Bluetooth-enabled device. BJU International, 110(Suppl 4), 38-45. [More Information]
- McGrath, K., Caldwell, P. (2012). Diagnostic Approach to Constipation in Children. In Anthony G. Catto-Smith (Eds.), Constipation - Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment, (pp. 1-18). Rijeka, Croatia: InTech Publishers. [More Information]
- Deshpande, A., Caldwell, P., Sureshkumar, P. (2012). Drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children (other than desmopressin and tricyclics) (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12, 1-109. [More Information]
2011
- Deshpande, A., Craig, J., Smith, G., Caldwell, P. (2011). Factors Influencing Quality of Life in Children With Urinary Incontinence. The Journal of Urology, 186(3), 1048-1052. [More Information]
- Hartling, L., Wittmeier, K., Caldwell, P., van der Lee, J., Klassen, T., Craig, J., Offringa, M. (2011). StaR Child Health: developing evidence-based guidance for the design, conduct, and reporting of pediatric trials. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 90(5), 727-731. [More Information]
- Spriggs, M., Caldwell, P. (2011). The ethics of paediatric research. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 47(9), 664-667. [More Information]
2010
- Peadon, E., Caldwell, P., Oldmeadow, W. (2010). 'I enjoy teaching but .': Paediatricians' attitudes to teaching medical students and junior doctors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 46(11), 647-652. [More Information]
- Sureshkumar, P., Caldwell, P., Craig, J. (2010). Diagnosing daytime bladder symptoms in children with nocturnal enuresis: A comparison of brief parental questionnaire with in-depth, physician-elicited, assessment. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 46(11), 636-641. [More Information]
- Caldwell, P., Isaacs, D. (2010). Journal club. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 46(6), 285. [More Information]
2009
- Craig, J., Simpson, J., Williams, G., Lowe, A., Reynolds, G., McTaggart, S., Hodson, E., Carapetis, J., Cranswick, N., Smith, G., Irwig, L., Caldwell, P., Roy, L., et al (2009). Antibiotic prophylaxis and recurrent urinary tract infection in children. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(18), 1748-1759. [More Information]
- Gim, C., Lillystone, D., Caldwell, P. (2009). Efficacy of the bell and pad alarm therapy for nocturnal enuresis. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 45(7-8), 405-408. [More Information]
- Sureshkumar, P., Jones, M., Caldwell, P., Craig, J. (2009). Risk factors for nocturnal enuresis in school-age children. The Journal of Urology, 182(6), 2893-2899. [More Information]
2008
- McGrath, K., Caldwell, P., Jones, M. (2008). The frequency of constipation in children with nocturnal enuresis: a comparison with parental reporting. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 44(1), 19-27. [More Information]
2006
- Trevena, L., Davey, H., Barratt, A., Butow, P., Caldwell, P. (2006). A systematic review on communicating with patients about evidence. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 12(1), 13-23. [More Information]
2005
- Caldwell, P., Craig, J., Butow, P. (2005). Barriers to Australian physicians' and paediatricians' involvement in randomised controlled trials. Medical Journal of Australia, 182(2), 59-65. [More Information]
- Caldwell, P., Edgar, D., Hodson, E., Craig, J., et al (2005). Bedwetting and toileting problems in children (Authors' Reply). Medical Journal of Australia, 182(11), 596. [More Information]
- Caldwell, P., Edgar, D., Hodson, E., Craig, J. (2005). Bedwetting and toileting problems in children. Medical Journal of Australia, 182(4), 190-195. [More Information]
2004
- Trevena, L., Davey, H., Barratt, A., Butow, P., Caldwell, P. (2004). Communicating evidence to patients. In Virginia A. Moyer, Elizabeth J. Elliott..[et al.] (Eds.), Evidence-based pediatrics and child health, (pp. 129-138). London: BMJ Books.
- Caldwell, P., Craig, J., Butow, P. (2004). Participation in randomized trials in developing countries: Reply. The Journal of Pediatrics, 144(1), 140.
2003
- Caldwell, P., Butow, P., Craig, J. (2003). Parents' attitudes to children's participation in randomized controlled trials. The Journal of Pediatrics, 142, 554-559. [More Information]
- Caldwell, P., Butow, P., Craig, J. (2003). Parents’ attitudes to children’s participation in randomized controlled trials. The Journal of Pediatrics, 142(5), 554-559. [More Information]
2002
- Caldwell, P., Butow, P., Craig, J. (2002). Paediatricians' attitudes to randomised controlled trials involving children. International Clinical Trials Symposium.
- Caldwell, P., Butow, P., Craig, J. (2002). Parent's attitudes to randomised controlled trials involving children. Pediatric Research Seminar, Not published: Not Published.
- Caldwell, P., Butow, P., Craig, J. (2002). Pediatricians' attitudes toward randomized controlled trials involving children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 141(6), 798-803. [More Information]
2001
- Caldwell, P., Butow, P., Craig, J. (2001). Attitudes of paediatricians to children's participation in randomised controlled trials. Australasian Epidemiological Association's 10th Annual Conference.
Selected Grants
2020
- Enhancing adolescents health through digital health literacy, Scott K, Skinner R, McCaffery K, Kang M, Caldwell P, Australian Research Council (ARC)/Discovery Projects (DP)
2016
- Pilot study of using a "Potty Monkey" for toilet training in children with special needs, Caldwell P, Teixeira-Pinto A, Walker K, Continence Foundation of Australia/Research Grant